Download or read book Comparative Genomics of a Plant Pathogenic Fungus Pyrenophora Tritici repentis Reveals Transduplication and the Impact of Repeat Elements on Pathogenicity and Population Divergence written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a necrotrophic fungus causal to the disease tan spot of wheat, whose contribution to crop loss has increased significantly during the last few decades. Pathogenicity by this fungus is attributed to the production of host-selective toxins (HST), which are recognized by their host in a genotype-specific manner. To better understand the mechanisms that have led to the increase in disease incidence related to this pathogen, we sequenced the genomes of three P. tritici-repentis isolates. A pathogenic isolate that produces two known HSTs was used to assemble a reference nuclear genome of approximately 40 Mb composed of 11 chromosomes that encode 12,141 predicted genes. Comparison of the reference genome with those of a pathogenic isolate that produces a third HST, and a nonpathogenic isolate, showed the nonpathogen genome to be more diverged than those of the two pathogens. Examination of gene-coding regions has provided candidate pathogen-specific proteins and revealed gene families that may play a role in a necrotrophic lifestyle. Analysis of transposable elements suggests that their presence in the genome of pathogenic isolates contributes to the creation of novel genes, effector diversification, possible horizontal gene transfer events, identified copy number variation, and the first example of transduplication by DNA transposable elements in fungi. Overall, comparative analysis of these genomes provides evidence that pathogenicity in this species arose through an influx of transposable elements, which created a genetically flexible landscape that can easily respond to environmental changes.
Download or read book Genomics of Plant Associated Fungi Monocot Pathogens written by Ralph A. Dean and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-23 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how genomics has revolutionized our understanding of agriculturally important plant-associated fungi. It illustrates some fundamental discoveries about these eukaryotic microbes with regard to the overall structure of their genomes, their lifestyles and the molecular mechanisms that form the basis of their interactions with plants. Genomics has provided new insights into fungal lifestyles and led to practical advances in plant breeding and crop protection, such as predictions about the spread and evolution of new pathogens. This volume focuses on fungi that are important cereal and other monocot plant pathogens and includes: Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Cochliobolus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium graminearum, Mycosphaerella graminicola and Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Magnaporthe oryzae, Blumeria graminis and Puccinia graminis.
Download or read book Genomics of Soil and Plant Associated Fungi written by Benjamin A. Horwitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-30 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the similarities and also the differences in the genomes of soil saprophytes, symbionts, and plant pathogens by using examples of fungal species to illustrate particular principles. It analyzes how the specific interactions with the hosts and the influence of the environment may have shaped genome evolution. The relevance of fungal genetic research and biotechnological applications is shown for areas such as plant pathogenesis, biomass degradation, litter decomposition, nitrogen assimilation, antibiotic production, mycoparasitism, energy, ecology, and also for soil fungi turning to human pathogens. In addition to the model organisms Neurospora and Aspergillus, the following species are covered providing a view of pathogens and mutualists: Trichoderma, Fusarium oxysporum, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus oryzae, Podospora anserina, and species belonging to Agaricomycetes, Archaeorhizomycetes and Magnaporthaceae. Ecology and potential applications have guided the choice of fungal genes to be studied and it will be fascinating to follow the trends of future sequencing projects.
Download or read book Genetic Transformation Systems in Fungi Volume 2 written by Marco A. van den Berg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi are an economic very important class of microbes. Not only do they host a range of versatile enzymes used in industrial applications (biofuels, laundry, food processing), as well do they produce several very important pharmaceutical drugs (statins and penicillins). Moreover, fungal pathogens can cause great damage in agricultural production (Phytophthora and Botrytis) and during mammalian infections (Penicillium marneffei and Candida). Transformation of DNA is used to understand the genetic basis behind these traits. Several different techniques have been developed over the years and readily shown to be decisive methods to improve fungal biotechnology. This book will cover the basics behind the most commonly used transformation methods, as well as associated tools and techniques. Each chapter will provide protocols along with examples to be used in laboratories worldwide.
Download or read book How Can Secretomics Help Unravel the Secrets of Plant Microbe Interactions written by Delphine Vincent and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Secretomics describes the global study of proteins that are secreted by a cell, a tissue or an organism, and has recently emerged as a field for which interest is rapidly growing. The term secretome was first coined at the turn of the millennium and was defined to comprise not only the native secreted proteins released into the extracellular space but also the components of machineries for protein secretion. Two secretory pathways have been described in fungi: i) the canonical pathway through which proteins bearing a N-terminal peptide signal can traverse the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and ii) the unconventional pathway for proteins lacking a peptide signal. Protein secretion systems are more diverse in bacteria, in which types I to VII pathways as well as Sec or two-arginine (Tat) pathways have been described. In oomycete species, effectors are mostly small proteins containing an N-terminal signal peptide for secretion and additional C-terminal motifs such as RXLRs and CRNs for host targeting. It has recently been shown that oomycetes exploit non-conventional secretion mechanisms to transfer certain proteins to the extracellular environment. Other non-classical secretion systems involved in plant-fugal interaction include extracellular vesicles (EVs, Figure 1 from Samuel et al 2016 Front. Plant Sci. 6:766.). The versatility of oomycetes, fungi and bacteria allows them to associate with plants in many ways depending on whether they are biotroph, hemibiotroph, necrotroph, or saprotroph. When interacting with a live organism, a microbe will invade its plant host and manipulate its metabolisms either detrimentally if it is a pathogen or beneficially if it is a symbiote. Deciphering secretomes became a crucial biological question when an increasing body of evidence indicated that secreted proteins were the main effectors initiating interactions, whether of pathogenic or symbiotic nature, between microbes and their plant hosts. Secretomics may help to contribute to the global food security and to the ecosystem sustainability by addressing issues in i) plant biosecurity, with the design of crops resistant to pathogens, ii) crop yield enhancement, for example driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi helping plant hosts utilise phosphate from the soil hence increase biomass, and iii) renewable energy, through the identification of microbial enzymes able to augment the bio-conversion of plant lignocellulosic materials for the production of second generation biofuels that do not compete with food production. To this day, more than a hundred secretomics studies have been published on all taxa and the number of publications is increasing steadily. Secretory pathways have been described in various species of microbes and/or their plant hosts, yet the functions of proteins secreted outside the cell remain to be fully grasped. This Research Topic aims at discussing how secretomics can assist the scientists in gaining knowledge about the mechanisms underpinning plant-microbe interactions.
Download or read book Genomics Research on Non Model Plant Pathogens Delivering Novel Insights into Rust Fungus Biology written by Sébastien Duplessis and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fungi of the order Pucciniales cause rust diseases on many plants including important crops and trees widely used in Agriculture, forestry and bioenergy programs; these encompass gymnosperms and angiosperms, monocots and dicots, perennial and annual plant species. These fungi are obligate biotrophs and -except for a few cases- cannot be cultivated outside their hosts in a laboratory. For this reason, standard functional and molecular genetic approaches to study these pathogens are very challenging and the means to study their biology, i.e. how they infect, develop and reproduce on plant hosts, are rather limited, even though they rank among the most devastating pathogens. Among fungal plant pathogens, rust fungi display the most complex lifecycles for with up to five different spore forms and for many rust fungi, alternate hosts on which sexual and clonal reproduction are achieved. The genomics revolution and particularly the application of new generation sequencing technologies have greatly changed the way we now address biological studies and has in particular accelerated and made feasible, molecular studies on non-model species, such as rust fungi. The goal of this research topic is to gather articles that present recent advances in the understanding of rust fungus biology, their complex lifecycles and obligate biotrophic interactions with their hosts, through the means of genomics. This includes genome sequencing and/or resequencing of isolates, RNA-Seq or large-scale transcriptome analyses, genome-scale detailed annotation of gene families, conformation of genes and/or expression of gene complements via proteomics, and comparative analyses among the various rust fungi and, where feasible, with other obligate biotrophs or fungi displaying distinct trophic modes. This Research Topic provides a great opportunity to provide an up-to-date account of rust fungus biology through the lens of genomics, including state-of-the-art technologies developed to achieve this knowledge.
Download or read book Microbial Genetics written by Sylwia Okoń and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-10 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book explores both the fundamental and practical aspects of microbial genetics, shedding light on viroids, viruses, phytoplasma, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Unveiling a fresh perspective, the book tackles traditional taxonomical debates by embracing DNA-based taxonomy, offering a novel approach to understanding phylogeny within this microbe realm. Furthermore, it delves into the exciting realm of metagenomics, revolutionizing the identification and classification of unculturable microorganisms. Written by leading experts, this essential reading material caters to students and researchers in Microbiology, Genetics, and Biotechnology.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Food Grains written by Colin W Wrigley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 1956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Food Grains, Four Volume Set is an in-depth and authoritative reference covering all areas of grain science. Coverage includes everything from the genetics of grains to the commercial, economic and social aspects of this important food source. Also covered are the biology and chemistry of grains, the applied aspects of grain production and the processing of grains into various food and beverage products. With the paramount role of cereals as a global food source, this Encyclopedia is sure to become the standard reference work in the field of science. Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. Written from an international perspective the Encyclopedia concentrates on the food uses of grains, but details are also provided about the wider roles of grains Well organized and accessible, it is the ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals seeking an authoritative overview on any particular aspect of grain science This second edition has four print volumes which provides over 200 articles on food grains Includes extensive cross-referencing and "Further Reading" lists at the end of each article for deeper exploration into the topic This edition also includes useful items for students and teachers alike, with Topic Highlights, Learning objectives, Exercises for Revision and exercises to explore the topic further
Download or read book Fungi written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Currently in its 70th volume, the series features several reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume features reviews on fungi, including pathogenic fungi, symbiotic fungi, saprotrophic fungi and population genomics. Publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology, and ecology Volume features reviews on fungi, including pathogenic fungi, symbiotic fungi, saprotrophic fungi, and population genomics
Download or read book The Nucleic Acid Protocols Handbook written by Ralph Rapley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-29 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive treasury of all the key molecular biology methods-ranging from DNA extraction to gene localization in situ-needed to function effectively in the modern laboratory. Each of the 120 highly successful techniques follows the format of the much acclaimed Methods in Molecular BiologyOao series, providing an introduction to the scientific basis of each technique, a complete listing of all the necessary materials and reagents, and clear step-by-step instruction to permit error-free execution. Included for each technique are notes about pitfalls to avoid, troubleshooting tips, alternate methods, and explanations of the reasons for certain steps-all key elements contributing significantly to success or failure in the lab. The Nucleic Acid Protocols Handbook constitutes today's most comprehensive collection of all the key classic and cutting-edge techniques for the successful isolation, analysis, and manipulation of nucleic acids by both experienced researchers and those new to the field."
Download or read book Botrytis the Fungus the Pathogen and its Management in Agricultural Systems written by Sabine Fillinger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fungal genus Botrytis is the focus of intensive scientific research worldwide. The complex interactions between this pathogen and the plants it infects and the economic importance of the diseases caused by Botrytis (principally grey mould) on more than 1400 species of cultivated plants pre- and post-harvest, render this pathogen of particular interest to farmers, advisers, students and researchers in many fields worldwide. This 20-chapter book is a comprehensive treatise covering the rapidly developing science of Botrytis and reflecting the major developments in studies of this fungus. It will serve as a source of general information for specialists in agriculture and horticulture, and also for students and scientists interested in the biology of this fascinating, multifaceted phytopathogenic fungal species.
Download or read book Management of Fungal Plant Pathogens written by Arun Arya and published by CABI. This book was released on 2010 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of our current knowledge of some plant-pathogen interactions in economically important crops, emphasizing the importance of pathogenic fungi on fruits, cereals, postharvest crops and the establishment of plant diseases and drawing together fundamental new information on their management strategies based on conventional and eco-friendly methods, with an emphasis on the use of microorganisms and various biotechnological aspects of agriculture, which could lead to sustainability in modern agriculture. The book examines the role of microbes in growth promotion, as bioprotectors and bioremediators, and presents practical strategies for using microbes in sustainable agriculture. In addition, the use of botanicals vis-a-vis chemical pesticides is also reviewed. Contributions on new research fields such as mycorrhizas and endophytes are included. The book also examines in different chapters host-pathogen interactions in the light of the new tools and techniques of molecular biology and genetics.
Download or read book Mitochondrial Genome Evolution written by Laurence Marechal-Drouard and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-03 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Botanical Research publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences. Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology. This thematic volume features reviews on Mitochondrial genome evolution. Publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences Features a wide range of reviews by recognized experts on all aspects of plant genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, physiology and ecology This thematic volume features reviews on mitochondrial genome evolution
Download or read book Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens written by Hideo Ishii and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a comprehensive coverage of the general principles and recent advances in fungicide resistance. It describes the development, mechanisms, monitoring, and management of resistance and covers the most important group of fungicides that have caused resistance on various crops. An historical review of fungicide resistance over the past 40 years sets the scene for up-to-date basic information on mode of action, as well as the genetics, mechanisms, and evolution of resistance. Monitoring for resistance, including the latest developments in molecular diagnostics, moves readers into the practical aspects of resistance management, which is dealt with through a series of case studies outlining fungicide-use strategies on several key crops. The chapters reflect the experience of authors internationally recognised for their significant contributions to fungicide resistance research. The majority of crop diseases are caused by fungal pathogens, and disease control relies heavily on chemically synthesized fungicides. However, modern fungicides often encounter the problem of resistance development in target pathogens. Thus pathogen resistance to fungicides is an important factor that causes loss of yield and quality of crops. It often threatens biosecurity through the decrease of fungicide efficacy in the fields. To manage fungicide resistance successfully will require the promotion of integrated disease management, involving not just chemical fungicides, but also host plant resistance, agronomic factors, and reliable biological control agents where these are available. Well referenced throughout, the book offers a comprehensive account of resistance, which will be useful as a source of material for lecturers and for both industrial and academic scientists involved in fungicide resistance research. It is also a valuable sourcebook for students.
Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Biology of Filamentous Fungi written by Katherine Borkovich and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2010-02-02 with total page 1959 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ideal starting point for any research study of filamentous fungi. • Incorporates the latest findings from such disciplines as physiology, taxonomy, genomics, molecular biology and cell biology. • Begins with an historical perspective, cell morphology and taxonomy, and moves on to such topics as cell growth, development, metabolism, and pathogenesis. • Presents the full range of the fungal kingdom and covers important topics as saprophytes, pathogens and endophytes. • Serves as a recommended text for graduate and undergraduate students.
Download or read book Helminthosporium blights of wheat Spot blotch and Tan spot written by E. Duveiller and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1997 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helminthosporium diseases of wheat: summary of group discussions and recommendations; Evolution of the nomenclature used for Helminthosporium spp. causing leaf blight of wheat; Crop management and breeding for control of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis causing yellow spot of wheat in Australia; Constraints on the integrated management of spot blotch of wheat; Components of the spot disease cycle; Leaf blight diseases and associated soilborne fungal pathogens of wheat in South and Southeast Asia; Foliar blights of wheat in India: germplasm improvement and future challenges for sustainable, high yelding wheat production; Distribution of pathogens causing foliar blight of wheat in India and neighboring countries; Occurrence and significance of spot blotch in Bangladesch; Disease incidence and yield loss due to foliar blight of wheat in nepal; Tan spot in Western Canada; Diseases caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and Drechslera tritici-repentis in Hungary; Population structure and epidemiology of Bipolaris sorokiniana in the Rice-wheat cropping pattern of Nepal; Tan spot in Central Asia; Breeding for foliar blight resistance in heilongjiang province, China; Incidence and current management of spot blotch of wheat in China; Spot bloch and tan spot of wheat in Paraguay; Research on Pyrenophora tritici-repentis tan spot of wheat in Uruguay; Improving control of tan spot caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca, Mexico; Importance of spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana in Bolivia; Major foliar diseases of triticale in Morocco; Effect of crop rotation and straw mulch inoculation on tan spot and root rot in bread and durum wheat; Breeding for resistance to spot blotch in wheat: global perspective; Evaluating spot blotch resistance of wheat: improving disease assessment under controlled conditions and in the field; Results of the South Asia regional Helminthosporium leaf blight and yield experiment, 1993-94; Breeding for resistance to Helminthosporium blights in Nepal: strategies and genetic gains; Resistance to spot blotch in spring wheat: breeding and genetic studies; Effect of single D-Genome chromosome substitutions from bread wheat on spot blotch resistance of hexaploid triticale; Repeatability of tan spot resistance evaluation in wheat; New approach for clustering breedings genotypes using production variables, yield losses and a double-digit disease scale; Screening wheat for Bipolaris sorokiniana resistance in Vietnan; Ran spot resiatance in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat; Novel genetic diversity for stress tolerance in the triticease: strategic avenues and applied potentials; Evaluating Southern cone wheat germoplasm for spot blotch and ta spot; Variation in resistance to Bipolaris sorokiana and Magnaporthe grisea in wheat grisea in wheat plants regenerated throught embryogenesis; Evaluating spot blotch resistance traits in wheat and related species; In vitro selection for spot blotch resistance in wheat; Identification and inheritance of resistance to foliar blight of wheat; Root rot of wheat: inoculation and screening techniques, yield loss assessment, and germplasm evaluation; Transformation technologies available for enhamcing fungal resistance in wheat; Molecular analyses of toxin (s) produced by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; Role of host metabolism in action of necrosis toxin from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; Fungi associated with foliar blight of wheat in warm areas; Characterization of the Pyrenophora tritici-repentis necrosis toxin and a folding precursor; Diversity of Pyrephora tritici-repentis isolates from warm wheat growing areas: pathogenicity, toxin production, and RAPD analysis; Role of root exudates and toxins in susceptibility of yemeni wheat varieties to Cochliobolus sativus; Characterization od Cochliobolus sativuis isolates from the UK and yemen; A xylanase gene from Cochliobolus sativus; Leaf spot diseases of wheat in a conservation tillage study; Control of leaf blights of wheat by elimination of the inoculum source; Incidence and severity of leaf-spotting diseases of spring wheat in Southern Manitoba; Tan spot of wheat in Argentina: importance and disease management strategies; Influence of agronomic practice on foliar blight, and identification of alternate host in the rice-wheat cropping system; Evaluation of tan spot research in Morocco; Controlling leaf spot of wheat throught nutrient management; Phytosanitary effect of the combined application on green manure and antaginistic bacterium Bacillus subtilis on Bipolaris sorokiniana; Seed pathology of tan spot; Wheat reaction to kernel infection by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and effect on the subsequent crop; List of participants.
Download or read book Plant Fungal Pathogens written by Melvin Dennis Bolton and published by Springer Science+Business Media. This book was released on 2012 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Including reproducible laboratory protocols, this guide to fungal pathogens in plants has been written by expert researchers in the field and includes methods now used to study them, including techniques for model systems such as Arabidopsis thaliana.
