Download or read book Colloidal Photonic Crystal Stationary Phases written by Ulrich Kamp and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromatography, the separation of complex molecule mixtures, is a very powerful analytical technique. Since its invention a century ago it has been continuously adapted and developed. Particulate beds are at the verge of being exchanged for continuous monolithic beds, columns lengths are shrinking towards the centimeter range. Research is driven by a demand for ever more efficient chromatography and integrated separation and analysis systems on chips.In twenty years the concept of light localization in three-dimensional periodic structures has created the constantly expanding field of photonic crystals. A facile bottom-up approach to photonic structures is the self-assembly of monodisperse colloidal microspheres. Emerging applications are non-linear optical devices, structural colors, and refractive index change sensitive sensors. There exists a continuous search for additional and alternative uses to benefit and apply gained knowledge from the colloidal photonic crystal research.The ideal particulate chromatographic stationary phase and the colloidal crystal structure share a related and comparable building plan. It is an appealing concept to merge aspects of these two fields. A synthesis of stationary phase and optically responsive crystal could lead to an actively sensing chromatographic bed.Here we produce colloidal photonic crystal films, monoliths, columns and their inverse constructs. The structures are examined for their structural and optical properties, as well as their suitability for optically responsive separation phases. An image processing method measuring refractive indices and refractive index changes is developed, which is based on the optical response of colloidal photonic crystal films and capillaries. Capillary colloidal crystals are brought to an applicable stage and are integrated into a nanovolume liquid chromatography system as microbore capillary columns.

Download or read book Theoretical Foundations and Application of Photonic Crystals written by Alexander Vakhrushev and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is devoted to the description of research and design of photonic crystals. Topics included in the book cover a wide range of research in the field of theoretical analysis and experimental investigation: the electromagnetic field in the photonic crystal, propagation of waves in the gyrotropic magnetophotonic crystals, low one-photon absorption, ultratransparent photonic crystals, colloidal assembly, photonic crystal application for development of all-optical computational system, design strategies for PC devices, self-organization of liquid crystalline nanostructures, and optical diodes. This book will be useful for engineers, technologists, researchers, and postgraduate students interested in the research, design, fabrication processes, and applications of photonic crystals.

Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Qihuang Gong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a broad overview of photonic crystals and, as the title suggests, covers their principles and applications. It is written from a physics point of view with an emphasis on materials science. Equations are well explained and often completely avoided to increase the readability of the book. The book is divided into eight chapters, starting with a brief introduction. The second chapter deals with different dimensionalities of the photonic crystals and their properties. The third chapter is very interestingly written and provides a survey of the various synthesis methods used for production of photonic crystals, including chemical routes, lithography, and self-assembly of colloidal photonic crystals. Chapters 4–8 constitute the bulk of the book and provide examples of applications of these photonic crystals. Chapter 4 offers a good explanation of optical switching. Bandgap and defect mode switching are also brought into focus along with many other mechanisms—14 different switching mechanisms in all, including thermal, electro, and magneto switching. Frequency tuning of photonic crystal filters with special attention to nanosize photonic crystals is illustrated, providing a direct perspective on applications of these materials in integrated photonic circuits. The transition from chapter 5 to 6 dealing with photonic crystal lasers is smooth, especially after a clear description of frequency tuning. Here, one- to three-dimensional photonic lasers are explained along with laser oscillations produced by a variety of microcavity methods. Metallodielectric and liquid-crystal photonic lasers are equally well illustrated. Chapter 7 introduces logic devices based on photonic crystals. This chapter clearly explains, with the help of simple illustrations, how to obtain AND, OR, and XOR logic gates. Chapter 8 concludes the book by presenting possible applications, including gas, chemical, fluid, and cell sensing; their workings are very well described from a fundamental point of view. The diagrams and illustrations are appropriate and eye catching. There are ample references; thus readers are able to find more detailed information to satisfy their curiosity if the book does not suffice. Even though the introduction provides basics of these photonic crystals, I do get the impression that the bigger picture is missing. A nonexpert may not understand the direct application of such materials right from the beginning of the book. A flowchart or a diagram of these photonic crystals, illustrating applications in daily life at the beginning of the book, could attract a broader readership. In this regard, I believe that this book is most adapted to physicists with a materials science background or vice versa. However, one should take into consideration that the principles of photonic crystals cannot be explained without physics, and therefore the quality of this book remains intact and could very well serve as a textbook for future physicists.

Download or read book Photonic Slabs with Anisotropic Colloid and Colloid Inspired Bases written by Erin Kathleen Riley and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of photonic crystals as 'semiconductors for light' has given rise to strategies for the design and fabrication of periodic dielectric materials with dramatic effects on photon dispersion relations. Photonic crystal theory has revealed numerous reduced symmetry and/or complex basis champion structures that enhance light-matter interactions and promote photonic band gap properties. Realizations of such structures at visible and near infrared wavelengths are often challenging and may be achieved a decade or more after they are envisioned. Colloidal self-assembly routes, in particular, have been desired for visible light control, low cost, ability to span from two- to three- dimensions and potentially large area, parallel processing. Thermodynamic simulation literature in the context of supramolecular chemistry studies indicates non-spherical building blocks hold promise for incorporating a rich diversity of packing arrangements inaccessible with commonly available spherical bases. Investigations in the synthesis and processing science foundations for obtaining order (i.e., mesophases and crystals) along with the optical characterization consistent with the thin film forms are essential to understanding structure-property correlations for photonic solids from colloids. This dissertation demonstrates the application of physical confinement to direct selfassembly. In addition, the photonic band gap characterization of two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D structures from mushroom cap and asymmetric dimer shaped colloids was performed using photonic crystal 'slab' configurations. Aqueous suspensions of micronsized mushroom cap-shaped particles were self-organized by gravitational sedimentation in a wedge-shaped confinement cell. The sequence of phases with increased cell height was studied with precise spatial and temporal resolution via fast confocal microscopy. In addition to the phase symmetry transitions found for spheres, rotator (i.e., plastic crystal) and orientation-dependent states were determined. The photonic band gap forming properties of the buckled phase observed in the mushroom-cap particle system under confinement were theoretically modeled. The 2D finite height photonic crystals with dielectric shaping in three dimensions imparted variation to the cross-sectional profile of the slab. The configuration is atypical for lithographic realizations of photonic slabs and also for 2D photonic crystal models assumed to extend infinitely with fixed cross-section along the z-axis. The experimentally tunable variables of shape and degree of buckling were captured using structural parameters. Complete band gaps in the guided modes were determined as a function of shape parameters, lattice distortion, filling fraction, refractive index contrast between low and high dielectric regions, etc. Slab structures were also modeled based on dimers (i.e., two adjacent or overlapping spheres) in centeredrectangular lattices previously realized through convective (i.e., evaporation-assisted) or confinement self-assembly. The degree of lobe fusion and the degree of lobe symmetry shape parameters accessible experimentally were mapped in addition to the structural and materials parameters. Large band gaps for each light polarization as well as polarization independent band gaps were found in a wide range of structures. Additionally, dimer cylinder bases on centered rectangular lattices were modeled to compare properties of realizations consistent with microfabrication using lithography and with colloidal processing for self-assembly of photonic templates. The study suggests that the ideation for structural design in slabs can be enriched by the combination of thermodynamicallyinspired structures with the ease of optimizing slab height (i.e., through lithographic fabrication).

Download or read book Handbook of Capillary and Microchip Electrophoresis and Associated Microtechniques written by James P. Landers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 1598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its third edition, this bestselling work continues to offer state-of-the-art information on the development and employment of capillary electrophoresis. With special emphasis on microseparations and microfluidics, it features new chapters describing the use of microchip electrophoresis and associated microtechniques, with a focus on the extraordinary breadth of work undertaken to expand CE methodologies in recent years. Enhanced by contributions from leading international experts, the Handbook of Capillary and Microchip Electrophoresis and Associated Microtechniques, Third Edition remains a seminal reference for the chemistry, biology, and engineering fields.

Download or read book Nanochemistry written by Geoffrey A Ozin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-01-17 with total page 875 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International interest in nanoscience research has flourished in recent years, as it becomes an integral part in the development of future technologies. The diverse, interdisciplinary nature of nanoscience means effective communication between disciplines is pivotal in the successful utilization of the science. Nanochemistry: A Chemical Approach to Nanomaterials is the first textbook for teaching nanochemistry and adopts an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach to the subject. It presents a basic chemical strategy for making nanomaterials and describes some of the principles of materials self-assembly over 'all' scales. It demonstrates how nanometre and micrometre scale building blocks (with a wide range of shapes, compositions and surface functionalities) can be coerced through chemistry to organize spontaneously into unprecedented structures, which can serve as tailored functional materials. Suggestions of new ways to tackle research problems and speculations on how to think about assembling the future of nanotechnology are given. Primarily designed for teaching, this book will appeal to graduate and advanced undergraduate students. It is well illustrated with graphical representations of the structure and form of nanomaterials and contains problem sets as well as other pedagogical features such as further reading, case studies and a comprehensive bibliography.

Download or read book Photonic Crystals and Light Localization in the 21st Century written by C.M. Soukoulis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Photonic Crystals and Light Localization, Crete, Greece, June 18-30, 2000

Download or read book Synthesis and Stop Band Tuning Application of Colloidal Photonic Crystal written by Jiqiang Xia and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phase Transitions in Colloidal Suspensions written by B. J. Ackerson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first five articles in this issue emphasize equilibrium phases and structures. The hard sphere properties of sterically stabilized particle suspensions are examined in the article by van Megan, Pusey and Bartlett, a colloidal compound is discussed by Hachisu and attractive interactions are shown to produce a full complement of phase transitions including a liquid/gas transition by Emmett and Vincent. Recent theoretical interest in the nature of melting in two dimensions has led to the investigation of the melting transition in colloidal systems where the particles are constrained to a single layer. Murray, Van Winkle and Wenk present experimental results supporting the view that two dimensional melting is mediated by two second order transitions, while Tang, Armstrong, Mockler and O'Sullivan present results suggesting a first order process in a similar colloidal monolayer.

Download or read book Fabrication and Defect Design in Two dimensional Colloidal Photonic Crystals written by Erik Peter Geiss and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Self assembled Anisotropic Colloid Systems for Photonic Applications written by Angela Carrier Stelson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photonic crystals are optical structures periodic on the length scale of light, and support useful attributes including photonic bandgaps (ranges of frequencies forbidden from propagating in the material), negative refraction and slow light effects (extremely low group velocity). Such effects have applications in sensors, waveguides, solid-state lighting, photovoltaics and superlenses, among others. The optical characteristics of a photonic crystal are determined by the interplay of structure, order and materials properties in the crystal. Self-assembled anisotropic colloids are attractive templates for photonic crystals due to their cost effectiveness and diversity of structures and symmetries. Introducing entropic and enthalpic effects to engineer inter-particle interactions increases the variety of phases and mesophases in anisotropic colloidal assemblies. In this dissertation, the photonic properties of self-assembly inspired structures are investigated via electromagnetic simulations. New paradigms for self-assembled photonic crystals are developed, and desirable properties such as photonic bandgaps, negative refraction, and slow light are correlated with structural and materials parameters informed by colloidal assemblies. Specifically, the photonic crystal properties of partial order rotator crystals, Archimedean tilings, and quasi-two dimensional 'slab' crystalline structures are investigated. All three systems display large photonic bandgaps. Slow light effects are observed in the rotator crystal and Archimedean tilings. As well, negative refractive index is predicted in the 'slab' crystal and the Archimedean tiling. These projects open new frontiers for research to manipulate self-assembled systems for photonics. Additionally, the assembly of colloidal C60 platelets is investigated under two-dimensional confinement and electric field. The C60 platelets are synthesized via a co-solvent precipitation method. The particles assemble under dipolar forces, dielectrophoretic forces, and electrohydrodynamic flows. Frequency-dependent phase transitions occur at the critical Maxwell-Wagner crossover frequency, where the effective polarizability of the particles in the medium is substantially reduced. Structures form as a function of field strength, frequency and confinement including hexagonal, oblique, string fluid, coexistent hexagonal-rhombic, and tetratic.

Download or read book Assessment of Colloidal Self assembly for Photonic Crystal written by Chan Hoe Yip and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A suspension of monodisperse colloids has an interesting property of self-assembling into a three-dimensional ordered structure. This crystalline material has attracted significant interest on the implementation of photonic crystals, which have practical applications in reflectors, filters, resonators, and waveguides. In this thesis, self-assembly of colloidal crystals and photonic crystal technologies are reviewed. Potential colloidal photonic and non-photonic devices were presented and their values/limitations were discussed. Colloidal photonic crystals were assessed on their technical capabilities, growth techniques and fabrication cost. In this assessment, the bulk colloidal photonic crystals are found to be inherently robust against stacking disorder, cracks and voids. The high reflectance performance and lattice parameter tailoring are useful for implementing reflectors, optical switch and sensors. Besides, the anomalous dispersion characteristic near to the band edges or near to flat bands of the photonic band diagram is suited for superprism and light harvesting applications. Potentially, the unique characteristics of colloidal photonic crystal could be capitalized in a low cost micro-fabrication model. Finally, the study has shown that it is more technically and commercially viable to implement bulk colloidal photonic crystal applications rather than lithographically-defined types.

Download or read book Fabrication and Analysis of 3D Colloidal Photonic Crystals written by Ka Ho Man and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Entropically Driven Self Assembly of Colloidal Crystals on Templates in Space written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Photonic Crystals written by Pankaj Kumar Choudhury and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of dielectric mirrors is very important in optics. These are used for several purposes like imaging, fabricating laser cavities, and so on. The basis for the propagation of photons in dielectric mediums is the same as electrons in solid crystals. If the electrons can be diffracted by a periodic potential well, photons could also be equally well diffracted by a periodic modulation of the refractive index of the medium. This idea led to the development of many new artificial photonic materials and optical micro- and nanostructures. Since the mechanism of light guidance is essentially due to the microstructural features of the medium, a wide variety of photonic structures, e.g., photonic band-gap fibers in 1D and photonic band-gap crystals in 2D and 3D, can be realized. Photonic Crystals - A Glimpse of the Current Research Trends essentially highlights the recent developments in the arena of photonic crystal research. It is expected to be useful for expert as well as novice researchers; the former group of readers would be abreast of recent research advancements, whereas the latter group would benefit from grasping knowledge delivered by expert scientists.

Download or read book On Improving the Optical Quality of Colloidal Photonic Crystals microform written by Mathieu Allard and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work advances the understanding of the impact of lattice disorder on the optical properties of colloidal photonic crystals. It also demonstrates and quantifies improvements in the structural and optical quality of the crystals through refinements of the fabrication techniques. Arrays of colloidal particles were grown on substrates covered with holographic relief gratings realized in photoresist films. When the grating pitch was commensurate with the particle size, a uniform lattice orientation was imposed in the crystals. The enhancement in crystal order was visible for thicknesses as large as 40 layers. The impact of lattice disorder on the optical properties of colloidal photonic crystals was investigated numerically. The greatest impact on the optical properties came from size non-uniformity of colloidal particles. A novel algorithm, based on simulated annealing, was used to generate densely packed arrays of spheres with a given size distribution. When the size standard deviation was larger than 3%, a transition from ordered to random-packed arrangements was observed, along with large and sudden changes in optical properties, in the form of increased scattering and reduced contrast associated with the 111 stopband in transmittance spectra. The abruptness of this transition increased with decreasing index contrast. The numerical results agreed well with experimental results. The enhancement of long-range order was further demonstrated and quantified by optical techniques. The diffraction patterns produced when a collimated laser beam illuminated colloidal crystals were shown to be capable of revealing whether the crystals were mono- or poly-crystalline. Quantitative information about internal ordering was also extracted from diffraction spectra: the photon mean free path in the crystal was estimated to be in the range of 3 to 58 lattice constants, depending on the crystal growth conditions.

Download or read book Advances in Chemical Bioanalysis written by Frank-Michael Matysik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expert authors provide critical, in-depth reviews of available methods for retrieving selective information out of complex biological systems. Sensors, probes and devices are present and future tools of medicinal diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food analysis and molecular biology. These are based on fluorescence, electrochemistry and mass spectrometry. Coverage of this volume includes sensor development for the detection of small analytes, monitoring of biomolecular interactions, analysis of cellular function, development of diagnostic tools.