Download or read book Comparative Genomics of Freshwater Bloom Forming Cyanobacteria and Associated Organisms written by Connor B. Driscoll and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of improved DNA sequencing technologies has allowed the analysis of various microbial communities. Bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacteria can produce toxins and taste-and-odor compounds that can negatively affect drinking water supplies. Here, I have employed second- and third-generation sequencing technologies to characterize bloom-forming freshwater cyanobacterial genomes and their associated heterotrophic bacteria and viruses. These include nine novel fresh- water Nostocaceae genomes, three genomes from heterotrophic bacteria associated with Aphanizomenon in a communal culture, and two novel Microcystis phage genomes. • The genomes of three novel heterotrophic bacteria associated with Apha- nizomenon flos-aquae in culture were sequenced and assembled to finished quality with long-read sequencing. These genomes were sequenced together, highlighting the potential for using long-read sequencing towards metage- nomics of low-diversity microbial communities. These genomes were ana- lyzed to assess interactions between Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and these heterotrophs in culture. The presence of an ammonium-importer gene in two of these genomes suggests a putative dependency on fixed nitrogen from Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. • The genomes of nine novel Nostocaceae genomes were sequenced and assem- bled to draft quality. Five of these genomes were assembled and extracted directly from three separate environmental short-read shotgun metagenomes. The remaining four strains were cultured, one of which was from this study (Aphanizomenon MDT14) and three that were provided by Gregory Dick’s lab at the University of Michigan (Anabaena CPCC64, Anabaena LE011- 02, and Anabaena AL09). All novel genomes were characterized relative to the rest of the Nostocaceae family to analyze evolutionary relationships and identify differences in gene content to evaluate potential phenotypic pat- terns/differences. Genes involved in toxin synthesis and sulfur metabolism are variably present in these genomes, with no patterns relative to phyloge- nomic relationships. Conversely, functionally diverse genes are present in genomes with close phylogenomic relationships. • The genomes of two novel Microcystis phages were sequenced and assem- bled to finished quality from two separate environmental short-read shotgun metagenomes. These novel genomes were similar to the previously sequenced Microcystis phages Ma-LMM01 and MaMV-DC, and all four genomes were characterized together to identify patterns of gene conservation in this ge- ographically distributed phage group. Additionally, one of the completed phages was present in samples across a 6-week time series of environmental short-read shotgun metagenomes. Patterns of gene gain/loss and divergence were then analyzed in this Microcystis phage across the time series. Host-like genes involved in photosynthesis and phosphate starvation are present in all genomes, while presence of other host-like genes is less conserved. Genomes from the environmental time-series contain differences in presence/absence of several hypothetical genes, as well as sequence divergence in the tail collar gene, which may have implications for infection in the environment.

Download or read book Physiological and molecular ecology of aquatic cyanobacteria written by Anton F Post and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cyanobacteria inhabit every illuminated environment on Earth, from polar lakes to desert crusts and through their phototrophic metabolism play essential roles in global geochemical cycles. With the discovery of marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus almost 30 years ago, cyanobacteria have now earned their place as dominant primary producers contributing over 25 percent of global photosynthesis. Their global abundance is now explained from the coexistence of ecotypes that occupy different niches along spatial and temporal gradients. New ecotypes of Synechococcus have been identified as abundant components of microbial communities in freshwater environments and marginal seas. Extensive comparative genomics of marine and freshwater picocyanobacteria have begun to unmask adaptations to light and nutrient (N, P, Fe) limitation that these diverse environments present. Novel types of cyanobacterial diazotrophy input new N and structure microbial communities in the open sea. Current challenges include the understanding of the interactions between marine cyanobacteria and other microbes in their immediate community. In contrast, mesotrophic and eutrophic environments such as the Laurentian Great Lakes have been increasingly affected by nuisance and toxic cyanobacterial blooms that have yielded severe declines in water quality. Factors promoting bloom formation and the functional roles of toxins are important issues being addressed today.

Download or read book Bioinformatics Applied to Freshwater Cyanobacterial Blooms and Cyanophage written by Andrew David Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater cyanobacterial blooms are a nuisance and health threat in the Pacific Northwest. The accepted methods of characterizing these blooms by microscopic cell counts cannot differentiate between toxic and non-toxic strains of the cyanobacterium Microcystis. Also, there is limited understanding of freshwater cyanophage that may control bloom dynamics. In order to better understand the cyanobacterial and cyanophage populations of the Klamath River, two studies were conducted. Methods in the studies were largely composed of bioinformatic techniques. First, using clone libraries to genetically track the Microcystis blooms, we found a distinct separation in bloom populations according to whether the toxin microcystin could be produced. The genotypic differences in two bloom cycles were parsed into a graphical representation, useful for describing many closely related organisms. Further investigation of the bloom community led to the isolation of the novel, freshwater Synechococcus-infecting myophage, S-CRM01. The phage is very similar in gene content to marine cyanomyophage, but differs in synteny and nucleotide composition. The bioinformatic techniques used that were either developed or customized to fit our data. Our findings indicate that the use of bioinformatic techniques will greatly increase the resolution of population and genomic studies in freshwater environments. This is apparent in the population differentiation seen throughout the bloom season in the Copco Reservoir as well as the comparative genomics of phage S-CRM01. The results of the research support the use of bioinformatics to acquire and interpret genetic data for cyanobacteria and cyanophage.

Download or read book Ecology and molecular biology of bloom forming cyanobacteria written by Petra M. Visser and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-02 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genomics of Cyanobacteria written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. The series features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume features reviews on The Genomics of Cyanobacteria. - Chapters by internationally renowned researchers share the most up-to-date knowledge on cyanobacteria - Even if you have no previous background in the subject, the book's clear language and illustrations tell you what you need to know about the biology and genomics of cyanobacteria and it highlights important directions for future research - An essential book for students and researchers

Download or read book Comprehensive Comparative Genomics to Study Complex Phenotypes in Cyanobacteria written by Marie A. Adomako and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacterial biofilms are not only important as critical components of ecological habitats, but have applications in wastewater treatment systems, bioremediation efforts, and prevention of biofouling. Strains of the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus were first isolated approximately 60 years ago, and PCC 7942 is well established as a model for photosynthesis, circadian biology, and biotechnology research. PCC 7942 is planktonic in lab conditions, but studies of biofilming mutants support a model of constitutive repression of biofilms in PCC 7942. A recent environmental isolate of S. elongatus, UTEX 3055, shares 98.46% average nucleotide identity with PCC 7942, but has unique phenotypes of phototaxis and robust biofilm formation in laboratory conditions. This genetic similarity and the constitutive repression of biofilm formation suggests that lab strains of S. elongatus may be domesticated. An approach combining comparative genomics analysis with the use of random barcoded transposon sequencing (RB-TnSeq) library screens was used to find the genetic basis of biofilm and phototaxis phenotypes in S. elongatus. This work describes the sequencing and annotation of UTEX 3055 as well as the characterization of a novel phototaxis operon in the strain; a comprehensive genome comparison of S. elongatus strains that provides a pangenome annotation, a corrected sequence for the type strain PCC 6301, and identification of genes controlling pigmentation and phototaxis phenotypes; the creation of an RB-TnSeq library in UTEX 3055 that can be used in future fitness screening experiments; and an IRB-Seq experiment in PCC 7942 that provides genetic targets to expand the current model of biofilm formation in S. elongatus.

Download or read book Studies on the Effects of Water bloom Forming Cyanobacteria Upon Conjugational Gene Transfer Between Associated Heterotrophic Bacteria written by Nigel Cook and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparative Genomics and Genome Mining Insights Into Natural Product Rich Marine Cyanobacteria written by Tiago Ferreira Leao and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous advantages of systematic genomics have been leveraged in other areas, such as transcriptomics, proteomics and human microbiome studies, but it has yet to be effective in stimulating the increased discovery of natural products (secondary metabolites). Since the discovery of the first microbial genome (2002), the surprisingly high percentage of cryptic biosynthetic pathways per genome (genes not connected to any known secondary metabolite, aka natural product) has continued as a consistent theme. Cyanobacteria from benthic environments are prolific producers of natural products but genomes from these organisms remain scarce in public repositories. Hence, this dissertation focused on sequencing and performing genomic analysis in prolific cyanobacteria collected from several tropical benthic ecosystems around the planet. First, we analyzed the relationship between a cyanobacterium host and its associated heterotrophic microbiome. By evaluation the non-axenic culture of Moorea producens JHB, we characterized a novel uncultured acidobacteria heterotroph living with the cyanobacterial host. This heterotroph was only 85% similar to the closest cultured representative, it presented a large number of genes encoding for transcriptional regulators and it was auxotrophic for several proteogenic amino acids. Next, we expanded our genome comparison by deeper analyzing 4 Moorea genomes. Our genome comparison revealed that Moorea, already a prolific producer of secondary metabolites, harbored an even richer metabolic potential, four times above the cyanobacterial average. We observed that Moorea conserved its primary metabolism while evolved an intricate secondary metabolism machinery, accounting for 20% of their genomic content. These findings were very promising for future genome mining efforts in those four strains. Thereby, we further expanded our sequencing efforts by sampling 165 metagenomes of filamentous marine cyanobacteria collected from around the globe. Our new metagenomic pipeline was able to generated 85 high-quality genomes, including 32 Moorea and 29 Okeania strains. Our genome comparison highlighted that these two genera are among the most diverse and prolific producers of natural products in our dataset (comparing pairwise 506 cyanobacterial genomes, 425 from the NCBI database). Gene networking revealed the abundance of unique (only encountered in a single strain) and "extended families" (found in several strains). Using genomes with paired mass spectrometry data, we correlated the distribution of gene families with the distribution of metabolic families and automatically annotated a new dehydromicrosclerodermin B homologue.

Download or read book Ecology Diversity and Comparative Genomics of Oceanic Cyanobacterial Viruses written by Matthew Brian Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) We used the phage g20 gene, which encodes the portal protein, to examine the diversity of Myoviridae isolates and found that g20 sequences from our isolates had high similarity to those from other cultured isolates, but not to six phylogenetic clusters of environmental g20 sequences that lacked cultured representatives. Three Prochlorococcus cyanophage genomes were sequenced and analysis of these genomes show striking similarity to the well-studied T7- and T4-like phages, but additionally suggest that these Prochlorococcus cyanophages are modified for infection of photosynthetic hosts, that live in nutrient-limited environments. All three cyanophage genomes contain, among other novel genes of interest, photosynthetic genes that are full-length, conserved, and clustered in the genome suggesting they are functional during infection. Phylogenetic inference suggests that some of these genes were horizontally transferred between host and phage influencing the evolution and ecology of both host and phage.

Download or read book Paleobotany written by Edith L. Taylor and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-01-21 with total page 1253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date coverage of fossil plants from Precambrian life to flowering plants, including fungi and algae. It begins with a discussion of geologic time, how organisms are preserved in the rock record, and how organisms are studied and interpreted and takes the student through all the relevant uses and interpretations of fossil plants. With new chapters on additional flowering plant families, paleoecology and the structure of ancient plant communities, fossil plants as proxy records for paleoclimate, new methodologies used in phylogenetic reconstruction and the addition of new fossil plant discoveries since 1993, this book provides the most comprehensive account of the geologic history and evolution of microbes, algae, fungi, and plants through time. - Major revision of a 1993 classic reference - Lavishly illustrated with 1,800 images and user friendly for use by paleobotanists, biologists, geologists and other related scientists - Includes an expanded glossary with an extensive up-to-date bibliography and a comprehensive index - Provides extensive coverage of fungi and other microbes, and major groups of land plants both living and extinct

Download or read book Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms State of the Science and Research Needs written by H. Kenneth Hudnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-13 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the ever-increasing incidence of harmful cyanobacterial algal blooms, this monograph has added urgency and will be essential reading for all sorts of researchers, from neuroscientists to cancer research specialists. The volume contains the proceedings of the 2005 International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, and has been edited by H. Kenneth Hudnell, of the US Environmental Protection Agency. It contains much of the most recent research into the subject.

Download or read book Freshwater Algae written by Edward G. Bellinger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Algae: Identification and Use as Bioindicators provides a comprehensive guide to temperate freshwater algae, with additional information on key species in relation to environmental characteristics and implications for aquatic management. The book uniquely combines practical material on techniques and water quality management with basic algal taxonomy and the role of algae as bioindicators. Freshwater Algae: Identification and Use as Bioindicators is divided into two parts. Part I describes techniques for the sampling, measuring and observation of algae and then looks at the role of algae as bioindicators and the implications for aquatic management. Part II provides the identification of major genera and 250 important species. Well illustrated with numerous original illustrations and photographs, this reference work is essential reading for all practitioners and researchers concerned with assessing and managing the aquatic environment.

Download or read book The Ecology of Cyanobacteria written by B.A. Whitton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria make a major contribution to world photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, but are also notorious for causing nuisances such as dense and often toxic `blooms' in lakes and the ocean. The Ecology of Cyanobacteria: Their Diversity in Time and Space is the first book to focus solely on ecological aspects of these organisms. Its twenty-two chapters are written by some thirty authors, who are leading experts in their particular subject. The book begins with an overview of the cyanobacteria - or blue-green algae, for those who are not specialists - then looks at their diversity in the geological record and goes on to describe their ecology in present environments where they play important roles. Why is one of the key groups of organisms in the Precambrian still one of the most important groups of phototrophs today? The importance of ecological information for rational management and exploitation of these organisms for commercial and other practical purposes is also assessed. Accounts are provided of nuisances as well as the ecology of the commercially successful Spirulina and the role of cyanobacteria in ecosystem recovery from oil pollution. Many chapters include aspects of physiology, biochemistry, geochemistry and molecular biology where these help general understanding of the subject. In addition there are three chapters dealing specifically with molecular ecology. Thirty-two pages of colour photos incorporate about seventy views and light micrographs. These features make the book valuable to a wide readership, including biologists, microbiologists, geologists, water managers and environmental consultants. The book complements the highly successful The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria already published by Kluwer.

Download or read book Cytochromes P450 Drug Metabolism Bioactivation and Biodiversity 2 0 written by Patrick M. Dansette and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, "Cytochromes P450: Drug Metabolism, Bioactivation and Biodiversity", presents five papers on human cytochrome P450 (CYP) and P450 reductase, three reviews on the role of CYPs in humans and their use as biomarkers, six papers on CYPs in microorganisms, and one study on CYP in insects. The first paper reports the in silico modeling of human CYP3A4 access channels. The second uses structural methods to explain the mechanism-based inactivation of CYP3A4 by mibefradil, 6,7-dihydroxy-bergamottin, and azamulin. The third article compares electron transfer in CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 using structural and biochemical methods, and the fourth uses kinetic methods to study electron transfer to CYP2C8 allelic mutants. The fifth article characterizes electron transfer between the reductase and CYP using in silico and in vitro methods, focusing on the conformations of the reductase. Then, two reviews describe clinical implications in cardiology and oncology and the role of fatty acid metabolism in cardiology and skin diseases. The second review is on the potential use of circulating extracellular vesicles as biomarkers. Five papers analyze the CYPomes of diverse microorganisms: the Bacillus genus, Mycobacteria, the fungi Tremellomycetes, Cyanobacteria, and Streptomyces. The sixth focuses on a specific Mycobacterium CYP, CYP128, and its importance in M. tuberculosis. The subject of the last paper is CYP in Sogatella furcifera, a plant pest, and its resistance to the insecticide sulfoxaflor.

Download or read book Freshwater Algae of North America written by John D. Wehr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 1067 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification, Second Edition is an authoritative and practical treatise on the classification, biodiversity, and ecology of all known genera of freshwater algae from North America. The book provides essential taxonomic and ecological information about one of the most diverse and ubiquitous groups of organisms on earth. This single volume brings together experts on all the groups of algae that occur in fresh waters (also soils, snow, and extreme inland environments). In the decade since the first edition, there has been an explosion of new information on the classification, ecology, and biogeography of many groups of algae, with the use of molecular techniques and renewed interest in biological diversity. Accordingly, this new edition covers updated classification information of most algal groups and the reassignment of many genera and species, as well as new research on harmful algal blooms. - Extensive and complete - Describes every genus of freshwater algae known from North America, with an analytical dichotomous key, descriptions of diagnostic features, and at least one image of every genus. - Full-color images throughout provide superb visual examples of freshwater algae - Updated Environmental Issues and Classifications, including new information on harmful algal blooms (HAB) - Fully revised introductory chapters, including new topics on biodiversity, and taste and odor problems - Updated to reflect the rapid advances in algal classification and taxonomy due to the widespread use of DNA technologies

Download or read book Handbook of Algal Science Technology and Medicine written by Ozcan Konur and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-28 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Algal Science, Microbiology, Technology and Medicine provides a concise introduction to the science, biology, technology and medical use of algae that is structured on the major research fronts of the last four decades, such as algal structures and properties, algal biomedicine, algal genomics, algal toxicology, and algal bioremediation, algal photosystems, algal ecology, algal bioenergy and biofuels. It also covers algal production for biomedicine, algal biomaterials, and algal medicinal foods within these primary sections. All chapters are authored by the leading researchers in their respective research fields. Our society currently faces insurmountable challenges in the areas of biomedicine and energy in the face of increasing global population and diminishing natural resources as well as the growing environmental and economic concerns, such as global warming, greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Algae offer a way to deal with these challenges and concerns for both sustainable and environment friendly bioenergy production and in biomedicine through the development of crucial biotechnology. Provides an essential interdisciplinary introduction and handbook for all the stakeholders engaged in science, technology and medicine of algae Covers the major research streams of the last four decades, ranging from algal structures, to algal biomedicine and algal bioremediation Fills a significant market opening for an interdisciplinary handbook on algal science, technology and medicine

Download or read book Cyanobacteria written by A.K. Mishra and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria constitute the most widely distributed group of photosynthetic prokaryotes found in almost all realms of the earth and play an important role in Earth's nitrogen and carbon cycle. The gradual transformation from reducing atmosphere to oxidizing atmosphere was a turning point in the evolutionary history of the earth and made conditions for present life forms possible. Cyanobacteria: From Basic Science to Applications is the first reference volume that comprehensively discusses all aspects of cyanobacteria, including the diverse mechanisms of cyanobacteria for the advancement of cyanobacterial abilities, towards higher biofuel productivity, enhanced tolerance to environmental stress and bioactive compounds and potential for biofertilizers. - Describes cyanobacterial diversity, stress biology, and biotechnological aspects of cyanobacteria - Explores the global importance of cyanobacteria - Provides a broad compilation of research that deals with cyanobacterial stress responses in both controlled laboratory conditions as well as in their natural environment