Download or read book Comparing Algorithms for Estimating Foliar Biomass of Conifers in the Pacific Northwest written by Crystal Lynn Raymond and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate estimates of foliar biomass (FB) are important for quantifying carbon storage in forest ecosystems, but FB is not always reported in regional or national inventories. Foliar biomass also drives key ecological processes in ecosystem models. Published algorithms for estimating FB in conifer species of the Pacific Northwest can yield signifi cantly different results, but have not been rigorously compared for species other than Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). We compared five algorithms for estimating FB for seven common coniferous species in the Pacific Northwest. Algorithms based on diameter at breast height (DBH), or on DBH and height, consistently yield higher estimates of FB than algorithms based on sapwood area. At the tree level, differences between algorithms increased with increasing DBH for all species, but their order and magnitude differed by species. At the stand level, differences among algorithms were muted by the mix of species and diameter classes that contributed to total FB of stands of different seral stages and species composition. Significant differences among estimates of FB from different algorithms show the need for consistent methods for estimating FB for carbon accounting, tests of the sensitivity of ecosystem models to these differences, and more field observations to compare algorithms.
Download or read book Comparing algorithms for estimating foliar biomass of conifers in the Pacific Northwest written by Crystal Lynn Raymond and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate estimates of foliar biomass (FB) are important for quantifying carbon storage in forest ecosystems, but FB is not always reported in regional or national inventories. Foliar biomass also drives key ecological processes in ecosystem models. Published algorithms for estimating FB in conifer species of the Pacific Northwest can yield signifi cantly different results, but have not been rigorously compared for species other than Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). We compared five algorithms for estimating FB for seven common coniferous species in the Pacific Northwest. Algorithms based on diameter at breast height (DBH), or on DBH and height, consistently yield higher estimates of FB than algorithms based on sapwood area. At the tree level, differences between algorithms increased with increasing DBH for all species, but their order and magnitude differed by species. At the stand level, differences among algorithms were muted by the mix of species and diameter classes that contributed to total FB of stands of different seral stages and species composition. Significant differences among estimates of FB from different algorithms show the need for consistent methods for estimating FB for carbon accounting, tests of the sensitivity of ecosystem models to these differences, and more field observations to compare algorithms.
Download or read book Comparing algorithms for estimating foliar biomass of conifers in the Pacific Northwest written by Crystal Lynn Raymond and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate estimates of foliar biomass (FB) are important for quantifying carbon storage in forest ecosystems, but FB is not always reported in regional or national inventories. Foliar biomass also drives key ecological processes in ecosystem models. Published algorithms for estimating FB in conifer species of the Pacific Northwest can yield signifi cantly different results, but have not been rigorously compared for species other than Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). We compared five algorithms for estimating FB for seven common coniferous species in the Pacific Northwest. Algorithms based on diameter at breast height (DBH), or on DBH and height, consistently yield higher estimates of FB than algorithms based on sapwood area. At the tree level, differences between algorithms increased with increasing DBH for all species, but their order and magnitude differed by species. At the stand level, differences among algorithms were muted by the mix of species and diameter classes that contributed to total FB of stands of different seral stages and species composition. Significant differences among estimates of FB from different algorithms show the need for consistent methods for estimating FB for carbon accounting, tests of the sensitivity of ecosystem models to these differences, and more field observations to compare algorithms.
Download or read book Comparing Algorithms for Estimating Foliar Biomass of Conifers in Teh Pacific Northwest written by Donald McKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Paper PNW written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating Tree Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in Two Vegetation Control Treatments in an 11 year old Douglas fir Plantation on a Highly Productive Site written by Warren D. Devine and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We sampled trees grown with and without competing vegetation control in an 11-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantation on a highly productive site in southwestern Washington to create diameter- based allometric equations for estimating individual-tree bole, branch, foliar, and total aboveground biomass. We used these equations to estimate per-hectare aboveground biomass, nitrogen (N), and carbon (C) content, and compared these results to (1) estimates based on biomass equations published in other studies, and (2) estimates made using the mean-tree method rather than allometric equations. Component and total-tree biomass equations were not influenced by the presence of vegetation control, although per-hectare biomass, C, and N estimates were greater where vegetation control was applied. Our biomass estimates differed from estimates using previously published biomass equations by as much as 23 percent. When using the mean-tree biomass estimation approach, we found that incorporating a previously published biomass equation improved accuracy of the mean-tree diameter calculation.
Download or read book Twig and Foliar Biomass Estimation Equations for Major Plant Species in the Tanana River Basin of Interior Alaska Classic Reprint written by John Yarie and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-04-05 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Twig and Foliar Biomass Estimation Equations for Major Plant Species in the Tanana River Basin of Interior Alaska Forest Inventory and Analysis (fia) is a nationwide project of the usda Forest Service authorized by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978. Work units of the project, located at Forest Service Experiment Stations, conduct forest inventories throughout the 50 United States. The Pacific Northwest Research Station at Portland, Oregon, is responsible for forest inventories in Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book A Comparison of Regional and Site Specific Biomass Equations for Three North Idaho Conifers written by Ann M. Abbott and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictive equations were developed for both individual branch and total tree branch biomass, branch wood biomass, leaf biomass, and specific leaf area for grand fir (Abies grandis Douglas ex D. Don Lindl.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca), and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) in northern Idaho, USA based on observations representing a range of variability in mixed species stands. Based on two randomly selected branches from each of four crown quarters, both full and reduced models were generated to predict branch quantities, however the reduced models were able to account for nearly as much variability in the response variables as the full models. The individual branch equations were scaled to generate whole-tree biomass and leaf area estimates from which both full and reduced models were developed. All models explained a significant amount of variability in crown biomass components, resulting in an improved ability to explain crown biomass in these three species. A nonlinear mixed effects model was developed to predict branch basal diameter (mm) from the distance from the branch to the top of the tree for grand, Douglas-fir, and western hemlock in northern Idaho, USA. An asymptotic model was used to describe the nonlinear relationship with an autocorrelation term to account for the lack of independence in the residuals. As indicated by both the significance of the parameter estimates and plots of predicted values overlaid onto observed values, these models are sufficiently accurate to predict branch basal diameter in grand fir, Douglas-fir, and western hemlock. These models provide improved estimates of tree biomass for carbon accounting and improved crown biomass estimations for use in empirical modeling efforts. Douglas-fir crown biomass data from two separate studies were validated and pooled for use in examining whether a regional allometric equation for estimating crown biomass is sufficient or whether site-specific equations are required. Soil parent material was the basis for stratifying the sites in terms of soil nutrition. To account for potential confounding of site effects by climate regime, a suite of climate variables were selected using hierarchical cluster analysis and were included in the modeling as predictor variables. While diameter at breast height (DBH) accounted for most of the variability in crown biomass (R2 = 0.76), both soil parent material and climate variables added modest yet significant improvements to the model. The results suggest that interactions may be present between soil parent material and climate variables, however the sites from which the trees sampled for the two studies included in this research did not have enough variability in the climate variables to allow for full exploration of the interactions.
Download or read book Forests of Western Oregon written by Sally J. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chicago s Urban Forest Ecosystem written by E. Gregory McPherson and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Crown Fire Potential by Linking Models of Surface and Crown Fire Behavior written by Joe H. Scott and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire managers are increasingly concerned about the threat of crown fires, yet only now are quantitative methods for assessing crown fire hazard being developed. Links among existing mathematical models of fire behavior are used to develop two indices of crown fire hazard-the Torching Index and Crowning Index. These indices can be used to ordinate different forest stands by their relative susceptibility to crown fire and to compare the effectiveness of crown fire mitigation treatments. The coupled model was used to simulate the wide range of fire behavior possible in a forest stand, from a low-intensity surface fire to a high-intensity active crown fire, for the purpose of comparing potential fire behavior. The hazard indices and behavior simulations incorporate the effects of surface fuel characteristics, dead and live fuel moistures (surface and crown), slope steepness, canopy base height, canopy bulk density, and wind reduction by the canopy. Example simulations are for western Montana Pinus ponderosa and Pinus contorta stands. Although some of the models presented here have had limited testing or restricted geographic applicability, the concepts will apply to models for other regions and new models with greater geographic applicability.
Download or read book Thriving on Our Changing Planet A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live on a dynamic Earth shaped by both natural processes and the impacts of humans on their environment. It is in our collective interest to observe and understand our planet, and to predict future behavior to the extent possible, in order to effectively manage resources, successfully respond to threats from natural and human-induced environmental change, and capitalize on the opportunities â€" social, economic, security, and more â€" that such knowledge can bring. By continuously monitoring and exploring Earth, developing a deep understanding of its evolving behavior, and characterizing the processes that shape and reshape the environment in which we live, we not only advance knowledge and basic discovery about our planet, but we further develop the foundation upon which benefits to society are built. Thriving on Our Changing Planet: A Decadal Strategy for Earth Observation from Space (National Academies Press, 2018) provides detailed guidance on how relevant federal agencies can ensure that the United States receives the maximum benefit from its investments in Earth observations from space, while operating within realistic cost constraints. This short booklet, designed to be accessible to the general public, provides a summary of the key ideas and recommendations from the full decadal survey report.
Download or read book Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing written by Iain H. Woodhouse and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Microwave Remote Sensing offers an extensive overview of this versatile and extremely precise technology for technically oriented undergraduates and graduate students. This textbook emphasizes an important shift in conceptualization and directs it toward students with prior knowledge of optical remote sensing: the author dispels any linkage between microwave and optical remote sensing. Instead, he constructs the concept of microwave remote sensing by comparing it to the process of audio perception, explaining the workings of the ear as a metaphor for microwave instrumentation. This volume takes an “application-driven” approach. Instead of describing the technology and then its uses, this textbook justifies the need for measurement then explains how microwave technology addresses this need. Following a brief summary of the field and a history of the use of microwaves, the book explores the physical properties of microwaves and the polarimetric properties of electromagnetic waves. It examines the interaction of microwaves with matter, analyzes passive atmospheric and passive surface measurements, and describes the operation of altimeters and scatterometers. The textbook concludes by explaining how high resolution images are created using radars, and how techniques of interferometry can be applied to both passive and active sensors.
Download or read book Wildland Fuel Fundamentals and Applications written by Robert E. Keane and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-04 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new era in wildland fuel sciences is now evolving in such a way that fire scientists and managers need a comprehensive understanding of fuels ecology and science to fully understand fire effects and behavior on diverse ecosystem and landscape characteristics. This is a reference book on wildland fuel science; a book that describes fuels and their application in land management. There has never been a comprehensive book on wildland fuels; most wildland fuel information was put into wildland fire science and management books as separate chapters and sections. This book is the first to highlight wildland fuels and treat them as a natural resource rather than a fire behavior input. Moreover, there has never been a comprehensive description of fuels and their ecology, measurement, and description under one reference; most wildland fuel information is scattered across diverse and unrelated venues from combustion science to fire ecology to carbon dynamics. The literature and data for wildland fuel science has never been synthesized into one reference; most studies were done for diverse and unique objectives. This book is the first to link the disparate fields of ecology, wildland fire, and carbon to describe fuel science. This just deals with the science and ecology of wildland fuels, not fuels management. However, since expensive fuel treatments are being planned in fire dominated landscapes across the world to minimize fire damage to people, property and ecosystems, it is incredibly important that people understand wildland fuels to develop more effective fuel management activities.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Forest Inventories written by Claude Vidal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the current state and good practices of national forest inventories in monitoring wood resources and demonstrates pathways for harmonisation and improved common reporting. Beyond a general overview over availability and use of wood resources in different countries, it provides a unique collection of original contributions from national forest inventory experts with in-depth descriptions of current NFI methods in assessing wood availability and wood use in European countries, and selected countries from America and Asia.The main topics are national definitions and improvements in common reporting of forests available for wood supply, stem quality and assortments, estimation of change including growth and drain, and tree resources outside forest land. The book is a must-have for everyone who is contributing to national forest inventories either methodologically or operatively, for people who want or need to understand national forest inventory provided data and information on the availability of wood resources. By providing profound knowledge it is a valuable basis for scientists involved in scenario modelling and analysing effects of climate change, as well as individuals in private organisations and public administrations promoting the sustainable use of natural resources and the potential of green economy.
