Download or read book Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models written by S Halldin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models includes results of comparisons and tests on micrometeorological and hydrological models against independent field data gathered from an International Union of Forestry Research Organizations workshop. The comparisons are made using the SWECON computer by means of the ECODATA program package and the SIMP simulation package. This book is divided into four sections, covering data and computer facilities; atmospheric exchange and radiation models; soil water and interception models; and comparison of models. The first part includes discussion on the climatic data and databases; evapotranspiration measurements; instrumentation; data gathering and processing; the storage, retrieval and analysis of continuously recorded ecosystems data; and the SIMP-interactive mini-computer package for simulating dynamic and static models. The second part presents the MICROWEATHER simulation model that is applied to a forest; the energy exchange model of a pine forest canopy; the simulation of the quality and quantity of short-wave radiation within and above canopies; and the physical model to simulate energy exchange of plant canopies. The third part offers the model HEJMDAL, which simulates water state and flow in the soil-plant-atmosphere system; the water regime of forests and meadow model; the annual energy and water flow in a layered soil model; and the model ETFOREST for the calculation of the actual evapotranspiration. The last section presents a comparison of radiation models, energy exchange models, and interception models.
Download or read book Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models written by Sven Halldin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models written by S. Halldin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models written by IUFRO. and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Forest Water and Energy and Exchange Models Proceedings written by S. Halldin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models written by Swen Halldin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models written by S. Halldin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models Proc of IUFRO Workshop Held Uppsala 24 30 Sept 1978 written by S. Halldin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparison of Forest Water and Energy Exchange Models Proceedings of an IUFRO Workshop Held at Uppsala September 24th 30th 1978 written by S. Halldin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Forest Atmosphere Interaction written by B.A. Hutchison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of meteorological phenomena upon forest produc tivity and forestry operations have been of concern for many years. With the evolution of system-level studies of forest eco system structure and function in the International Biological Program and elsewhere, more fundamental interactions between forest ecosystems and the atmosphere received scientific atten tion but the emphasis on meteorological and climatological effects on forest processes remained. More recently, as recogni tion has developed of potential and actual problems associated with the atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition of airborne pollutants, the effects of forest canopies upon boundary-layer meteorological phenomena has come under scientific scrutiny. Looking to the future, with rising atmospheric con centrations of C02 and increasing competition for the finite fresh-water resources of the earth, interest in the role of forests in global C02 and water balances can also be expected to intensify. Thus, the nature of forest canopy-atmosphere interac tions, that is to say, the meteorological phenomena occurring in and above forest canopies, are of importance to a wide variety of scientific and social-issues. Demands for forest meteorological information currently exceed levels of knowledge and given the economic constraints of science in general and environmental sciences in particular, chances for major improvements in scien tific support in the near future are slim. Unfortunately, studies of environmental phenomena in and above forests are costly and logistically difficult. Trees, the ecological dominants of forest ecosystems, are the largest of all terrestrial organisms.
Download or read book General Technical Report NC written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings International Symposium Frozen Soil Impacts on Agricultural Range and Forest Lands written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Environmental Monitoring in the Nordic Countries written by and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Miljørapport 1989:11
Download or read book Variations in the Global Water Budget written by F.A. Street-Perrott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: R.E. Newell President, International Commission on Climate International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics Water is the active ingredient in the global climatic system, its physical properties ensuring that it plays a major role. Its high thermal capacity provides a mechanism for moderating mid latitude winter temperatures; solar energy is absorbed by the surface layers of the middle latitude oceans in summer and is released to the atmosphere in winter as the ocean cools. The variation of saturation vapour pressure with temperature is the factor which causes oceanic surface temperatures at low latitudes to be limited by evaporation to values near 29°C, thereby limiting tropical marine air temperatures to about the same value. The substantial amount of energy involved in phase changes - the latent heat - governs the passage of solar energy to the atmo sphere; visible solar radiation is absorbed at the Earth's surface, energy is supplied to evaporate water and the latent heat is released to the atmosphere when and where condensation occurs, which is often a considerable distance from the source of the moisture. The infrared radiative characteristics of water vapour, namely the broad vibration-rotation bands typical of a triatomic molecule, permit it to act as the principal agent of energy loss from the atmosphere, throu?,h infrared radiation to space.
Download or read book Subsurface Hydrological Responses to Land Cover and Land Use Changes written by Makoto Taniguchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since human beings first appeared on the earth, we have changed land cover and land use for our own purposes, such as conveniences and high productivity. As a result of the land cover and land use changes, many serious environmental problems occur on the earth. Studying meteorological and hydrological effects of vegetation and land cover/use changes helps us to understand the environmental changes and problems happening near the earth surface, because the vegetation distributes the solar energy and water on the earth surface into atmosphere and geosphere. Subsurface hydrological responses to land cover and land use changes have drawn only regional environmental concerns, although global change caused by biosphere change has been studied in various scientific fields. The changes in land cover and land use alter water, solute and heat cycles in basins and elements of those balances, including evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge rate, discharge rates into rivers or ocean and soil moisture content, which are directly or indirectly related to the global environmental issues. Therefore, the changes in biosphere may substantially alter the subsurface hydrological system. For instance, increased groundwater recharge rates following clearing forest into grasses might be one consequence resulting in rising water tables and salinization.
Download or read book Agrometeorology of Multiple Cropping in Warm Climates written by C. J. Stigter and published by Editions Quae. This book was released on with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen Turnover in the Soil Crop System written by J.J. Groot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Netherlands the Institute for Soil Fertility Research plays a major role in soil biological, soil physical and plant nutritional research on the availability of nitrogen to crops. Main subjects of research are nitrogen turnover in the crop-soil ecosystem through biological transformations, nitrogen transport through the soil and nitrogen losses by leaching, denitrification and volatilization, and nitrogen use efficiency of various crops and cropping systems. The current knowledge in the different fields of research is integrated in simulation models. Simulation models not only make it possible to summarize and structure knowledge, but also, after verification, to extra- late the knowledge to situations different from the situations that have actually been studied. Such research is also carried out in other European and non-European countries. To compare the various simulation models currently in use, a workshop was organized by the Institute for Soil Fertility Research on 5-6 June 1990 on the occasion of its centennial. The title of the workshop was 'Nitrogen turnover in the soil-crop ::cosystem: modelling of biological transformations, transport of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency'. The 40 Jarticipants, who came from Canada and various European countries, were requested to run their model with data Jrovided by the Institute prior to the workshop. Data from 18 cases were made available to the participants: three ocations, three treatments, and two seasons.
