Download or read book Harnessing Microbial Peptides for Drug Discovery written by Conor Pulliam and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2024-09-19 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harnessing Microbial Peptides for Drug Discovery offers a concise introduction for researchers new to antimicrobial peptides. This primer provides essential information to navigate the current scientific literature on bacterial peptide discovery. Chapter 1 surveys foundational background information on microbes’ biosynthetic potentials and two major superfamilies of bioactive peptides: ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs). Chapter 2 gives a brief history of traditional methods of discovery of bioactive peptides, followed by an in-depth explanation of several current and emerging methods. These current and emerging methods are bioinformatic tools applied to genome-transcriptome sequences, molecular cloning of gene constructs into plasmids for expression in heterologous hosts, and isolation and characterization of peptides via HPLC, MS, and NMR. The final chapter, Chapter 3, uses several examples of bioactive peptides to explore the diverse chemistry and biosynthesis microbes employed to produce these versatile biomolecules. In addition, this primer contains useful pedagogical features to enhance the reading experience: a pop-up glossary for seamless learning, "Insider Q&A" video interviews with expert insights, "That's a Wrap" summaries at the end of each chapter, and "Read These Next" references to aid in transitioning into the literature. Readers will gain valuable insight into peptide therapeutic discovery and avoid the major headaches that usually occur when starting a new field.

Download or read book Lasso Peptides written by Yanyan Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-21 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lasso peptides form a growing family of fascinating ribosomally-synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides produced by bacteria. They contain 15 to 24 residues and share a unique interlocked topology that involves an N-terminal 7 to 9-residue macrolactam ring where the C-terminal tail is threaded and irreversibly trapped. The ring results from the condensation of the N-terminal amino group with a side-chain carboxylate of a glutamate at position 8 or 9, or an aspartate at position 7, 8 or 9. The trapping of the tail involves bulky amino acids located in the tail below and above the ring and/or disulfide bridges connecting the ring and the tail. Lasso peptides are subdivided into three subtypes depending on the absence (class II) or presence of one (class III) or two (class I) disulfide bridges. The lasso topology results in highly compact structures that give to lasso peptides an extraordinary stability towards both protease degradation and denaturing conditions. Lasso peptides are generally receptor antagonists, enzyme inhibitors and/or antibacterial or antiviral (anti-HIV) agents. The lasso scaffold and the associated biological activities shown by lasso peptides on different key targets make them promising molecules with high therapeutic potential. Their application in drug design has been exemplified by the development of an integrin antagonist based on a lasso peptide scaffold. The biosynthesis machinery of lasso peptides is therefore of high biotechnological interest, especially since such highly compact and stable structures have to date revealed inaccessible by peptide synthesis. Lasso peptides are produced from a linear precursor LasA, which undergoes a maturation process involving several steps, in particular cleavage of the leader peptide and cyclization. The post-translational modifications are ensured by a dedicated enzymatic machinery, which is composed of an ATP-dependent cysteine protease (LasB) and a lactam synthetase (LasC) that form an enzymatic complex called lasso synthetase. Microcin J25, produced by Escherichia coli AY25, is the archetype of lasso peptides and the most extensively studied. To date only around forty lasso peptides have been isolated, but genome mining approaches have revealed that they are widely distributed among Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, particularly in Streptomyces, making available a rich resource of novel lasso peptides and enzyme machineries towards lasso topologies.

Download or read book Radical SAM Enzymes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radical SAM Enzymes, Volume 606, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on the Characterization of the glycyl radical enzyme choline trimethylamine-lyase and its radical S-adenosylmethionine activating enzyme, Diphathimide biosynthesis, Radical SAM glycyl radical activating enzymes, Radical SAM enzyme BioB in the biosynthesis of biotin, Biogenesis of the PQQ cofactor, Role of MoaAC in the biogenesis of the molybdenum cofactor, Biosynthesis of the nitrogenase cofactor, Bioinformatics of the radical SAM superfamily, The involvement of SAM radical enzymes in the biosynthesis of methanogenic coenzymes, methanopterin and coenzyme F420, and more.

Download or read book Biodiversity Ecosystem Functioning and Human Wellbeing written by Shahid Naeem and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book starts by summarizing the development of the basic science and provides a meta-analysis that quantitatively tests several biodiversity and ecosystem functioning hypotheses.

Download or read book Natural Product Biosynthesis written by Christopher T. Walsh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-04-28 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook describes the types of natural products, the biosynthetic pathways that enable the production of these molecules, and an update on the discovery of novel products in the post-genomic era.

Download or read book Streptomyces in Nature and Medicine written by D. A. Hopwood and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-02-03 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an insiders account of 50 years of genetic studies of the soil-inhabiting microbes that produce most of the antibiotics used to treat infections, as well as anti-cancer, anti-parasitic and immunosuppressant drugs. The book begins by describing how these microbes the actinomycetes were discovered in the latter part of the nineteenth century, but remained a Cinderella group until, in the 1940s, they shot to prominence with the discovery of streptomycin, the first effective treatment for tuberculosis and only the second antibiotic, after penicillin, to become a medical marvel. There followed a massive effort over several decades to find further treatments for infectious diseases and cancer, tempered by the rise of antibiotic resistance consequent on antibiotic misuse and over-use. The book goes on to describe the discovery of gene exchange in the actinomycetes in the context of the rise of microbial genetics in the mid-20th century, leading to determination of the complete DNA sequence of a model member of the group at the turn of the millennium. There follow chapters in which the intricate molecular machinery that adapts the organisms metabolism and development to life in the soil, including antibiotic production, is illuminated by the DNA blueprint. Then come an up-to-the minute account of the use of genetic engineering to make novel, hybrid, antibiotics, and a topical description of techniques to learn the roles of the thousands of genes in a genome sequence, throwing a powerful light on the biology of the organisms and their harnessing for increasing antibiotic productivity. In the final chapter we return to the mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis and leprosy, the first actinomycetes to be discovered, and how methodology, in part derived from the study of the streptomycetes, is being applied to understand and control these still deadly pathogens.

Download or read book The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-30 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.

Download or read book Plant derived Natural Products written by Anne E. Osbourn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-07 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants produce a huge array of natural products (secondary metabolites). These compounds have important ecological functions, providing protection against attack by herbivores and microbes and serving as attractants for pollinators and seed-dispersing agents. They may also contribute to competition and invasiveness by suppressing the growth of neighboring plant species (a phenomenon known as allelopathy). Humans exploit natural products as sources of drugs, flavoring agents, fragrances and for a wide range of other applications. Rapid progress has been made in recent years in understanding natural product synthesis, regulation and function and the evolution of metabolic diversity. It is timely to bring this information together with contemporary advances in chemistry, plant biology, ecology, agronomy and human health to provide a comprehensive guide to plant-derived natural products. Plant-derived natural products: synthesis, function and application provides an informative and accessible overview of the different facets of the field, ranging from an introduction to the different classes of natural products through developments in natural product chemistry and biology to ecological interactions and the significance of plant-derived natural products for humans. In the final section of the book a series of chapters on new trends covers metabolic engineering, genome-wide approaches, the metabolic consequences of genetic modification, developments in traditional medicines and nutraceuticals, natural products as leads for drug discovery and novel non-food crops.

Download or read book Bioprocess Engineering Principles written by Pauline M. Doran and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-04-03 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence and refinement of techniques in molecular biology has changed our perceptions of medicine, agriculture and environmental management. Scientific breakthroughs in gene expression, protein engineering and cell fusion are being translated by a strengthening biotechnology industry into revolutionary new products and services. Many a student has been enticed by the promise of biotechnology and the excitement of being near the cutting edge of scientific advancement. However, graduates trained in molecular biology and cell manipulation soon realise that these techniques are only part of the picture. Reaping the full benefits of biotechnology requires manufacturing capability involving the large-scale processing of biological material. Increasingly, biotechnologists are being employed by companies to work in co-operation with chemical engineers to achieve pragmatic commercial goals. For many years aspects of biochemistry and molecular genetics have been included in chemical engineering curricula, yet there has been little attempt until recently to teach aspects of engineering applicable to process design to biotechnologists.This textbook is the first to present the principles of bioprocess engineering in a way that is accessible to biological scientists. Other texts on bioprocess engineering currently available assume that the reader already has engineering training. On the other hand, chemical engineering textbooks do not consider examples from bioprocessing, and are written almost exclusively with the petroleum and chemical industries in mind. This publication explains process analysis from an engineering point of view, but refers exclusively to the treatment of biological systems. Over 170 problems and worked examples encompass a wide range of applications, including recombinant cells, plant and animal cell cultures, immobilised catalysts as well as traditional fermentation systems.* * First book to present the principles of bioprocess engineering in a way that is accessible to biological scientists* Explains process analysis from an engineering point of view, but uses worked examples relating to biological systems* Comprehensive, single-authored* 170 problems and worked examples encompass a wide range of applications, involving recombinant plant and animal cell cultures, immobilized catalysts, and traditional fermentation systems* 13 chapters, organized according to engineering sub-disciplines, are groupled in four sections - Introduction, Material and Energy Balances, Physical Processes, and Reactions and Reactors* Each chapter includes a set of problems and exercises for the student, key references, and a list of suggestions for further reading* Includes useful appendices, detailing conversion factors, physical and chemical property data, steam tables, mathematical rules, and a list of symbols used* Suitable for course adoption - follows closely curricula used on most bioprocessing and process biotechnology courses at senior undergraduate and graduate levels.

Download or read book Metabolic Pathway Engineering written by Michael E. Himmel and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates experimental and computational methodologies used to achieve cost effective biological processes for the production of fuels and biochemicals through multiple approaches to increasing yield, titers, and productivity in a robust host. The volume includes the most recent and cutting-edge aspects of pathway engineering, flux analysis, and metabolic enzyme engineering. Each chapter highlights the complexity and challenges of the problem as well as the methods used to solve this problem or changes needed in current methods. As a part of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of detailed implementation advice that gives researchers a much needed boost. Authoritative and practical, Metabolic Pathway Engineering benefits not only scientists working on more fundamental aspects of this endeavor but also those in the biochemical industry working on strain engineering for robust industrial processes.

Download or read book Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-01-03 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.

Download or read book Peptide Therapeutics written by Ved Srivastava and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peptide therapy has become a key strategy in innovative drug development, however, one of the potential barriers for the development of novel peptide drugs in the clinic is their deficiencies in clearly defined chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) strategy from clinical development to commercialization. CMC can often become a rate-limiting step due to lack of knowledge and lack of a formal policy or guidelines on CMC for peptide-based drugs. Regulators use a risk-based approach, reviewing applications on a case-by-case basis. Peptide Therapeutics: Strategy and Tactics for Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls covers efficient manufacturing of peptide drug substances, a review of the process for submitting applications to the regulatory authority for drug approval, a holistic approach for quality attributes and quality control from a regulatory perspective, emerging analytical tools for the characterisation of impurities, and the assessment of stability. This book is an essential reference work for students and researchers, in both academia and industry, with an interest in learning about CMC, and facilitating development and manufacture of peptide-based drugs.

Download or read book Non Natural Amino Acids written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By combining the tools of organic chemistry with those of physical biochemistry and cell biology, Non-Natural Amino Acids aims to provide fundamental insights into how proteins work within the context of complex biological systems of biomedical interest. The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for 40 years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. With more than 400 volumes published, each Methods in Enzymology volume presents material that is relevant in today's labs -- truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. - Demonstrates how the tools and principles of chemistry combined with the molecules and processes of living cells can be combined to create molecules with new properties and functions found neither in nature nor in the test tube - Presents new insights into the molecular mechanisms of complex biological and chemical systems that can be gained by studying the structure and function of non-natural molecules - Provides a "one-stop shop" for tried and tested essential techniques, eliminating the need to wade through untested or unreliable methods

Download or read book Engineering Natural Product Biosynthesis written by Elizabeth Skellam and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-05-07 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights natural products, molecular methods for identifying, and current trends in designing non-natural natural products. Chapters guide readers through protocols on heterologous expression techniques, gene disruption, modified pathway regulators, and in-vitro studies. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Engineering Natural Product Biosynthesis: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge. Chapter 13 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book Bioreaction Engineering Principles written by Jens Nielsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of the text "Bioreaction Engineering Principles" by Jens Nielsen and John Villadsen, originally published in 1994 by Plenum Press (now part of Kluwer). Time runs fast in Biotechnology, and when Kluwer Plenum stopped reprinting the first edition and asked us to make a second, revised edition we happily accepted. A text on bioreactions written in the early 1990's will not reflect the enormous development of experimental as well as theoretical aspects of cellular reactions during the past decade. In the preface to the first edition we admitted to be newcomers in the field. One of us (JV) has had 10 more years of job training in biotechnology, and the younger author (IN) has now received international recognition for his work with the hottest topics of "modem" biotechnology. Furthermore we are happy to have induced Gunnar Liden, professor of chemical reaction engineering at our sister university in Lund, Sweden to join us as co-author of the second edition. His contribution, especially on the chemical engineering aspects of "real" bioreactors has been of the greatest value. Chapter 8 of the present edition is largely unchanged from the first edition. We wish to thank professor Martin Hjortso from LSU for his substantial help with this chapter.

Download or read book Systems Metabolic Engineering written by Christoph Wittmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systems Metabolic Engineering is changing the way microbial cell factories are designed and optimized for industrial production. Integrating systems biology and biotechnology with new concepts from synthetic biology enables the global analysis and engineering of microorganisms and bioprocesses at super efficiency and versatility otherwise not accessible. Without doubt, systems metabolic engineering is a major driver towards bio-based production of chemicals, materials and fuels from renewables and thus one of the core technologies of global green growth. In this book, Christoph Wittmann and Sang-Yup Lee have assembled the world leaders on systems metabolic engineering and cover the full story – from genomes and networks via discovery and design to industrial implementation practises. This book is a comprehensive resource for students and researchers from academia and industry interested in systems metabolic engineering. It provides us with the fundaments to targeted engineering of microbial cells for sustainable bio-production and stimulates those who are interested to enter this exiting research field.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Enzyme Engineering written by Young Je Yoo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of enzyme engineering, from fundamental principles through to the state-of-the-art in research and industrial applications. It begins with a brief history, describing the milestones of advancement in enzyme science and technology, before going on to cover the fundamentals of enzyme chemistry, the biosynthesis of enzymes and their production. Enzyme stability and the reaction kinetics during enzymatic reactions are presented to show how enzymes function during catalysis and the factors that affect their activity. Methods to improve enzyme performance are also presented, such as cofactor regeneration and enzyme immobilization. The book emphasizes and elaborates on the performance and characteristics of enzymes at the molecular level. Finally, the book presents recent advances in enzyme engineering and some key industrial application of enzymes addressing the present needs of society. This book presents essential information not only for undergraduate and graduate students, but also for researchers in academia and industry, providing a valuable reference for the development of commercial applications of enzyme technology.