Download or read book Computer aided Methodology for the Analysis Design and Optimization of Production from Unconventional Gas Reservoirs written by Srimoyee Bhattacharya and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, the production of unconventional natural gas, particularly gas from shale rocks, grew to reach more than 50 percent of the annual U.S. natural gas output. The term unconventional refers to gas contained in rock formations of very low permeability, which makes gas extraction difficult, because - in contrast to conventional resources - gas cannot easily flow through the reservoir rock into a drilled well and travel to the surface. There are two key technologies that have made production from unconventional resources practical: Massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. However, the systematic development of unconventional gas resources entails substantial uncertainty and risk. Therefore, computational tools that mitigate such risk are valuable for economic development of such resources. This research focuses on developing such tools, and is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on a methodology for the analysis of production data from existing wells that can be used for future well planning. The methodology relies on standard principal component analysis (PCA) and regression (PCR), and can help answer questions such as (a) Which wells behave similarly? (b) Which wells behave differently from each other or from standard expectations? (c) What factors contribute to these differences? (d) How can data from existing wells be used to anticipate the performance of new wells? The methodology is illustrated through the analysis of historical production data from twelve wells in the Holly Branch field. The proposed methodology would be even more valuable for larger data sets, for which manual analysis of production data is more cumbersome. The second part addresses the problem of fracture design and optimization, namely, decision making on the optimum number of horizontal wells, the optimum number of transverse fractures per well, fracture dimensions, and the quantity of proppant required per fracture. For this problem, the usual strategy of parametric sensitivity analysis is time consuming and possibly ineffective. The proposed approach accounts for the complex interactions among formation and fracture properties, fracture geometry, production behaviors, design constraints and the objective function. Explicit analytical expressions are developed that can be easily used to implement the proposed methodology on problems in the field.

Download or read book Various Topics in Unconventional Reservoir Simulation written by Yajie Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the recent progress in technologies such as hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, unconventional resource development has exploded in recent years. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain for shale reservoirs because of the extensive number of uncertainties. Without proper characterization processes, extracting economic values from these projects will be difficult, and optimizations for future plans will also be challenging. Therefore, efficient models in production mechanism, management and optimization have gradually become hot topics among the petroleum industry. This study aims to address various crucial challenges during the production process of shale reservoirs, including unconventional well gas oil ratio (GOR) characterization, choke management, and well spacing optimization. Due to the ultra-low permeability and porosity, the fluid phase behavior in shale reservoirs significantly differs from the conventional fluid behavior and increases the production forecasting complexity. A substantial effort to better understand the mechanism is to characterize the unconventional well GOR, which always plays as a critical indicator to help predict long-term oil/gas production trends and develop appropriate production strategies. In this research, GOR behavior was first evaluated by a set of comprehensive sensitivity studies in a tight oil well model, which helped to investigate the key drivers that can impact the GOR response in unconventional resources. Then, a parent-child well-set case in Eagle Ford was presented. Through detailed characterization of the producing GOR, an improved understanding of the parent-child well behavior and the fracture hit impact can be obtained. In order to improve the efficiency of field operation, seeking for proper operation plan has been the focusing topic among the oil and gas industry. Choke management strategy selection is one of the essential measures to regulate fluid flow and control downstream system pressure, which could significantly impact the well production rate and estimated ultimate recovery (EUR). In this study, we utilized the non-intrusive embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) method to handle complicated fracture designs and predicted the long-term EUR from conservative to aggressive choke strategy. Meanwhile, a series of sensitivity studies were presented to evaluate the impacts of various factors on shale gas production, including fracture permeability modulus, fracture closure level, and natural fractures network. The model becomes a valuable stencil to design fracture closure and complex fracture networks, which is a significant improvement for a more reliable choke management model in unconventional area. Another crucial part for well performance improvement is well spacing optimization. Consistent estimates of well spacing help reduce the impact of complex uncertainties from unconventional reservoirs, thereby improving the EUR and enhancing economic growth. We demonstrated a case study on well spacing optimization in a shale gas reservoir located in the Sichuan Basin in China. By using the advanced EDFM technology, complex natural fractures can be effectively captured and simulated. In this study, five different well spacing scenarios ranging from 300 m to 500 m were simulated individually to find the optimum well spacing that maximizes the economic revenue. As the practicability and the convenience showed in this workflow, it becomes feasible to be utilized in any other shale gas well

Download or read book Challenges in Modelling and Simulation of Shale Gas Reservoirs written by Jebraeel Gholinezhad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the problems involved in the modelling and simulation of shale gas reservoirs, and details recent advances in the field. It discusses various modelling and simulation challenges, such as the complexity of fracture networks, adsorption phenomena, non-Darcy flow, and natural fracture networks, presenting the latest findings in these areas. It also discusses the difficulties of developing shale gas models, and compares analytical modelling and numerical simulations of shale gas reservoirs with those of conventional reservoirs. Offering a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in developing shale gas models and simulators in the upstream oil industry, it allows readers to gain a better understanding of these reservoirs and encourages more systematic research on efficient exploitation of shale gas plays. It is a valuable resource for researchers interested in the modelling of unconventional reservoirs and graduate students studying reservoir engineering. It is also of interest to practising reservoir and production engineers.

Download or read book Petroleum Production Engineering written by Boyun Guo and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum Production Engineering, Second Edition, updates both the new and veteran engineer on how to employ day-to-day production fundamentals to solve real-world challenges with modern technology. Enhanced to include equations and references with today’s more complex systems, such as working with horizontal wells, workovers, and an entire new section of chapters dedicated to flow assurance, this go-to reference remains the most all-inclusive source for answering all upstream and midstream production issues. Completely updated with five sections covering the entire production spectrum, including well productivity, equipment and facilities, well stimulation and workover, artificial lift methods, and flow assurance, this updated edition continues to deliver the most practical applied production techniques, answers, and methods for today’s production engineer and manager. In addition, updated Excel spreadsheets that cover the most critical production equations from the book are included for download. Updated to cover today’s critical production challenges, such as flow assurance, horizontal and multi-lateral wells, and workovers Guides users from theory to practical application with the help of over 50 online Excel spreadsheets that contain basic production equations, such as gas lift potential, multilateral gas well deliverability, and production forecasting Delivers an all-inclusive product with real-world answers for training or quick look up solutions for the entire petroleum production spectrum

Download or read book Developments in Modeling and Optimization of Production in Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs written by Wei Yu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nodal Analysis of Oil and Gas Production Systems written by Jan Dirk Jansen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nodal Analysis of Oil and Gas Production Systems provides a modern view on the use of nodal analysis techniques to optimize the production from oil and gas wells. It covers multiphase flow through flow lines, wells, chokes and the near-well reservoir. It teaches the development of mathematical models for those system elements, and how to implement these in computer code. It explains the underlying physics, starting from first principles whenever possible, and reverting to empirical correlations whenever necessary. It covers the essential concepts in nodal analysis of a well system and aims at.

Download or read book Predictive and Production Analysis Models for the Unconventional Gas Reservoirs written by Shahab Gerami and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book FOCAPD 19 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Foundations of Computer Aided Process Design July 14 18 2019 written by Salvador Garcia Munoz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-09 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FOCAPD-19/Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, July 14 - 18, 2019, compiles the presentations given at the Ninth International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, FOCAPD-2019. It highlights the meetings held at this event that brings together researchers, educators and practitioners to identify new challenges and opportunities for process and product design. Combines presentations from the Ninth International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, FOCAPD-2019

Download or read book Advances in the Exploration and Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas From the Integration of Geology and Engineering written by Shang Xu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Data Analytics in Reservoir Engineering written by Sathish Sankaran and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data Analytics in Reservoir Engineering describes the relevance of data analytics for the oil and gas industry, with particular emphasis on reservoir engineering.

Download or read book Production Optimization written by Howard Dale Beggs and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computer aided process Design and Optimization written by Khondaker Ashraful Islam and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analytical Investigation of Unconventional Reservoir Performance During Early transient Multi phase Flow Conditions written by Miao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional gas resources accounted for more than 50% of total U.S. gas production in 2012 and its contribution is expected to increase to 75% by 2040 (EIA, 2015). In these unconventional gas reservoirs, reservoir and fluid characteristics can be significantly different from those in conventional resources, rendering traditional production data analysis methods inadequate. Those effects include long-time transient periods due to ultra-low permeability, pressure-dependent permeability and exemplified large capillary pressure. Development of reliable analysis methods to successfully capture these complex effects demands the formulation of new solutions to the governing flow equations which consider these complex nonlinearities. It is the interest of this study to develop more rigorous performance models for these types of systems derived from fundamental governing flow equations. This study presents a series of novel and rigorous semi-analytical solutions to the governing partial differential equations applicable to single-phase gas and multiphase flow in unconventional reservoirs. Focusing on early-transient periods, the proposed semi-analytical method utilizes similarity theory to transform the system of nonlinear PDEs to ordinary differential form, which is later solved via shooting method coupled Runge-Kutta numerical integration. The work starts with early-transient single-phase gas flow in linear and radial flow regimes under constant pressure and rate production conditions, followed by its direct extension to multiphase flow system using the black-oil fluid formulation. The application of the proposed multiphase flow solution to actual productionhighlighting producing gas-oil-ratio predictionis also discussed. Additionally, the proposed semi-analytical solution is proven capable of solving the multiphase flow equations under fully compositional fluid formulation. In the last chapter, capillary pressure effectsa multiphase flow effect widely recognized to be significant in unconventional system due to nano-scale pore sizeis studied using the proposed semi-analytical method. Besides studying capillary pressure as an additional pressure drop on fluid flow, the effect of capillary pressure on phase behavior and properties is also analyzed. All the results in this work are validated by matching with finely-gridded commercial numerical simulator.

Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Semi Analytical Analysis of the Gas and Water Forecasts from Unconventional Reservoirs written by Abdulla Saleh Alzaabi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Material balance is an essential reservoir engineering tool that is used to determine original hydrocarbon in place and the production performance of a reservoir. There are several types of material-balance approaches developed, each with its own application. Such approaches include integral material balance, differential material balance and flowing material balance. In this thesis, a form of differential material balance, similar to the one developed by Muskat for Solution Gas Drive Reservoirs, has been derived for unconventional gas-water reservoirs impacted by adsorption. Originally, the developed Muskat-type equation is in the pressure domain, but it can also be derived in other domains such as the time domain and the cumulative produced fluids domains. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are then solved using fourth order Runge-Kutta method which is a traditional ODE solver. The system of two differential equations for the Muskat-type equation in the time domain (time as an independent variable), are formulated with pressure and water saturation as the dependent variables. These resulting ODEs are then used to forecast and analyze the production profiles of a gas-water reservoir considering adsorption. The semi-analytical model is then validated internally using finite difference and analytical rate derivative equations, and externally by benchmarking it with a numerical simulator. The significant factor that caused the disparity between the semi-analytical model proposed in this study and the numerical simulator is the time it takes to reach pseudo-steady state flow (t_pss) with lower times producing better results. At t_pss less than 0.111 days , numerical simulation is almost replaceable in forecasting rates. However, at t_pss less than 0.717 days, cumulative gas produced can be accurately forecasted. This is to be expected and a reservoir simulator is fully transient, while material balance is based on the pseudo steady-state flow regime. This study provided a unique opportunity to investigate the characteristics of the production profile such as the peak rate and the observed inflection points while also identifying the reservoir parameters that affect them. Moreover, an equation has been developed that can be used to identify and describe the peak rate. This equation makes use of the byproduct of the Muskat-type equation ((dS_w)/dP) which can be modified in terms of rock and fluid properties to aid in history matching. Furthermore, three well specifications were investigated (constant well pressure, constant drawdown, and constant water production rate) with only two of the three producing a peak rate no peak gas production rate was observed for water rate specified wells. This study also showed that material balance can be used to replace decline curve analysis under certain conditions. This is mainly due to the reduced time to pseudo-steady state (t_pss) caused by the low total compressibility (rock and water), high permeability, low water viscosity, and low drainage area. At a threshold of t_pss less than 0.178 days, an accurate late-time forecast can be attained.Since the proposed semi-analytical model provided water saturation values for different pressures, a non-iterative methodology has been developed to improve upon Kings (G. R. King, 1993) iterative integral material balance equation for unconventional reservoirs.Through this study, a number of significant observations were made. It was found that at a low rock compressibility, the change in saturation over time can be estimated using the water production profile and initial porosity and water formation volume factor. Also, the saturation of gas can be estimated using the percentage of water produced from the original water in place (OWIP), adjusted for desorption time, at an increasing accuracy as the rock compressibility is decreased. Additionally, the cause of a phenomenon known as dual peaking which occurs in field and simulation data of CBM reservoirs has been identified to be due to the transient-state production.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Gas Reservoir Engineering written by Jacques Hagoort and published by Elsevier Science Limited. This book was released on 1988 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas reservoir engineering is the branch of reservoir engineering that deals exclusively with reservoirs of non-associated gas. The prime purpose of reservoir engineering is the formulation of development and production plans that will result in maximum recovery for a given set of economic, environmental and technical constraints. This is not a one-time activity but needs continual updating throughout the production life of a reservoir. The objective of this book is to bring together the fundamentals of gas reservoir engineering in a coherent and systematic manner. It is intended both for students who are new to the subject and practitioners, who may use this book as a reference and refresher. Each chapter can be read independently of the others and includes several, completely worked exercises. These exercises are an integral part of the book; they not only illustrate the theory but also show how to apply the theory to practical problems. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 are concerned with the basic physical properties of reservoirs and natural gas fluids, insofar as of relevance to gas reservoir engineering. Chapter 5 deals with the volumetric estimation of hydrocarbon fluids in-place and the recoverable hydrocarbon reserves of gas reservoirs. Chapter 6 presents the material balance method, a classic method for the analysis of reservoir performance based on the Law of Conservation of Mass. Chapters 7-10 discuss various aspects of the flow of natural gas in the reservoir and the wellbore: single phase flow in porous and permeable media; gaswell testing methods based on single-phase flow principles; the mechanics of gas flow in the wellbore; the problem of water coning, the production of water along with the gas in gas reservoirs with underlaying bottom water. Chapter 11 discusses natural depletion, the common development option for dry and wet gas reservoirs. The development of gas-condensate reservoirs by gas injection is treated in Chapter 12. Appendix A lists the commonly used units in gas reservoir engineering, along with their conversion factors. Appendix B includes some special physical and mathematical constants that are of particular interest in gas reservoir engineering. Finally, Appendix C contains the physical properties of some common natural-gas components.