Download or read book Computer Exports and National Security written by James Andrew Lewis and published by CSIS. This book was released on 2001 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Export controls on computers and microprocessors have been a politically charged subject for much of the last decade. This volume reaches three broad conclusions: (1) Current export controls on computers and microprocessors are ineffective, given the global diffusion of information technology and rapid increases in performance; (2) the United States should eliminate these Cold War controls and strengthen military and proliferation-related controls; and (3) the trends that make computer export controls ineffective could damage national security if the United States does not use new information technologies to retain its military advantage over potential opponents.
Download or read book Export controls national security issues and foreign availability for high performance computer exports report to congressional committees written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export Controls written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because high performance computing is an important enabling technology for military purposes, the U.S. government controls the export of high performance computers to sensitive destinations, such as Russia and China, based on foreign policy and national security concerns. A high performance computer 1 has both civilian and military applications,2 operates at or above a defined performance threshold, and requires an export license to particular destinations, according to the Commerce Department, the agency responsible for licensing dual-use items. U.S. policy with respect to the export of sensitive technology, including computers, is to seek a balance between the U.S. economic interest in promoting exports and its national security interests in both maintaining a military advantage over potential adversaries and denying the spread of technologies used in developing weapons of mass destruction.
Download or read book Export Controls written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent agency that works for Congress. The GAO watches over Congress, and investigates how the federal government spends taxpayers dollars. The Comptroller General of the United States is the leader of the GAO, and is appointed to a 15-year term by the U.S. President. The GAO wants to support Congress, while at the same time doing right by the citizens of the United States. They audit, investigate, perform analyses, issue legal decisions and report anything that the government is doing. This is one of their reports.
Download or read book U S Supercomputer Export Control Policy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on National Security and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Performance Computer Export Controls written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export Controls written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export Controls written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For national security and foreign policy reasons, U.S. export control policy seeks to balance economic interests in promoting high technology exports with national security interests to maintain a military advantage in high performance computers over potential adversaries. In January 2002, the President announced that the control threshold--above which computers exported to countries such as China, India, and Russia--would increase from 85,000 millions of theoretical operations per second (MTOPS) to 190,000 MTOPS. The report justifying the changes in control thresholds for high performance computers focused on the availability of such computers. However, the justification did not fully address the requirements of the National Defense Authorization Act of 1998. The December 2001 report did not address several key issues related to the decision to raise the threshold: (1) the unrestricted export of computers with performance capabilities between the old and new thresholds will allow countries of concern to obtain computers that they have had difficulty constructing on their own, (2) the United States is unable to monitor the end-uses of many of the computers it exports, and (3) the report does not acknowledge the multilateral process used to make prior changes in high performance computer thresholds.
Download or read book Export Controls written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computer Exports to the Soviet Union written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy and Trade and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export controls statutory reporting requirements for computers not fully addressed report to congressional requesters written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export controls more thorough analysis needed to justify changes in high performance computer controls written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In January 2002, the President announced that the control threshold above which computers exported to countries such as China, India, and Russia would increase from 85,000 MTOPS to 190,000 MTOPS. When the President changes the threshold, the National Defense Authorization Act of 1998 requires that the President provide a justification to Congress. The justification should, at a minimum, address the extent to which computers capable of performance between the established and newly proposed level of performance are available from other countries, address all their potential military uses, and assess the impact of such uses on U.S. national security interests. A related law also requires that we assess the executive branch's proposed changes. The justification for the President's January 2002 change to the control threshold for high performance computers was presented in a December 28, 2001, report to Congress. Thus, we (1) assessed the President's justification for the decision as presented in the December 2001 report and (2) identified other issues relevant to the decision to change the control threshold. To address these issues, we reviewed the statutory requirements for the justification, the documentation used by executive branch officials to support the conclusions presented in the report, and export control regulations pertaining to high performance computers. In addition, we obtained information from the 10 manufacturers listed in the President's report on the availability of high performance computers having the specifications described in the report. The information obtained from the manufacturers was supplemented with additional information obtained from a leading information technology industry market research organization. We also interviewed officials from the Departments of Commerce, Defense, and State who were responsible for producing the President's report.
Download or read book EXPORT CONTROLS National Security Risks and Revisions To Controls On Computer Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. policy with respect to the export of sensitive technology, including computers, is to seek a balance between the U.S. economic interest in promoting exports with its national security interests in both maintaining a military advantage over potential adversaries and denying the spread of technologies used in developing weapons of mass destruction. The United States has long controlled the export of high performance computers to sensitive destinations, such as Russia and China. These computers have both civilian (dual use) and military applications and technological advancements in computing power have been rapid. The Department of Commerce has primary responsibility for managing the licensing of these dual-use items and weighing the promotion of commercial interests in exporting items against the protection of national security interests. For the past several years, there has been continuing congressional concern about and debate over whether our national security is being harmed by relaxing export controls on high performance computers and over the rationale for subsequent revised controls. This report discusses the General Accounting Office's observations about how the executive branch (1) assesses the national security risks associated with the export of high performance computers going to countries of concern and (2) determines when the exports of computers at existing performance levels can no longer be controlled.
Download or read book Export Controls written by Stati Uniti. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export Controls written by Harold James Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book GAO Report on High Performance Computers written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on International Security, Proliferation, and Federal Services and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Export Controls written by Harold James Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
