Download or read book Combined Effects of Intake Flow and Spark plug Location on Flame Development Combustion Stability and End gas Autoignition for Lean Spark ignition Engine Operation Using E30 Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology written by Gautam Kalghatgi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on gasoline compression ignition (GCI) which offers the prospect of engines with high efficiency and low exhaust emissions at a lower cost. A GCI engine is a compression ignition (CI) engine which is run on gasoline-like fuels (even on low-octane gasoline), making it significantly easier to control particulates and NOx but with high efficiency. The state of the art development to make GCI combustion feasible on practical vehicles is highlighted, e.g., on overcoming problems on cold start, high-pressure rise rates at high loads, transients, and HC and CO emissions. This book will be a useful guide to those in academia and industry.

Download or read book Advances in Clean Energy Technologies written by Prashant V. Baredar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-30 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents select proceedings of the international conference on Innovations in Clean Energy Technologies (ICET 2020) and examines a range of durable, energy efficient and next-generation smart green technologies for sustainable future by reflecting on the trends, advances and development taking place all across the globe. The topics covered include smart technologies based product, energy efficient systems, solar and wind energy, carbon sequestration, green transportation, green buildings, energy material, biomass energy, smart cites, hydro power, bio-energy and fuel cell. The book also discusses various performance attributes of these clean energy technologies and their workability and carbon footprint. The book will be a valuable reference for beginners, researchers and professionals interested in clean energy technologies.

Download or read book The Effect Of Compression Ratio On The Ability To Burn Lean Fuel Air Mixtures In A Spark Ignition Engine written by David H. Holkeboer and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF DUAL COIL IGNITION DISCHARGES ON DILUTE COMBUSTION IN A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Dilute combustion is an effective way to increase part-load efficiencies in a Spark Ignition (SI) engine. However, dilute combustion leads to a slower combustion rate and longer burn durations, which results in higher heat transfer loss. To overcome this, some degree of charge flow enhancement exists in modern engines that improves combustion rate and shortens burn durations. This flow enhancement has an adverse effect on performance of the modern Transistorized Coil Ignition (TCI) system and hence presents a limitation on improving combustion rates. Additionally, dilute combustion has a detrimental effect on combustion stability, wherein a larger variation in engine cycle work is observed from cycle to cycle which degrades engine performance. Improving combustion stability under dilution poses a challenge for the modern single coil ignition system, which is where the motivation lies in this research. This research details the development and instrumentation of a Configurable Dual Coil Ignition (CDCI) system that is later tested on a single cylinder metal engine. The effectiveness of different ignition profiles developed with the CDCI system in extending the dilution limit while maintaining combustion performance and lower cycle-cycle variations, thereby improving fuel conversion efficiency, is investigated. Effects of dilution by excess air and internal (exhaust) residuals on the performance of these ignition profiles are investigated under different operating conditions. In-cylinder flow is enhanced by means of tumble planks installed in the intake port of the engine. The impact of enhanced in-cylinder flow on the capabilities of the developed ignition profiles is also investigated under different conditions. Moreover, effects of different spark plug gap sizes and orientations are also investigated. Although majority of the tests are done with Direct Injection (DI) gasoline, some tests are performed with Port Fuel Injection (PFI) methane to compare the effects of fuel delivery and charge preparation.

Download or read book Ignition Behavior of Gasolines and Surrogate Fuels in Low Temperature Combustion Strategies written by Vickey Kalaskar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation discusses the results from three different studies aimed at understanding the importance of fuel chemical structure during low temperature combustion (LTC) strategies, like homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC) employed in internal combustion (IC) engines wherein the focus is on high octane fuels. Boosted intake air operation combined with exhaust gas recirculation, internal as well as external, has become a standard path for expanding the load limits of IC engines employing LTC strategies mentioned above as well as conventional diesel and spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the effects of fuel compositional variation have not been fully explored. The first study focusses on three different fuels, where each of them were evaluated using a single cylinder boosted HCCI engine using negative valve overlap. The three fuels investigated were: a regular grade gasoline (RON = 90.2), 30% ethanol-gasoline blend (E30, RON = 100.3), and 24% iso-butanol-gasoline blend (IB24, RON = 96.6). Detailed sweeps of intake manifold pressure (atmospheric to 250 kPaa), EGR (0 -- 25% EGR), and injection timing were conducted to identify fuel-specific effects. While significant fuel compositional differences existed, the results showed that all these fuels achieved comparable operation with minor changes in operational conditions. Further, it was shown that the available enthalpy from the exhaust would not be sufficient to satisfy the boost requirements at higher load operation by doing an analysis of the required turbocharger efficiency. While the first study concentrated on load expansion of HCCI, it is important to mention that controlling LTC strategies is difficult under low load or idle operating conditions. To ensure stable operation, fuel injection in the negative valve overlap (NVO) is used as one of method of achieving combustion control. However the combustion chemistry under high temperature and fuel rich conditions that exist during the NVO have not been previously explored. The second study focused on examining the products of fuel rich chemistry as a result of fuel injection in the NVO. In this study, a unique six stroke cycle was used to segregate the exhaust from the NVO and to study the chemistry of the range of fuels injected during NVO under low oxygen conditions. The fuels investigated were methanol, ethanol, iso-butanol, and iso-octane. It was observed that the products of reactions under NVO conditions were highly dependent on the injected fuel's structure with iso-octane producing less than 1.5% hydrogen and methanol producing more than 8%. However a weak dependence was observed on NVO duration and initial temperature, indicating that NVO reforming was kinetically limited. Finally, the experimental trends were compared with CHEMKIN (single zone, 0-D model) predictions using multiple kinetic mechanism that were readily available through literature. Due to the simplicity of the model and inadequate information on the fuel injection process, the experimental data was not modeled well with the mechanisms tested. Some of the shortcomings of the 0-D model were probably due to the model ignoring temperature and composition spatial inhomogeneities and evaporative cooling from fuel vaporization.Though the results from the NVO injection and boosted NVO-HCCI studies are enlightening, the fundamentals of the autoignition behavior of gasoline, alcohols, and their mixtures are not entirely understood despite the interest in high octane fuels in compression engines from a point of view of better thermal efficiency. The third study focused on higher octane blends consisting of binary and ternary mixtures of n-heptane and/or iso-octane, and a fuel of interest. These fuels of interest were toluene, ethanol, and iso-butanol. In this study, the autoignition of such blends is studied under lean conditions ([phi] = 0.25) with varying intake pressure (atmospheric to 3 bar, abs) and at a constant intake temperature of 155 °C. The blends consisted of varying percentages of fuels of interest and their research octane number (RON) approximately estimated at 100 and 80. For comparison, neat iso-octane was selected as RON 100 fuel and PRF 80 blend was selected as RON 80 fuel. It was observed that the blends with a higher percentage of n-heptane showed a stronger tendency to autoignite at lower intake pressures. However, as the intake pressure was increased, the non-reactive components, in this case, the higher octane blend components (toluene, ethanol, and iso-butanol), reduced this tendency subsequently delaying the critical compression ratio (CCR) of the blends. The heat release analysis revealed that the higher octane components in the blends reduced the low temperature reactivity of n-heptane and iso-octane. GC-MS and GC-FID analysis of the partially compressed fuel also indicated that the higher octane components did affect the conversion of the more reactive components, n-heptane and iso-octane, into their partially oxidized branched hydrocarbons in the binary/ternary blends, and reduced the overall reactivity which resulted in a delayed CCR at higher intake pressures.

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.

Download or read book Flow and Combustion in Reciprocating Engines written by C. Arcoumanis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-29 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization of combustion processes in automotive engines is a key factor in reducing fuel consumption. This book, written by eminent university and industry researchers, investigates and describes flow and combustion processes in diesel and gasoline engines.

Download or read book Effects of Fuel Injection and Intake Airflow on Direct injection Spark ignition Combustion written by Won-Seok Chang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book SI Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Correlation Between Mixture Nonuniformity Around Spark Plug Gap Early Flame Development and Cycle by cycle Variation written by Kyŏng-hwan Yi and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isolation of Fuel Property and Boundary Condition Effects on Low Load Gasoline Compression Ignition GCI written by John Andrew Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion is a promising solution to address increasingly stringent efficiency and emissions regulations imposed on the internal combustion engine. However, the high resistance to auto-ignition of modern market gasoline makes low load compression ignition operation difficult. The most comprehensive work focused on low load GCI operation has been performed on multi-cylinder research engines where it is difficult to decouple effects of the combustion event from air-handling and system level parameters (e.g., intake pressurization and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)). Further, most research has focused on technology applications (e.g., use of variable valve actuation or supercharging) rather than fundamental effects, making identification of influential factors difficult. Accordingly, there is a need for detailed investigations focused on isolating the critical parameters that can be used to enable low load GCI operation. A full factorial parametric study was completed to isolate the effects of intake temperature, EGR rate, and fuel reactivity on low load performance. A minimum intake pressure metric was used to compare these parameters. This allowed combustion phasing and load to be held constant while isolating the experiment from fuel injection effects. The effort showed that increasing intake temperature yields a linear reduction in the minimum intake pressure required for stable operation. Adding a small amount of diesel fuel to gasoline improved combustion stability with minimal need for energy addition through intake pressurization. The minimum intake pressure requirement also showed very good correlation with the measured research octane number of the fuel. However, increasing the fuel reactivity with diesel fuel, caused NOx emissions to increase. Response model analysis was used to determine the intake conditions required to maintain NOx levels that may not require lean NOx after treatment. The combination of diesel fuel blending and EGR allowed NOx levels to be reduced to near zero values with the minimum intake pressurization required. A detailed investigation into the effects of EGR showed that, for a given fuel, there is a maximum EGR rate that allows for stable operation, which effectively constrains the minimum NOx prior to aftertreatment. Accordingly, a method that enables the variation of the fuel reactivity on demand is an ideal solution to address low load stability issues. Metal engine experiments conducted on a single cylinder medium-duty research engine allowed for the investigation of this strategy. The fuels used for this study were 87 octane gasoline (primary fuel stream) and diesel fuel (reactivity enhancer). Initial tests demonstrated load extension down to idle conditions with only 20% diesel by mass, which reduced to 0% at loads above 3 bar indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPg). Engine performance over a mode weighted drive cycle was completed based on work by the Ad-Hoc fuels committee [1] to demonstrate the performance of various levels of fuel blending for five primary modes of operation encompassing low load to high load. Lastly, several simulated transient drive cycle were analyzed to investigate the consumption rate of the reactivity enhancer. A response model was fit to the experimental data and exercised over the load based drive cycle. Results showed that the diesel consumption could be reduced to additive levels over a 10k mile oil change interval, lower than typical diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) consumption levels, which presents a pathway to a full-time GCI engine. Experimental efforts used a minimum intake pressure metric to evaluate the auto-ignition quality of seven fuels, including two pump fuels and five FACE gasolines in a GCI engine. The results showed that research octane number (RON) trends well with the intake pressure required to achieve a desired ignition delay at low-temperature conditions, which are representative of a boosted GCI engine. At higher temperature intake conditions poor correlation is observed between RON and intake pressure requirement. Effects of octane sensitivity were dominated by the general reactivity of fuel as characterized by RON. The Octane Index and K-factors were regressed for each operating condition, and good correlation was seen between the Octane Index and the intake pressure requirement. Main effects analysis of the impact of general properties of the fuel (RON, motor octane number (MON), and sensitivity (S)) on the intake pressure requirement showed that RON was the only statistically significant parameter. Analysis of the main effects of fuel composition on intake pressure requirement showed some trends, but none were statistically significant. This indicates that the auto-ignition quality of the fuel is not characterized by variations in any single species. Analysis of the stable start-of-injection (SOI) timing injection window showed that both RON and sensitivity describe stability at low temperatures. In general, a fuel with a higher RON will have a smaller stable SOI window than a lower RON fuel. Additionally, fuels with the same RON and different sensitivities will behave differently. Analysis showed that, for a given RON, a low sensitivity fuel would tend to have a wider operating window than a high sensitivity fuel. Analysis of the heat release for the experimental cases showed that this is due to the presence of low-temperature chemistry. Fuels that suppress low-temperature chemistry did not show low-temperature heat release (LTHR) and had a narrower stability window. At high temperatures, LTHR was suppressed for all fuels, as the temperature in the jet exceeded the ceiling temperature for low-temperature oxidation.

Download or read book Effect of Turbulence on Flame Initiation and Combustion Cyclic Variation in Spark Ignition Engines written by Mazen Hammoud and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improving the Performance and Fuel Consumption of Dual Chamber Stratified Charge Spark Ignition Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the nature of the combustion processes in a dual chamber stratified charge spark ignition engine is described. This work concentrated on understanding the mixing process in the main chamber gases. A specially constructed single cylinder engine was used to both conduct experiments to study mixing effects and to obtain experimental data for the validation of the computer model which was constructed in the theoretical portion of the study. The test procedures are described. Studies were conducted on the effect of fuel injection timing on performance and emissions using the combination of orifice size and prechamber to main chamber flow rate ratio which gave the best overall compromise between emissions and performance. In general, fuel injection gave slightly higher oxides of nitrogen, but considerably lower hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions than the carbureted form of the engine. Experiments with engine intake port redesign to promote swirl mixing indicated a substantial increase in the power output from the engine and, that an equivalent power levels, the nitric oxide emissions are approximately 30% lower with swirl in the main chamber than without swirl. The development of a computer simulation of the combustion process showed that a one-dimensional combustion model can be used to accurately predict trends in engine operation conditions and nitric oxide emissions even though the actual flame in the engine is not completely one-dimensional, and that a simple model for mixing of the main chamber and prechamber intake gases at the start of compression proved adequate to explain the effects of swirl, ignition timing, overall fuel air ratio, volumetric efficiency, and variations in prechamber air fuel ratio and fuel rate percentage on engine power and nitric oxide emissions. (LCL).

Download or read book Spark Ignition Engine Operation and Design for Minimum Exhaust Emission written by Thomas Allan Huls and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improving the Performances of the Combustion Engines by Improving the Ignition System written by Dragoş-George Astanei and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faced with the current and future more and more drastic standards for pollutant emissions, the car manufacturers are permanently trying to improve the efficiency of spark ignition engines. One of the most effective applicable solutions for reducing the quantity of pollutant emissions (HC, CO, NOx) from the exhaust gases and also to reduce the fuel consumption is to operate with very lean mixture (equivalent ratio lower than 0.6). However, this operation concept is limited by the actual ignition systems that cannot assure an air/fuel mixture ignition in good conditions, in order to assure a complete, fast and repeatable combustion. The subject of this thesis consists into developing of a new ignition system based on a double spark plug, which can produce two quasi-simultaneous spark discharges with cumulated length few times higher than the sparks produced by a conventional spark plug. For ignition system validation, three different types of analysis have been considered: the analysis of the discharges electrical parameters, the plasma diagnosis using optical emission spectroscopy methods and the tests of the ignition system on two internal combustion engines with the exhaust gases analysis and engine performances determination. The tests revealed that the utilization of the double spark ignition system can assure a better stability in engine operation (especially in difficult ignition conditions such using very lean mixtures), increased engine performances for the same amount of consumed fuel and it can provide a diminution of the unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide quantities from the exhaust gases, but with an increased quantity of nitrogen oxides, compared with a conventional ignition system.

Download or read book Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-10-19 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st Century Truck Partnership (21CTP), a cooperative research and development partnership formed by four federal agencies with 15 industrial partners, was launched in the year 2000 with high hopes that it would dramatically advance the technologies used in trucks and buses, yielding a cleaner, safer, more efficient generation of vehicles. Review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership critically examines and comments on the overall adequacy and balance of the 21CTP. The book reviews how well the program has accomplished its goals, evaluates progress in the program, and makes recommendations to improve the likelihood of the Partnership meeting its goals. Key recommendations of the book include that the 21CTP should be continued, but the future program should be revised and better balanced. A clearer goal setting strategy should be developed, and the goals should be clearly stated in measurable engineering terms and reviewed periodically so as to be based on the available funds.