Download or read book Cold War and The Income Tax written by Edmund Wilson and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The truth is that the people of the United States are at the present time dominated and driven by two kinds of officially propagated fear: fear of the Soviet Union and fear of the income tax. These two terrors have been adjusted so as to complement one another and thus to keep the citizen of our free society under the strain of a double pressure from which he finds himself unable to escape -- like the man in the old Western story, who, chased into a narrow ravine by a buffalo, is confronted with a grizzly bear. If we fail to accept the tax, the Russian buffalo will butt and trample us, and if we try to defy the tax, the federal bear will crush us. The 60,000 officials who are appointed to check on us taxpayers are checked on, themselves, it seems, by another group of agents set to watch them. And supplementing these officials -- since private citizens are paid by the Internal Revenue Service to report on other people's delinquencies, and their names of course are never revealed -- there is a whole host of amateur investigators. . . Does this kind of spying and delation differ much in its incitement to treachery from that which is encouraged in the Soviet Union?

Download or read book The Cold War and the Income Tax written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book War and Taxes written by Steven A. Bank and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 2008 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: This book explores the long history of American taxation during times of war. As political scientist David Mayhew recently observed, since it's founding in 1789, the United States has conducted hot wars for some 38 years, occupied the South militarily for a decade, waged the Cold War for several decades, and staged countless smaller actions against Indian tribes or foreign powers. The cost of these activities has been immense, with important and lasting consequences for the tax system, the economy, and the nation's political structure. By focusing on tax legislation, we hope to identify some of these consequences. But we are not interested in simply recounting statutory details. Rather, we hope to illuminate the politics of war taxation, with a special focus on the influence of arguments concerning "shaped sacrifice" in shaping wartime tax policy. Moreover, we aim to shed light on a less examined aspect of this history by offering a detailed account of wartime opposition to increased taxes.

Download or read book Arms Revenue and Entitlements written by William Mannen and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the second half of the twentieth century, strategic and economic conditions compelled the U.S. government to start running budget deficits on a permanent basis. A new role of global leadership in containing communism required a robust military establishment. The federal government overwhelmingly relied for general revenue on an income tax code that also could not impede economic growth. And general revenue increasingly funded transfer payments in an expanding entitlement state. Fiscal overstretch resulted in unending deficits that continue to this day. At first the shift to deficit normality was not obvious. The Truman and Eisenhower administrations attempted to hold the line on deficits, but this commitment gradually waned in subsequent years. Arms, Revenue, and Entitlements: U.S. Deficits in the Cold War, 1945–1991 looks at the Cold War era from a budgetary perspective and how defense spending, income tax reductions, and entitlement programs all contributed to the emergence of the deficit normative state. As national debt continues to climb in the twenty-first century, Arms, Revenue, and Entitlements shows how the U.S. reached this point and how a comprehensive policy approach might again restore fiscal stability.

Download or read book The American Way in Taxation written by Lillian Doris and published by . This book was released on 2012-05-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Henderson s War Tax Guide written by Elias Heckman Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Abolition of Taxes on Factory and Office Workers and Other Measures to Advance the Well being of the Soviet People written by Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Making the Rich Pay for the War written by Jakob Frizell and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The total wars of the modern era triggered the expansion of redistributive taxation in the West, contributing to an unprecedented decline in economic inequality. After 1945, armed conflicts have continued to ravage mainly low- and middle-income societies. Disparate in appearance, these contemporary conflicts, including civil wars, led to the same dire fiscal pressures and inequitable socio-economic outcomes as their historic predecessors. Yet their impact on tax policy has until now remained opaque. Drawing on the historical experience of the West, a more general theory of the positive link between war and redistributive taxation is developed, based on three complementary causal pathways. War-time tax-increases are driven by revenue needs; facilitated by citizens' fiscal patriotism; but crucially skewed towards the rich by popular demands for fiscal fairness, induced by the inequities of war itself. To test these arguments, I analyse original data on war-time taxation through a mixed methods research design. First, the causal effect of conflict on redistributive taxation is estimated through an econometric analysis of yearly data on top personal income tax rates, collected for a quasi-exhaustive sample of 61 conflict-affected countries over six decades. Extending the analysis, the introduction of designated war taxes - a particularly informative subset of war-time taxes - across the contemporary world is mapped and analysed through comparative statistics and micro-case studies. Finally, two single case studies - one primary (Croatia) and one auxiliary (Syria) - are studied in-depth with a particular focus on causal pathways and conditional factors. The results show that contemporary armed conflicts have led to exceptionally redistributive taxation, no less so than in Western history. The link, however, disappears after the Cold War. With the initial conditions persisting, an array of evidence indicates that this was a direct result of the post-Cold War macro-political shifts, leading to the expansion of the neoliberal paradigm and the emergence of increasingly powerful conflict-elites, both erecting barriers towards progressive taxes.

Download or read book The Cost of Winning written by Michael Cosgrove and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Cost of Winning, Michael H. Cosgrove describes how the United States used economic policies to contain the Soviet Union during the post-World War n era and how those policies turned a vibrant American economy into one of broken promises and declining power. Cosgrove defines and examines the five economic building blocks used to contain the Soviets in America's Golden Age: the Marshall Plan, free trade, federal income tax policy, the American defense umbrella, and plentiful and cheap oil from the Middle East. He explains how policies supporting these building blocks allowed U.S. taxpayers to both contain the Soviets and enjoy a rapidly rising standard of living. America's economic superstate began to crumble, however, with President Nixon's August 1971 decision to abandon the gold quasi-standard and Saudi Arabia's 1973 decision to cut oil shipments to America. Lean years for the American economy set in. When the American economy could no longer deliver the American dream, entitlements were increased in an attempt to fill the gap between expectations and what the private sector could provide. Since the early 1970s, real purchasing power has been steadily eroding for approximately 75 million private sector workers. The American dream that a good education would lead to a decent job and a rising standard of living in a safe neighborhood has been dashed. Violent crime in America increases while expenditures on public safety rapidly increase. Will America be the first world power to reverse its relative decline? Cosgrove maintains that Congress must initiate the upward process by restructuring itself. Rather than meeting in Washington, D.C., Congress should meet a maximum three to four months per year at a different site each year to achieve "American revitalization." Cosgrove's solutions to the problems of crime include law enforcement through use of bounty hunters to identify and capture alleged criminals, and to establish a fixed penalty system for violent crimes to make costs of committing crime clearer to everyone. Certain to be controversial, this intriguing examination of the state of affairs in the United States, and the author's recommended policies will be compelling reading for sociologists, policymakers, economists, and scholars with an interest in applied public policy for the long haul.

Download or read book America s Peace Dividend written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book What s Fair on the Air written by Heather Hendershot and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-07-15 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of right-wing broadcasting during the Cold War has been mostly forgotten today. But in the 1950s and ’60s you could turn on your radio any time of the day and listen to diatribes against communism, civil rights, the United Nations, fluoridation, federal income tax, Social Security, or JFK, as well as hosannas praising Barry Goldwater and Jesus Christ. Half a century before the rise of Rush Limbaugh and Glenn Beck, these broadcasters bucked the FCC’s public interest mandate and created an alternate universe of right-wing political coverage, anticommunist sermons, and pro-business bluster. A lively look back at this formative era, What’s Fair on the Air? charts the rise and fall of four of the most prominent right-wing broadcasters: H. L. Hunt, Dan Smoot, Carl McIntire, and Billy James Hargis. By the 1970s, all four had been hamstrung by the Internal Revenue Service, the FCC’s Fairness Doctrine, and the rise of a more effective conservative movement. But before losing their battle for the airwaves, Heather Hendershot reveals, they purveyed ideological notions that would eventually triumph, creating a potent brew of religion, politics, and dedication to free-market economics that paved the way for the rise of Ronald Reagan, the Moral Majority, Fox News, and the Tea Party.

Download or read book Taxing Wars written by Sarah Elizabeth Kreps and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Why have the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq lasted longer than any others in American history? One view is that the move to an all-volunteer force and drones have allowed the wars to continue almost unnoticed for years. Taxing Wars suggests how Americans bear the burden in treasure has also changed, with recent wars financed by debt rather than taxes. This shift has eroded accountability and contributed to the phenomenon of perpetual war"--

Download or read book Henderson s War Tax Guide Act of October 3 1917 written by Elias Heckman Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Law and Class in America written by Paul Carrington and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2006-06 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Law and Class in America, a group of leading legal scholars reflect on the state of the law from the end of the Cold War to the present, grappling with a central question posed to them by Paul D. Carrington and Trina Jones: have recent legal reforms exacerbated class differences in America? In a substantive introduction, Carrington and Jones assert that legal changes from the late-20th century onward have been increasingly elitist and unconcerned with the lives of poor people having little access to the legal system. Contributors use this position as a springboard to review developments in their own particular fields and to assess whether or not legal decisions and processes have contributed to a widening gap between privileged and unprivileged people in this country. From antitrust and bankruptcy to tax and election law, the essays in this unique volume invite readers to reflect thoughtfully on socio-economic justice in the new century, and suggest that a lack of progressive reform in all areas of law may herald a form of undiagnosed class dominance reminiscent of America's Gilded Age. Contributors: Margaret A. Berger, M. Gregg Bloche, David L. Callies, Paul D. Carrington, Paul Y. K. Castle, Lance Compa, James D. Cox, Paula A. Franzese, Marc Galanter, Julius G. Getman, Lawrence O. Gostin, Joel F. Handler, Trina Jones, Thomas E. Kauper, Sanford Levinson, John Linehan, Joseph D. McNamara, Burt Neuborne, Jeffrey O'Connell, Judith Resnik, Richard L. Schmalbeck, Danielle Sarah Seiden, Richard E. Speidel, Gerald Torres, David M. Trubek, Elizabeth Warren, and Lawrence A. Zelenak.

Download or read book Federal Taxation in America written by W. Elliot Brownlee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-05-03 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief survey is a comprehensive historical overview of the US federal tax system.

Download or read book Reducing the Deficit written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Price of Liberty written by Robert D. Hormats and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2007-05-01 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a bracing work of history, a leading international finance expert reveals how our national security depends on our financial security More than two centuries ago, America's first secretary of the treasury, Alexander Hamilton, identified the Revolutionary War debt as a threat to the nation's creditworthiness and its very existence. In response, he established financial principles for securing the country—principles that endure to this day. In this provocative history, Robert D. Hormats, one of America's leading experts on international finance, shows how leaders from Madison and Lincoln to FDR and Reagan have followed Hamilton's ideals, from the greenback and a progressive income tax to the Victory Bond and Victory Garden campaigns and cost-sharing with allies. Drawing on these historical lessons, Hormats argues that the rampant borrowing to pay for the war in Iraq and the short-sighted tax cuts in the face of a long-term war on terrorism run counter to American tradition and place our country's security in peril. To meet the threats facing us, Hormats contends, we must significantly realign our economic policies—on taxes, Social Security, Medicare, and oil dependency—to safeguard our liberty and our future.