Download or read book Compliance and Compromise written by Cher Weixia Chen and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compliance and Compromise examines the status of gender pay equity that has been largely overlooked and how domestic legal systems respond to the ILO Convention No. 100 on Equal Remuneration, with the novel application of the theory “transnational legal process”.
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Download or read book Compromising Compliance The IRS Offer in Compromise Program and Opportunities for Reform written by Joseph Dugan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal Revenue Code section 7122 provides that “the Secretary may compromise any civil or criminal case arising under the internal revenue laws . . . .” This simple language supplies a statutory hook for the Internal Revenue Service's (IRS's) “Offer in Compromise” (OIC) program, one of the most important collection alternatives available for taxpayers who dispute an assessed liability or who acknowledge their debt but cannot afford to pay in full. Through the OIC program, the IRS aims to achieve collection at the earliest possible time and at the least cost to the Government while simultaneously creating for the taxpayer an expectation of a fresh start toward future tax compliance.Unfortunately, public perception may not correspond with the IRS's goals. A casual Internet search reveals dozens of websites promising to settle tax debts for pennies on the dollar, and “offer mills” across the nation promise a quick, cheap resolution and minimal contact with the IRS -- a “get-out-of-jail-free” card without further consequences. To date, the IRS has done relatively little to counter the offer-mill hype or take back the narrative.This paper argues that, with some careful adjustments, the OIC program could become a powerful compliance mechanism. The key is to treat the OIC process as an opportunity for robust taxpayer education. Drawing on the scholarly literature regarding compliance norms and on sociological research concerning poverty concentration, the paper proposes that an education-driven OIC model could transform taxpayer-offerors into ambassadors who promote norms of tax compliance in low-income communities where traditional IRS messaging has failed. The paper offers a five-part strategy, with a balance of “carrots and sticks,” to achieve this positive compliance outcome.
Download or read book Compromised Compliance written by Howard Ball and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1982-03-15 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Auditing Standards 2018 Revision written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2019-03-24 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Audits provide essential accountability and transparency over government programs. Given the current challenges facing governments and their programs, the oversight provided through auditing is more critical than ever. Government auditing provides the objective analysis and information needed to make the decisions necessary to help create a better future. The professional standards presented in this 2018 revision of Government Auditing Standards (known as the Yellow Book) provide a framework for performing high-quality audit work with competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence to provide accountability and to help improve government operations and services. These standards, commonly referred to as generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS), provide the foundation for government auditors to lead by example in the areas of independence, transparency, accountability, and quality through the audit process. This revision contains major changes from, and supersedes, the 2011 revision.
Download or read book Too Big to Jail written by Brandon L. Garrett and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American courts routinely hand down harsh sentences to individual convicts, but a very different standard of justice applies to corporations. Too Big to Jail takes readers into a complex, compromised world of backroom deals, for an unprecedented look at what happens when criminal charges are brought against a major company in the United States. Federal prosecutors benefit from expansive statutes that allow an entire firm to be held liable for a crime by a single employee. But when prosecutors target the Goliaths of the corporate world, they find themselves at a huge disadvantage. The government that bailed out corporations considered too economically important to fail also negotiates settlements permitting giant firms to avoid the consequences of criminal convictions. Presenting detailed data from more than a decade of federal cases, Brandon Garrett reveals a pattern of negotiation and settlement in which prosecutors demand admissions of wrongdoing, impose penalties, and require structural reforms. However, those reforms are usually vaguely defined. Many companies pay no criminal fine, and even the biggest blockbuster payments are often greatly reduced. While companies must cooperate in the investigations, high-level employees tend to get off scot-free. The practical reality is that when prosecutors face Hydra-headed corporate defendants prepared to spend hundreds of millions on lawyers, such agreements may be the only way to get any result at all. Too Big to Jail describes concrete ways to improve corporate law enforcement by insisting on more stringent prosecution agreements, ongoing judicial review, and greater transparency.
Download or read book Compliance Or Compromise written by Lisa Dalsimer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Compliance written by Benjamin van Rooij and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 1559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compliance has become key to our contemporary markets, societies, and modes of governance across a variety of public and private domains. While this has stimulated a rich body of empirical and practical expertise on compliance, thus far, there has been no comprehensive understanding of what compliance is or how it influences various fields and sectors. The academic knowledge of compliance has remained siloed along different disciplinary domains, regulatory and legal spheres, and mechanisms and interventions. This handbook bridges these divides to provide the first one-stop overview of what compliance is, how we can best study it, and the core mechanisms that shape it. Written by leading experts, chapters offer perspectives from across law, regulatory studies, management science, criminology, economics, sociology, and psychology. This volume is the definitive and comprehensive account of compliance.
Download or read book Promoting Chemical Laboratory Safety and Security in Developing Countries written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-07 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing concern about the possible use of toxic industrial chemicals or other hazardous chemicals by those seeking to perpetrate acts of terrorism. The U.S. Chemical Security Engagement Program (CSP), funded by the U.S. Department of State and run by Sandia National Laboratories, seeks to develop and facilitate cooperative international activities that promote best practices in chemical security and safe management of toxic chemicals, including: Partnering with host governments, chemical professionals, and industry to assess and fill gaps in chemical security abroad. Providing technical expertise and training to improve best practices in security and safety among chemical professionals and industry. Increasing transparency and accountability for dangerous chemical materials, expertise, and technologies. Providing opportunities for collaboration with the international professional chemical community. The Department of State called on the National Academies to assist in the CSP's efforts to promote chemical safety and security in developing countries.
Download or read book The Power of Legitimacy written by Christopher Gelpi and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major departure from mainstream security studies, this book mounts a thoughtful challenge to realist theories of crisis bargaining. It tests the proposition that normative standards of behavior influence state actions in security-related conflicts. Specifically, it examines the construction of bilateral norms as the settlements of security-related disputes and the effects these settlements have on subsequent interactions over the same issue. Drawing on institutionalist arguments about the informational impact of norms, Christopher Gelpi contends that norms act as signals that give meaning to other states' behavior in at least two important ways. First, they provide a mutually acceptable focal point for limiting both demands and concessions. Second, security norms change the context in which coercive behavior is interpreted. That is, norms can cause coercive behavior to be interpreted as punishment rather than aggression. Gelpi tests this argument against its most prominent competitor--a realist model of crisis bargaining--in three stages. First, he uses a probit analysis to perform a quantitative test on the population of 122 reinitiated international crises between 1929 and 1979. Second, he conducts detailed case studies of the Cienfuegos Submarine Conflict and the Six Day War. Finally, he conducts a second statistical analysis examining the conditions under which security norms will succeed or fail. While hypotheses derived from realist coercion theory receive only mixed support, Gelpi finds strong evidence that states can and do construct normative standards that guide their behavior in international crises.
Download or read book IRS Offer in Compromise written by Attorney Robert Schaller and published by Attorney Robert Schaller. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attorney Robert Schaller and the Schaller Law Firm offers tax professionals in IRS Offer in Compromise: A Treatise for Attorneys, CPAs, Accountants & Tax Preparers a scholarly treatise on the IRS program that relieves taxpayers from crushing IRS back-taxes. This is a must-have resource book for any tax professional offering Offer in Compromise services. Citing specific authorities, this book offers a deep dive into the U.S. Tax Code, Treasury regulations, court opinions, the Internal Revenue Manual, and IRS Revenue Procedures that comprise the IRS’ Offer in Compromise program. The 12-page Table of Contents, 27-page Table of Authorities, and 18-page Index aids a tax professional’s scholarly understanding. IRS Offer in Compromise: A Treatise for Attorneys, CPAs, Accountants & Tax Preparers begins in Chapters 1 thru 3 with an overview of the U.S. Tax Code, Treasury Regulations, court rulings, Internal Revenue Manual, and IRS Revenue Procedures. Next, the IRS collection apparatus is explained, including bank levies, wage garnishments, and federal tax liens. Chapter 4 discusses the IRS’ authority, motivation, and basis to eliminate back-taxes, including doubt as to collectability offers, effective tax administration offers, and doubt as to liability offers. This book is focused on doubt as to collectability offers only. An overview of the Offer in Compromise process is provided in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 considers the seminal question: who should submit the Offer in Compromise application? Payment issues associated with an Offer in Compromise application are considered in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 analyzes the key issue of whether the Offer in Compromise application is “processable” and qualifies for further review. Chapters 9 thru 12 address the calculation of the minimum amount that a taxpayer must offer to eliminate all back-taxes. Chapter 9 presents the secret formula for calculating the lowest offer amount acceptable to the IRS, including a discussion of the “reasonable collection potential” or RCP. Chapter 10 explains the asset valuation component of the formula. The income and expense components of the formula are discussed in Chapters 11 and 12 respectively. Chapter 13 provides a line-by-line analysis of the essential document – IRS Form 656, Offer in Compromise. Chapters 14 and 15 provide a line-by-line analysis of IRS Forms 433-A & B (OIC), Collection Information Statements. Chapter 16 considers the need for a “collateral agreement.” Chapter 17 explains a taxpayer’s obligations during the IRS investigation of an Offer in Compromise. “Terminating” a pending offer is considered in Chapter 18. “Withdrawing” a pending application is reviewed in Chapter 19. Chapter 20 analyzes the IRS’ decision whether to “return” an offer, including returning unprocessable applications and processable applications. Chapter 21 discusses the IRS analysis behind “rejecting” an Offer in Compromise application. The IRS’ decision process in “accepting” an Offer in Compromise application is explored in Chapter 22. The taxpayer’s duties post-acceptance are reviewed in Chapter 23. Chapter 24 examines a taxpayer’s “default” of the accepted agreement’s terms. Chapter 25 explores a taxpayer’s right to receive tax refunds. Chapter 26 explains a taxpayer’s appellate right to review an IRS rejection. Chapters 27 thru 29 discuss an Offer in Compromise’s affect upon levies, garnishments, installment agreements, and trust fund and trust fund recovery penalties. Chapters 30 and 31 encompass a host of miscellaneous issues, including public disclosures, assessment period and collection period extensions, and bankruptcy. Chapter 32 explains powers of attorney, including a line-by-line analysis of IRS Form 2848, Power of Attorney. Finally, Chapter 33 reviews third-party authorizations including a line-by-line analysis of IRS Form 8821, Tax Information Authorization.
Download or read book Federal Contract Compliance Manual written by United States. Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Revenue Officer written by United States. Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Options for Cable Legislation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications, Consumer Protection, and Finance and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Detection of Foreign Bribery written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention focuses on enforcement through the criminalisation of foreign bribery but it is multidisciplinary and includes key requirements to combat money laundering, accounting fraud, and tax evasion connected to foreign bribery. The first step, however, in enforcing foreign bribery and related offences is effective detection. This study looks at the primary sources of detection for the foreign bribery offence and the role that certain public agencies and private sector actors can play in uncovering this crime. It examines the practices developed in different sectors and countries which have led to the successful detection of foreign bribery with a view to sharing good practices and improving countries’ capacity to detect and ultimately step-up efforts against transnational bribery. The study covers a wide range of potential sources for detecting foreign bribery: self-reporting; whistleblowers and whistleblower protection; confidential informants and cooperating witnesses; media and investigative journalism; tax authorities; financial intelligence units; other government agencies; criminal and other legal proceedings; international co-operation and professional advisers.
Download or read book The Collection Process income Tax Accounts written by United States. Internal Revenue Service and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Critical Whiteness Studies in Education written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Critical Whiteness Studies in Education offers readers a broad summary of the multifaceted and interdisciplinary field of critical whiteness studies, the study of white racial identities in the context of white supremacy, in education.
