Download or read book Comparison of Soil Vapor Sampling Using Solid Phase Microextraction and EPA Method TO 14 written by Marlon Smith and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Download or read book Demonstration and Validation of the Use of Passive Samplers for Monitoring Soil Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air written by Todd Arthur McAlary and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis documents a demonstration/validation of passive diffusive samplers for assessing soil vapor, indoor air and outdoor air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at sites with potential human health risks attributable to subsurface vapor intrusion to indoor air. The study was funded by the United States (U.S.) Department of Defense (DoD) and the U.S. Department of the Navy (DoN). The passive samplers tested included: SKC Ultra and Ultra II, Radiello®, Waterloo Membrane Sampler (WMS), Automated Thermal Desorption (ATD) tubes, and 3M OVM 3500. The program included laboratory testing under controlled conditions for 10 VOCs (including chlorinated ethenes, ethanes, and methanes, as well as aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons), spanning a range of properties and including some compounds expected to pose challenges (naphthalene, methyl ethyl ketone). Laboratory tests were performed under conditions of different temperature (17 to 30 oC), relative humidity (30 to 90 % RH), face velocity (0.014 to 0.41 m/s), concentration (1 to 100 parts per billion by volume [ppbv]) and sample duration (1 to 7 days). These conditions were selected to challenge the samplers across a range of conditions likely to be encountered in indoor and outdoor air field sampling programs. A second set of laboratory tests were also conducted at 1, 10 and 100 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to evaluate concentrations of interest for soil vapor monitoring using the same 10 VOCs and constant conditions (80% RH, 30 min exposure, 22 oC). Inter-laboratory testing was performed to assess the variability attributable to the differences between several laboratories used in this study. The program also included field testing of indoor air, outdoor air, sub-slab vapor and deeper soil vapor at several DoD facilities. Indoor and outdoor air samples were collected over durations of 3 to 7 days, and Summa canister samples were collected over the same durations as the passive samples for comparison. Subslab and soil vapor samples were collected with durations ranging from 10 min to 12 days, at depths of about 15 cm (immediately below floor slabs), 1.2 m and 3.7 m. Passive samplers were employed with uptake rates ranging from about 0.05 to almost 100 mL/min and analysis by both thermal desorption and solvent extraction. Mathematical modeling was performed to provide theoretical insight into the potential behavior of passive samplers in the subsurface, and to help select those with uptake rates that would minimize the risk of a negative bias from the starvation effect (which occurs when a passive sampler with a high uptake rate removes VOC vapors from the surroundings faster than they are replenished, resulting in biased concentrations). A flow-through cell apparatus was tested as an option for sampling existing sub-surface probes that are too small to accommodate a passive sampler or sampling a slip-stream of a high-velocity gas (e.g., vent-pipes of mitigation systems). The results of this demonstration show that all of the passive samplers provided data that met the performance criteria for accuracy and precision (relative percent difference less than 45 % for indoor air or 50% for soil vapor compared to conventional active samples and a coefficient of variation less than 30%) under some or most conditions. Exceptions were generally attributable to one or more of five possible causes: poor retention of analytes by the sorbent in the sampler; poor recovery of the analytes from the sorbent; starvation effects, uncertainty in the uptake rate for the specific combination of sampler/compound/conditions, or blank contamination. High (or positive) biases were less common than low biases, and attributed either to blank contamination, or to uncertainty in the uptake rates. Most of the passive samplers provided highly reproducible results throughout the demonstrations. This is encouraging because the accuracy can be established using occasional inter-method verification samples (e.g., conventional samples collected beside the passive samples for the same duration), and the field-calibrated uptake rates will be appropriate for other passive samples collected under similar conditions. Furthermore, this research demonstrated for the first time that passive samplers can be used to quantify soil vapor concentrations with accuracy and precision comparable to conventional methods. Passive samplers are generally easier to use than conventional methods (Summa canisters and active ATD tubes) and minimal training is required for most applications. A modest increase in effort is needed to select the appropriate sampler, sorbent and sample duration for the site-specific chemicals of concern and desired reporting limits compared to Summa canisters and EPA Method TO-15. As the number of samples in a given program increases, the initial cost of sampling design becomes a smaller fraction of the overall total cost, and the passive samplers gain a significant cost advantage because of the simplicity of the sampling protocols and reduced shipping charges.
Download or read book ORD Publications Announcement written by Center for Environmental Research Information (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Field manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manufactured Gas Plant Remediation written by Allen W. Hatheway and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The assessment, remediation, and redevelopment of manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites pose a significant technical and financial challenge to successor property owners, including municipalities and other public entities undertaking brownfields revitalization, and to their consulting environmental engineers. Due to the toxicity of many coal tar constituents, sites contaminated as a result of gasworks operations pose a significant threat to public health. This book will discuss the history of the manufactured gas industry in Massachusetts (the largest in the US), as well as the toxicity of gasworks waste products, technical challenges in the cleanup process, and the process for site cleanups.
Download or read book Environmental Investigation and Remediation written by Thomas K.G. Mohr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-02 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with updated information, equations, tables, figures, and citations, Environmental Investigation and Remediation: 1,4-Dioxane and Other Solvent Stabilizers, Second Edition provides the full range of information on 1,4-dioxane. It offers passive and active remediation strategies and treatment technologies for 1,4-dioxane in groundwater and provides the technical resources to help readers choose the best methods for their particular situation. This new edition includes all new information on remediation costs and reflects the latest research in the field. It includes new practical case studies to illustrate the concepts presented, including 1,4-dioxane occurrence in Long Island and the Cape Fear watershed in North Carolina. Features: Fully updated throughout to reflect the most recent research on 1,4-dioxane Describes the nature and extent of 1,4-dioxane releases, their regulation, and their remediation in a variety of geologic settings Examines 1,4-dioxane analytical chemistry, its many industrial uses, and 1,4-dioxane occurrence as a byproduct in production of many products Provides ample site data for recent and relevant remediation case studies, and a review of the widely varying regulatory landscape for 1,4-dioxane cleanup levels and drinking water limits Discusses the importance of accounting for contaminant archeology in investigating contaminated sites, and leveraging solvent stabilizers in forensic investigations While written primarily for practicing professionals, such as environmental consultants and attorneys, water utility engineers, and laboratory managers, the book will also appeal to researchers and academics as well. This new edition serves as a highly useful reference on the occurrence, sampling and analysis, and remedial investigation and design for 1,4-dioxane and related contaminants.
Download or read book Establishing a Relationship Between Passive Soil Vapor and Grab Sample Techniques for Determining Volatile Organic Compounds written by Alan Dole Hewitt and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Analytical Science written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 5142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set is a definitive collection of articles covering the latest technologies in application areas such as medicine, environmental science, food science and geology. Meticulously organized, clearly written and fully interdisciplinary, the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set provides foundational knowledge across the scope of modern analytical chemistry, linking fundamental topics with the latest methodologies. Articles will cover three broad areas: analytical techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, atomic spectrometry); areas of application (e.g., forensic, environmental and clinical); and analytes (e.g., arsenic, nucleic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), providing a one-stop resource for analytical scientists. Offers readers a one-stop resource with access to information across the entire scope of modern analytical science Presents articles split into three broad areas: analytical techniques, areas of application and and analytes, creating an ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals Provides concise and accessible information that is ideal for non-specialists and readers from undergraduate levels and higher
Download or read book Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring written by Richard Greenwood and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2007-07-03 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring pollutants in air, soil and water is a routine requirement in the workplace, and in the wider environment. Passive samplers can provide a representative picture of levels of pollutants over a period of time from days to months by measuring the average concentrations to which they have been exposed. Air monitors are widely used, for instance to measure the exposure of workers to volatile compounds, but also for monitoring the fate of pollutants in the atmosphere. Passive sampling devices are now becomining increasingly used to monitor pollutants in rivers, coastal waters and ground water where contamination results from sources such as domestic and industrial discharges, and the use of agrochemicals. Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring provides a timely collection of information on a set of techniques that help monitor the quality of air, surface and ground waters. Passive sampling can provide an inexpensive means of obtaining a representative picture of quality over a period of time, even where levels of pollutants fluctuate due to discontinuous discharges or seasonal application of chemicals such as pesticides. Recent changes in legislation have increased the pressure to obtain better information than that provided by classical infrequent spot sampling.Brought together in one source, this book looks at the performance of a range of devices for the passive sampling of metals, and of non-polar and polar organic chemicals in air and in water. The strengths and weaknesses and the range of applicability of the technology are considered.
Download or read book Overview of On site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction written by Janusz Pawliszyn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relatively new technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an important tool to prepare samples both in the lab and on-site. SPME is a "green" technology because it eliminates organic solvents from analytical laboratory and can be used in environmental, food and fragrance, and forensic and drug analysis. This handbook offers a thorough background of the theory and practical implementation of SPME. SPME protocols are presented outlining each stage of the method and providing useful tips and potential pitfalls. In addition, devices and fiber coatings, automated SPME systems, SPME method development, and In Vivo applications are discussed. This handbook is essential for its discussion of the latest SPME developments as well as its in depth information on the history, theory, and practical application of the method. - Practical application of Solid Phase Microextraction methods including detailed steps - Provides history of extraction methods to better understand the process - Suitable for all levels, from beginning student to experienced practitioner
Download or read book Solvent Microextraction written by John M Kokosa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-05 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers both a practical as well a theoretical approach to Solvent Microextraction (SME) and will help analytical chemists to evaluate SME for a given sample preparation. Introductory chapters overview a comparison of SME with other sample preparation methods, a summary of the technical aspects, and a detailed theoretical treatment of SME. The book then describes the practical aspects of the technique, with detailed “how to” chapters devoted to the preparation and analysis of atmospheric, solid and liquid environmental, clinical and industrial samples. This text will serve as both a handy laboratory desk-reference and an indispensible instructional tool.
Download or read book Environmental Contamination Solutions for Complex Heterogeneous Systems written by Ravi Naidu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-07 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook written by Randy D. Down and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive resource for information about differenttechnologies and methods to measure and analyze contamination ofair, water, and soil. * Serves as a technical reference in the field of environmentalscience and engineering * Includes information on instrumentation used for measurement andcontrol of effluents and emissions from industrial facilities thatcan directly influence the environment * Focuses on applications, making it a practical reference tool
