Download or read book Commercial Soils as a Potential Vehicle for Antibiotic Resistance Transmission written by Christina G. Bellinger and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing concern as to the continued ability of antibiotics in clinical settings to be effective due to increases in antibiotic resistance in pathogens. This increase is a major threat to human health, with approximately 23,000 annually killed by untreatable bacteria in the United States alone. The environment is a potential reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes and soil is high in bacterial diversity. This study aims to analyze augmented soils, especially a pilot study on their resistome, to assess the potential risk of commercial soil in disseminating antibiotic resistant bacteria to humans and the environment. A study of fifteen commercial soils was conducted using culture-dependent and metagenomic methods, with six noncommercial garden and general environmental soils used for comparison. Serially diluted soil samples were plated on plate count agar (PCA) and individual colonies were picked and transferred to antibiotic-supplemented agar using the following types and concentrations: ampicillin (16g/L), tetracycline (100g/L), erythromycin (100g/L), and lincomycin (16mg/L). DNA was extracted from soil samples, pooled and sequenced by high throughput sequencing. Primers were designed for three resistance genes in relative high abundance, aac(3)-Id, catB6, and MacB. PCR amplification to detect these genes in individual samples was conducted. All samples studied lacked response to at least one antibiotic using culturing methods, on average 66% to ampicillin, 77% to lincomycin, 15% to erythromycin, and 9% to tetracycline. A total of 59 total phyla were represented in the pooled soil sample, representing 2118 different genera, with the vast majority of bacteria present belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. aminoglycoside resistance genes presented at elevated levels. Aac(3)-Id was detected in five commercial and one noncommercial soil. catB6 was detected in one soil. The ratio of antibiotic resistance gene hits to total 16S rRNA was 0.023, consistent with previous studies of residential soil and much lower than animal manures, which can range from 0.75-3ARG/16S rRNA. In summary, pilot results suggest commercial soils may not represent a major pool of antibiotic resistance genes but more analysis is needed to fully understand their place in the antibiotic resistance ecology.
Download or read book Combating Antimicrobial Resistance written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-08 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As of 2017, the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance continues unabated around the world, leaving devastating health and economic outcomes in its wake. Those consequences will multiply if collaborative global action is not taken to address the spread of resistance. Major drivers of antimicrobial resistance in humans have been accelerated by inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing in health care practices; the inappropriate use of antimicrobials in livestock; and the promulgation of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. To explore the issue of antimicrobial resistance, the Forum of Microbial Threats planned a public workshop. Participants explored issues of antimicrobial resistance through the lens of One Health, which is a collaborative approach of multiple disciplines - working locally, nationally, and globally - for strengthening systems to counter infectious diseases and related issues that threaten human, animal, and environmental health, with an end point of improving global health and achieving gains in development. They also discussed immediate and short-term actions and research needs that will have the greatest effect on reducing antimicrobial resistance, while taking into account the complexities of bridging different sectors and disciplines to address this global threat. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book Structural Equation Modeling and Natural Systems written by James B. Grace and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-17 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 2006, presents an introduction to the methodology of structural equation modeling, illustrates its use, and goes on to argue that it has revolutionary implications for the study of natural systems. A major theme of this book is that we have, up to this point, attempted to study systems primarily using methods (such as the univariate model) that were designed only for considering individual processes. Understanding systems requires the capacity to examine simultaneous influences and responses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) has such capabilities. It also possesses many other traits that add strength to its utility as a means of making scientific progress. In light of the capabilities of SEM, it can be argued that much of ecological theory is currently locked in an immature state that impairs its relevance. It is further argued that the principles of SEM are capable of leading to the development and evaluation of multivariate theories of the sort vitally needed for the conservation of natural systems.
Download or read book Transferable Antibiotic Resistance written by S. Mitsuhashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984-11 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine written by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2022-07-20 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Strategy for Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, published in 2014, sets out a plan for government work to mitigate the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Direction on the implementation of this strategy is provided in five-year national action plans, the first covering 2015 to 2020, and the second covering 2020 to 2025. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Protecting the Miracle of Modern Medicine evaluates progress made against the national strategy. This report discusses ways to improve detection of resistant infections and estimate the risk to human health from environmental sources of resistance. In addition, the report considers the effect of agricultural practices on human and animal health and animal welfare and ways these practices could be improved, and advises on key drugs and diseases for which animal-specific test breakpoints are needed.
Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance written by Mihai Mares and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tackling the realities of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) situation today is no longer uncommon. Many battles have been fought in the past since the discovery of antibiotics between man and microbes. In the tussle of new antibiotic modifications, the transmission of resistant genes, both vertically and horizontally unveils yet another resistant attribute for the microbe, for it only to be faced with a more powerful, wide spectrum antibiotic; the cycle continues-and the winner is yet to be known. This book aims to provide some insight into various molecular mechanisms, agricultural mitigation methods, and the One Health applications to maybe, just maybe, tip the scales towards us.
Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Johannes Lehmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines.
Download or read book Soil pollution a hidden reality written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents key messages and the state-of-the-art of soil pollution, its implications on food safety and human health. It aims to set the basis for further discussion during the forthcoming Global Symposium on Soil Pollution (GSOP18), to be held at FAO HQ from May 2nd to 4th 2018. The publication has been reviewed by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) and contributing authors. It addresses scientific evidences on soil pollution and highlights the need to assess the extent of soil pollution globally in order to achieve food safety and sustainable development. This is linked to FAO’s strategic objectives, especially SO1, SO2, SO4 and SO5 because of the crucial role of soils to ensure effective nutrient cycling to produce nutritious and safe food, reduce atmospheric CO2 and N2O concentrations and thus mitigate climate change, develop sustainable soil management practices that enhance agricultural resilience to extreme climate events by reducing soil degradation processes. This document will be a reference material for those interested in learning more about sources and effects of soil pollution.
Download or read book Antibiotic Drug Resistance written by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a thorough and authoritative overview of the multifaceted field of antibiotic science – offering guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases. Provides readers with knowledge about the broad field of drug resistance Offers guidance to translate research into tools for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases Links strategies to analyze microbes to the development of new drugs, socioeconomic impacts to therapeutic strategies, and public policies to antibiotic-resistance-prevention strategies
Download or read book The Antibiotic Resistome written by Gerry Wright and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2016-08-22 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment written by Patricia L. Keen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines effects of the environmental distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes on human health and the ecosystem Resistance genes are everywhere in nature—in pathogens, commensals, and environmental microorganisms. This contributed work shows how the environment plays a pivotal role in the development of antimicrobial resistance traits in bacteria and the distribution of resistant microbial species, resistant genetic material, and antibiotic compounds. Readers will discover the impact of the distribution in the environment of antimicrobial resistance genes and antibiotics on both the ecosystem and human and animal health. Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment is divided into four parts: Part I, Sources, including ecological and clinical consequences of antibiotic resistance by environmental microbes Part II, Fate, including strategies to assess and minimize the biological risk of antibiotic resistance in the environment Part III, Antimicrobial Substances and Resistance, including antibiotics in the aquatic environment Part IV, Effects and Risks, including the effect of antimicrobials used for non-human purposes on human health Recognizing the intricate links among overlapping complex systems, this book examines antimicrobial resistance using a comprehensive ecosystem approach. Moreover, the book's multidisciplinary framework applies principles of microbiology, environmental toxicology, and chemistry to assess the human and ecological risks associated with exposure to antibiotics or antibiotic resistance genes that are environmental contaminants. Each chapter has been written by one or more leading researchers in such fields as microbiology, environmental science, ecology, and toxicology. Comprehensive reference lists at the end of all chapters serve as a gateway to the primary research in the field. Presenting and analyzing the latest findings in a field of growing importance to human and environmental health, this text offers readers new insights into the role of the environment in antimicrobial resistance development, the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant genetic elements, and the transport of antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotics.
Download or read book Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance written by Jun Lin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibiotics represent one of the most successful forms of therapy in medicine. But the efficiency of antibiotics is compromised by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Antibiotic resistance, which is implicated in elevated morbidity and mortality rates as well as in the increased treatment costs, is considered to be one of the major global public health threats (www.who.int/drugresistance/en/) and the magnitude of the problem recently prompted a number of international and national bodies to take actions to protect the public (http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/docs/road-map-amr_en.pdf: http://www.who.int/drugresistance/amr_global_action_plan/en/; http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/carb_national_strategy.pdf). Understanding the mechanisms by which bacteria successfully defend themselves against the antibiotic assault represent the main theme of this eBook published as a Research Topic in Frontiers in Microbiology, section of Antimicrobials, Resistance, and Chemotherapy. The articles in the eBook update the reader on various aspects and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. A better understanding of these mechanisms should facilitate the development of means to potentiate the efficacy and increase the lifespan of antibiotics while minimizing the emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogens.
Download or read book Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 46 written by Harsh Panwar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to global health because the number of alternative antibiotics is very limited. Antimicrobial resistance is a slow evolutionary process that has been accelerated by human activities in health, environment and agriculture sectors. Due to their wide application, antibiotics and their residues have been found in almost all food products and natural ecosystems. This book reviews the drivers, impact and mitigation of antimicrobial resistance, with focus on methods and targets.
Download or read book Healthcare Access written by Umar Bacha and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare Access - Regional Overviews is a compilation of ten chapters consisting of case studies, research works, reviews, and expert opinions providing insight on the previous and current developments in the field of hygiene and infection control with practices to prevent or minimize the spread of infectious diseases. The book also addresses the status and healthcare access of the most neglected segments in less developed countries. All chapters are written by global researchers are edited by experts in the field. The information presented in this work can be replicated at different levels to accelerate timely and quality healthcare services.
Download or read book When Antibiotics Fail written by The Expert Panel on the Potential Socio-Economic Impacts of Antimicrobial Resistance in Canada and published by Council of Canadian Academies. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Antibiotics Fail examines the current impacts of AMR on our healthcare system, projects the future impact on Canada’s GDP, and looks at how widespread resistance will influence the day-to-day lives of Canadians. The report examines these issues through a One Health lens, recognizing the interconnected nature of AMR, from healthcare settings to the environment to the agriculture sector. It is the most comprehensive report to date on the economic impact of AMR in Canada.
Download or read book What You Need to Know about Infectious Disease written by Madeline Drexler and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment written by Célia M. Manaia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-08-22 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a multidisciplinary review of antibiotic resistance and unravels the complex and interrelated roles of environmental sources, including pharmaceutical industry effluents, hospital and domestic effluents, wildlife and drinking water. Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue in which the interface between humans, animals and the environment is particularly relevant. The contrasts seen across different environmental compartments and world regions, which are due to climate, social and policy differences, mean that this problem needs to be analyzed from a multi-geographic and multi-cultural angle. Bringing together contributions from researchers on different continents with expertise in antibiotic resistance in a range of different environmental compartments, the book offers a detailed reflection on the paths that make antibiotic resistance a global threat, and the state-of- the-art in antibiotic resistance surveillance and risk assessment in complex environmental matrices.
