Download or read book Common Cause Failure Analysis in Event Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the approach taken by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to the treatment of common-cause failure in probabilistic risk assessment of operational events. The approach is based upon the Basic Parameter Model for common-cause failure, and examples are illustrated using the alpha-factor parameterization, the approach adopted by the NRC in their Standardized Plant Analysis Risk (SPAR) models. The cases of a failed component (with and without shared common-cause failure potential) and a component being unavailable due to preventive maintenance or testing are addressed. The treatment of two related failure modes (e.g., failure to start and failure to run) is a new feature of this paper. These methods are being applied by the NRC in assessing the risk significance of operational events for the Significance Determination Process (SDP) and the Accident Sequence Precursor (ASP) program.
Download or read book Common Cause Failure Treatment in Event Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Event assessment is an application of probabilistic risk assessment in which observed equipment failures and outages are mapped into the risk model to obtain a numerical estimate of the event's risk significance. In this paper, we focus on retrospective assessments to estimate the risk significance of degraded conditions such as equipment failure accompanied by a deficiency in a process such as maintenance practices. In modeling such events, the basic events in the risk model that are associated with observed failures and other off-normal situations are typically configured to be failed, while those associated with observed successes and unchallenged components are assumed capable of failing, typically with their baseline probabilities. This is referred to as the failure memory approach to event assessment. The conditioning of common-cause failure probabilities for the common cause component group associated with the observed component failure is particularly important, as it is insufficient to simply leave these probabilities at their baseline values, and doing so may result in a significant underestimate of risk significance for the event. Past work in this area has focused on the mathematics of the adjustment. In this paper, we review the Basic Parameter Model for common-cause failure, which underlies most current risk modelling, discuss the limitations of this model with respect to event assessment, and introduce a proposed new framework for common-cause failure, which uses a Bayesian network to model underlying causes of failure, and which has the potential to overcome the limitations of the Basic Parameter Model with respect to event assessment.
Download or read book NUREG CR written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Diagnosis in Health Care written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.
Download or read book Common cause Failure Database and Analysis System written by T. E. Wierman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Seminar on Common Cause Failure Analysis in Probabilistic Safety Assessment written by Aniello Amendola and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Ispra Course held at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy, November 16-19, 1987
Download or read book Common Cause Failure Database and Analysis System written by F. M. Marshall and published by . This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Representing Common Cause Failures in the Saphire Software written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, the risk analysis software SAPHIRE has implemented a common-cause failure (CCF) module to represent standard CCF methods such as alpha-factor and multiple Greek letter approaches. However, changes to SAPHIRE are required to support the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's 2007 "Risk Assessment Standardization Project" CCF analysis guidance for events assessment. This guidance provides an outline of how both the nominal CCF probabilities and conditional (e.g., after a redundant component has failed) CCF probabilities should be calculated. Based upon user-provided input and extending the limitations in the current version of SAPHIRE, the CCF module calculations will be made consistent with the new guidance. The CCF modifications will involve changes to (1) the SAPHIRE graphical user interface directing how end-users and modelers interface with PRA models and (2) algorithmic changes as required. Included in the modifications will be the possibility to treat CCF probability adjustments based upon failure types (e.g., independent versus dependent) and failure modes (e.g., failure-to-run versus failure-to-start). In general, SAPHIRE is being modified to allow the risk analyst to define a CCF object. This object is defined in terms of a basic event. For the CCF object, the analyst would need to specify a minimal set of information, including: - The number of redundant components - The failure criteria (how many component have to fail) - The CCF model type (alpha-factor, MGL, or beta-factor) - The parameters (e.g., the alpha-factors) associated with the model - Staggered or non-staggered testing assumption - Default level of detail (expanded, showing all of the specific failure combinations, or not) This paper will outline both the theory behind the probabilistic calculations and the resulting implementation in the SAPHIRE software.
Download or read book Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes written by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality/AHRQ and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. For the purposes of this guide, a patient registry is an organized system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data (clinical and other) to evaluate specified outcomes for a population defined by a particular disease, condition, or exposure, and that serves one or more predetermined scientific, clinical, or policy purposes. A registry database is a file (or files) derived from the registry. Although registries can serve many purposes, this guide focuses on registries created for one or more of the following purposes: to describe the natural history of disease, to determine clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of health care products and services, to measure or monitor safety and harm, and/or to measure quality of care. Registries are classified according to how their populations are defined. For example, product registries include patients who have been exposed to biopharmaceutical products or medical devices. Health services registries consist of patients who have had a common procedure, clinical encounter, or hospitalization. Disease or condition registries are defined by patients having the same diagnosis, such as cystic fibrosis or heart failure. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews.
Download or read book Multi state System Reliability Assessment Optimization And Applications written by Gregory Levitin and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2003-03-12 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most books on reliability theory are devoted to traditional binary reliability models allowing for only two possible states for a system and its components: perfect functionality and complete failure. However, many real-world systems are composed of multi-state components, which have different performance levels and several failure modes with various effects on the entire system performance (degradation). Such systems are called Multi-State Systems (MSS). The examples of MSS are power systems where the component performance is characterized by the generating capacity, computer systems where the component performance is characterized by the data processing speed, communication systems, etc.This book is the first to be devoted to Multi-State System (MSS) reliability analysis and optimization. It provides a historical overview of the field, presents basic concepts of MSS, defines MSS reliability measures, and systematically describes the tools for MSS reliability assessment and optimization. Basic methods for MSS reliability assessment, such as a Boolean methods extension, basic random process methods (both Markov and semi-Markov) and universal generating function models, are systematically studied. A universal genetic algorithm optimization technique and all details of its application are described. All the methods are illustrated by numerical examples. The book also contains many examples of application of reliability assessment and optimization methods to real engineering problems.The aim of this book is to give a comprehensive, up-to-date presentation of MSS reliability theory based on modern advances in this field and provide a theoretical summary and examples of engineering applications to a variety of technical problems. From this point of view the book bridges the gap between theoretical advances and practical reliability engineering.
Download or read book Rethinking Bhopal written by Kenneth Bloch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rethinking Bhopal: A Definitive Guide to Investigating, Preventing, and Learning from Industrial Disasters is the go-to source for anyone seeking to learn how to improve process safety management (PSM) through applying fundamental asset reliability and incident investigation concepts. The seeds that unified PSM on a global scale were planted in Bhopal, India on December 3, 1984. Since then, considerable progress has been made to protect both workers and communities from catastrophic industrial failures. Industry acknowledges its responsibility to create value with accrued operating experience and that using information received from previous failures is a direct way to prevent future incidents. With this principle in mind, Bloch evaluates modern references related to the Bhopal Disaster, using recognized industrial asset reliability and incident investigation concepts. The practice of objective incident investigation offers a compelling insight into specific decisions and actions that resulted in history’s worst industrial disaster. Recording a fully transparent sequence of events promotes a personal sense of accountability for anyone involved in the manufacturing industry. Lessons learned can be immediately implemented by those with direct PSM, management, engineering, and operating responsibilities. Case histories demonstrate how patterns observed in the timeline leading up to the Bhopal Disaster can be detected in modern incidents and by recognizing these patterns in present-day processes avoids counterproductive operating decisions and unprecedented destruction. This text is instrumental in helping existing organizations re-evaluate their own exposures and risks, and would be a valuable read for any member of a process safety management team. Rethinking Bhopal: A Definitive Guide to Investigating, Preventing, and Learning from Industrial Disasters provides an expansion of knowledge and understanding for the novice in PSM while also providing depth and application considerations to challenge more experienced industry professionals. Note: All royalties from this book go to the Process Safety Heritage Trust Scholarship at Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas, USA. Learn how to improve Process Safety Management (PSM) performance by applying fundamental asset reliability and incident investigation concepts Understand your personal role in detecting and preventing Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) incidents before they occur Take immediate action to stabilize processes under your control while promoting a systematic approach to eliminating persistent failure mechanisms Includes case histories to helpfully illustrate how to detect potentially destructive patterns in your own organization
Download or read book Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management written by Cornelia Spitzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-04 with total page 3803 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of papers presented at the PSAM 7 – ESREL ’04 conference in June 2004, reflecting a wide variety of disciplines, such as principles and theory of reliability and risk analysis, systems modelling and simulation, consequence assessment, human and organisational factors, structural reliability methods, software reliability and safety, insights and lessons from risk studies and management/decision making. This volume covers both well-established practices and open issues in these fields, identifying areas where maturity has been reached and those where more development is needed.
Download or read book CDC Yellow Book 2018 Health Information for International Travel written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE ESSENTIAL WORK IN TRAVEL MEDICINE -- NOW COMPLETELY UPDATED FOR 2018 As unprecedented numbers of travelers cross international borders each day, the need for up-to-date, practical information about the health challenges posed by travel has never been greater. For both international travelers and the health professionals who care for them, the CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel is the definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. The fully revised and updated 2018 edition codifies the U.S. government's most current health guidelines and information for international travelers, including pretravel vaccine recommendations, destination-specific health advice, and easy-to-reference maps, tables, and charts. The 2018 Yellow Book also addresses the needs of specific types of travelers, with dedicated sections on: · Precautions for pregnant travelers, immunocompromised travelers, and travelers with disabilities · Special considerations for newly arrived adoptees, immigrants, and refugees · Practical tips for last-minute or resource-limited travelers · Advice for air crews, humanitarian workers, missionaries, and others who provide care and support overseas Authored by a team of the world's most esteemed travel medicine experts, the Yellow Book is an essential resource for travelers -- and the clinicians overseeing their care -- at home and abroad.
Download or read book Reliability Maintainability and Risk written by David J. Smith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliability, Maintainability and Risk: Practical Methods for Engineers, Eighth Edition, discusses tools and techniques for reliable and safe engineering, and for optimizing maintenance strategies. It emphasizes the importance of using reliability techniques to identify and eliminate potential failures early in the design cycle. The focus is on techniques known as RAMS (reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety-integrity). The book is organized into five parts. Part 1 on reliability parameters and costs traces the history of reliability and safety technology and presents a cost-effective approach to quality, reliability, and safety. Part 2 deals with the interpretation of failure rates, while Part 3 focuses on the prediction of reliability and risk. Part 4 discusses design and assurance techniques; review and testing techniques; reliability growth modeling; field data collection and feedback; predicting and demonstrating repair times; quantified reliability maintenance; and systematic failures. Part 5 deals with legal, management and safety issues, such as project management, product liability, and safety legislation. 8th edition of this core reference for engineers who deal with the design or operation of any safety critical systems, processes or operations Answers the question: how can a defect that costs less than $1000 dollars to identify at the process design stage be prevented from escalating to a $100,000 field defect, or a $1m+ catastrophe Revised throughout, with new examples, and standards, including must have material on the new edition of global functional safety standard IEC 61508, which launches in 2010
Download or read book Leading Change written by John P. Kotter and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the ill-fated dot-com bubble to unprecedented merger and acquisition activity to scandal, greed, and, ultimately, recession -- we've learned that widespread and difficult change is no longer the exception. By outlining the process organizations have used to achieve transformational goals and by identifying where and how even top performers derail during the change process, Kotter provides a practical resource for leaders and managers charged with making change initiatives work.
Download or read book Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management 96 written by Carlo Cacciabue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: IE-2 > FV 5E-3 > FV IE-3 > FV IE-4 > FV Trun- Total IST and IST Components Total IST FV> IE-2 Type >5E-3 > IE-3 > IE-4 >0 cated IPE Components Not Modeled in PRA Components 11 3 6 5 27 73 100 AOV 2 CV 4 21 24 16 12 77 94 171 4 6 10 HOV 4 34 158 MOV 2 5 35 33 24 25 124 43 43 MV 2 PORV 1 1 2 PUMP 12 5 6 1 3 27 9 36 54 54 SOV SRV 20 3 23 23 Total 39 17 73 61 49 45 284 313 597 ------- --- Table 2. Levell IPEEE Basic Event Importance - Risk Achievement Worth Total IST and (PE IST Components Not Total IST 2>RAW>0 Truncated Type RAW>2 Components Modeled in PRA Components 100 AOV 13 9 5 27 73 CV 52 16 9 77 94 171 4 4 6 10 HOV MOV 60 54 10 124 34 158 43 43 MV PORV 2 2 2 PUMP 24 3 27 9 36 SOV 54 54 SRV 23 23 23 597 Total 155 102 27 284 313 ~~--- -. . j S 702 and 2 includes the following IST component types: pumps, air-operated valves (AOV), check valves (CV), hydraulically-operated valves (HOV), motor-operated valves (MOV), manual valves (MV), pressurizer power-operated relief valves (PORV), solenoid operated valves (SOV), and safety reliefvalves (SRV).
Download or read book Acute Heart Failure written by Alexandre Mebazaa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-24 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, there has been a great deal of work done on chronic congestive heart failure while acute heart failure has been considered a difficult to handle and hopeless syndrome. However, in recent years acute heart failure has become a growing area of study and this is the first book to cover extensively the diagnosis and management of this complex condition. The book reflects the considerable amounts of new data reported and many new concepts which have been proposed in the last 3-4 years looking at the epidemiology, diagnostic and treatment of acute heart failure.
