Download or read book Cohen s Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult E Book written by Louis H. Berman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive endodontics reference, Cohen’s Pathways of the Pulp is known for its comprehensive coverage of leading-edge information, materials, and techniques. It examines all aspects of endodontic care, from preparing the clinician and patient for endodontic treatment to the role the endodontist can play in the treatment of traumatic injuries and to the procedures used in the treatment of pediatric and older patients. Not only does Hargreaves and Cohen’s 10th edition add five chapters on hot new topics, it also includes online access! As an Expert Consult title, Cohen’s Pathways of the Pulp lets you search the entire contents of the book on your computer, and includes five online chapters not available in the printed text, plus videos, a searchable image collection, and more. For evidence-based endodontics research and treatment, this is your one-stop resource!

Download or read book Pathways of the Pulp written by Stephen Cohen and published by Mosby Elsevier Health Science. This book was released on 1994 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cohen s Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult written by Louis H. Berman, DDS, FACD and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-10-02 with total page 1143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Find the latest evidence-based research and clinical treatments! Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp, 11th Edition covers the science, theory, and practice of endondontics with chapters written by internationally renowned experts. Full-color illustrations and detailed radiographs guide you through each step of endodontic care - from diagnosis and treatment planning to proven techniques for managing pulpal and periapical diseases. New to the print edition are seven new chapters, and the eBook version adds three more. As an Expert Consult title, Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp lets you search the entire contents of the book on your desktop or mobile device, and includes videos, case studies, and more. Edited by noted specialists Kenneth Hargreaves and Louis Berman, this book is the definitive resource in endodontics! Print version of the text includes 27 comprehensive chapters and meets the CODA requirements for endodontic dental education. EBook version of the text consists of 30 searchable chapters, including the 27 chapters in the print version, and features videos, PowerPoint® slides, review questions, case studies, and more; this expanded version makes it easy to find clinical answers quickly, and meets the needs of students, clinicians, and residents in endodontics. Videos and animations demonstrate key procedures such as palpation of the masseter muscle, introsseous anesthesia with the X-tipT system, dentin hypersensitivity, indirect ultrasound, palpation of the temporomandibular joint, and ultrasonic settling. Over 2,000 illustrations include full-color photos and line art, along with a wide range of radiographs, clearly demonstrating core concepts and reinforcing the essential principles and techniques of endodontics. NEW co-editor Dr. Louis H. Berman joins lead editor Dr. Kenneth M. Hargreaves for this edition, and a respected team of contributors includes experts from many U.S.-based dental education programs, as well as programs in Canada, the U.K., Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. NEW chapter organization reflects the chronology of endodontic treatment with three comprehensive sections: Clinical Endodontics, focusing on core clinical concepts, and Biological Basis of Endodontics and Endodontics in Clinical Practice, both with information that advanced students, endodontic residents, and clinicians need to know. NEW! Three chapters are available in the eBook: Understanding and Managing the Anxious Patient, Endodontic Records and Legal Responsibilities, and Endodontic Practice Management. NEW Radiographic Interpretation chapter clarifies the diagnostic process with coverage of imaging modalities, diagnostic tasks, three-dimensional imaging, cone beam computed tomography, intra- or post-operative assessment of endodontic treatment complications, and more. NEW Pain Control chapter addresses the management of acute endodontic pain with coverage of local anesthesia for restorative dentistry and endodontics, along with nonnarcotic analgesics and therapeutic recommendations. NEW Evaluation of Outcomes chapter helps you achieve optimal treatment outcomes with information on topics such as the reasons for evaluating outcomes, outcome measurements for endodontic treatment, and the outcomes of vital pulp therapy procedures, non-surgical root canal treatment, non-surgical retreatment, and surgical retreatment. NEW Root Resorption chapter covers the early detection, diagnosis, and histological features of root resorption, as well as external inflammatory resorption, external cervical resorption, and internal resorption. NEW Iatrogenic Endodontics chapter addresses failed treatment scenarios with key information on the event itself, the etiology, soft and hard tissue implications and symptoms, and treatment options and prognosis; the events include cervico-facial subcutaneous emphysema, sodium hypochlorite accidents, perforations (non-surgical), inferior alveolar nerve injury, surgical, sinus perforation, instrument separation, apical extrusion of obturation materials, and ledge formation. NEW Vital Pulp Therapy chapter provides an overview of new treatment concepts for the preservation of the pulpally involved permanent tooth, covering topics such as the living pulp, pulpal response to caries, procedures for generating reparative dentin, indications and materials for vital pulp therapy, MTA applications, and treatment recommendations. NEW Bleaching chapter addresses procedures that can be utilized during and following endodontic treatment to eliminate or reduce any discoloration issues, reviewing internal and external bleaching procedures and their impact on pulpal health/endodontic treatment - with presentations of cases and clinical protocols.

Download or read book Cohen s Pathways of the Pulp E Book written by Louis H. Berman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-09-08 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stay up on the latest research and techniques in endodontics with Cohen’s Pathways of the Pulp, 12th Edition. Written by a team of internationally renowned experts and trusted for more than 40 years, this definitive guide covers the science, theory, and practice of endodontics. Full color illustrations and detailed radiographs guide readers through each step of endodontic care — from diagnosis and treatment planning to proven techniques for managing pulpal and periapical diseases. This new twelfth edition also boasts the very latest evidence-based research and techniques, reorganized and condensed chapters, plus other features designed to help you locate important information quickly and easily. Complete with access to Expert Consult, it’s everything you need to stay ahead in the field of endodontics. Extensive illustration collection includes over 2,000 full-color photos, line art, and radiographs to clearly demonstrate core concepts and reinforce the essential principles and techniques of endodontics. Video clips and case studies demonstrate key procedures such as palpation of the masseter muscle, introsseous anesthesia with the X-tip system, dentin hypersensitivity, and more. Diverse and respected contributor pool includes experts from many national- and international-based dental education programs. NEW! Updated content and new images incorporate the most recent developments in research and clinical endodontic techniques. NEW! Additional topics cover pulp biology, pathobiology, diagnosis, treatment planning, pain control, isolation, access, cleaning and shaping, obturation, restoration, assessment of outcomes, emergencies and surgery. Each online topic comes with assigned reading lists, a PowerPoint lecture, written lesson objectives, and example exam questions. NEW! Compliance with the Commission on Dental Accreditation Curriculum ensures that the needs of all dental programs are met. NEW! Reorganized sections now divide chapters by those covering clinical endodontics, those covering the biological basis of endodontics, and chapters which detail endodontics in private practice to make content easier for both clinicians and students to navigate. NEW! Condensed chapters remove unnecessary duplication of content across the text and make the physical text lighter and easier to use.

Download or read book Misch s Contemporary Implant Dentistry written by Randolph Resnik and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-01-25 with total page 1267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental implant surgery is an artform. To help you advance your skills and become a master of implant prosthetics, Misch's Contemporary Implant Dentistry, 4th Edition uses a multidisciplinary approach to cover the industry’s most current processes and surgical procedures. The new edition of this text continues to provide comprehensive, state-of-the-art information on the science and discipline of contemporary implant dentistry. Covering the breadth of dental implant surgery, it includes full-color, in-depth coverage of both simple and complicated clinical cases, with practical guidance on how to apply the latest research, diagnostic tools, treatment planning, implant designs, and materials. New author Randolph R. Resnik, is an internationally known educator, clinician, and researcher in the field of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics who will continue Dr. Misch’s legacy and teachings. Content reflects original author’s philosophy and surgical protocols for dental implants giving you a system for achieving predictable outcomes. Evidence-based approach to dental implant procedures features state-of-the-art guidance supported by the best available research evidence. Rich art program throughout text highlights and clarifies key clinical concepts and techniques with over 2,500 images, radiographs, full-color clinical photographs, line art, and diagrams. Definitive resource in implant dentistry provides you with authoritative state-of-the art guidance by recognized leader in the field. Internationally known author, Randolph R. Resnik, DMD, MDS is a leading educator, clinician, author and researcher in the field of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics. Surgical protocols provide the latest, most up-to-date literature and techniques that provide a proven system for comprehensive surgical treatment of dental implant patients. Thoroughly revised content includes current diagnostic pharmacologic and medical evaluation recommendations to furnish the reader with the latest literature-based information. Proven strategies and fundamentals for predictable implant outcomes Latest implant surgical techniques for socket grafting and ridge augmentation procedures Proven, evidence-based solutions for the treatment of peri-implant disease Includes the use of dermal fillers and botox in oral implantology Up-to-date information on advances in the field reflects the state-of-the-art dental implantology. Addition of an ExpertConsult site allows you to search the entire book electronically.

Download or read book Endodontics written by Mahmoud Torabinejad and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 4th edition is an essential scientific & clinical building block for understanding the etiology & treatment of teeth with pulpal & periapical diseases. You'll easily understand & learn procedures through step-by-step explanations accompanied by illustrations, as well as video clips included on CD.

Download or read book Textbook of Endodontics written by Nisha Garg and published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endodontics is the prevention, diagnosis and management of diseases of the tooth pulp and the tissues surrounding the root of a tooth. This new edition is a complete guide to endodontics for dental students. Divided into 39 chapters, the book covers numerous procedures and case studies and the text is further enhanced by more than 1500 clinical photographs, diagrams and tables. The fourth edition has been fully revised, and new topics added, to provide students with the latest information and advances in the field. Key points and clinical tips are highlighted for each topic and questions are included at the end of each chapter to assist exam preparation. Key points Complete guide to endodontics for dental students Fully revised, new edition providing latest advances in the field Includes more than 1500 clinical photographs, diagrams and tables Previous edition (9789350909522) published in 2013

Download or read book Pediatric Endodontics written by Anna Fuks and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides dental professionals with a clear understanding of current clinical and scientific knowledge on the various aspects of pulp treatment for both primary and young permanent teeth. Diagnostic parameters are clearly presented, along with step-by-step descriptions of clinical procedures, including indirect and direct pulp treatments, pulpotomy, and pulpectomy. The rationale for the materials used in each technique and their individual merits and disadvantages are examined in detail. In the case of pulpotomy, all the materials used since the introduction of this treatment modality are discussed (e.g., formocresol, glutaraldehyde, ferric sulfate, and MTA) and the roles of sodium hypochlorite, electrofulguration, and laser therapy are elucidated. Special attention is devoted to pulpectomy and root canal treatment, with consideration of debriding and obturation techniques, rinsing solutions, and root-filling pastes. A further individual chapter is dedicated to restorations of teeth treated with the different types of pulp therapy. The various conservative treatment modalities are also presented, including specific treatments for immature nonvital permanent teeth. The concluding chapter looks to the future and the potential value of stem cells in pulp therapy.​

Download or read book Atlas of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery E Book written by Paul Tiwana and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 1972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhance your surgical skills with Atlas of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2nd Edition! Written by respected international contributors and edited by OMS experts Paul Tiwana and Deepak Kademani, the new edition of this practical, comprehensive guide is divided into two volumes with eBook access included with the print purchase. It offers detailed, step-by-step instructions and more than 2,500 full-color illustrations that demonstrate how to plan for and perform oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures safely and efficiently. Comprehensive and expanded coverage addresses the broad scope of the specialty, ranging from the surgical anatomy of the head and neck to oral surgery, implant surgery, orthognathic and craniofacial surgery, cleft lip and palate, craniomaxillofacial trauma, head and neck oncology, reconstructive procedures, TMJ surgery, facial cosmetic surgery, obstructive sleep apnea, and more. Comprehensive, consistent approach to OMS operative procedures offers practical guidance for the management of patients with oral and maxillofacial disorders, with each surgical procedure chapter approximately six to eight pages in length and covering the following topics: armamentarium, history of the procedure, indications for use of the procedure, limitations and contraindications, technique, alternate or modified technique, avoidance and management of intraoperative complications, and postoperative considerations. More than 2,500 images include vibrant, modern medical illustrations and clinical photos that make up the heart of each surgical chapter and bring it to life visually. Detailed, step-by-step approach shows how to perform OMS surgical procedures safely and efficiently. Coverage of alternative and modified techniques addresses options beyond the standard techniques. Expert, international contributors provide authoritative guidance on the OMS procedures they typically perform. NEW! Two-volume extended edition is easier to navigate and includes extensive updates throughout. NEW! More than 30 new chapters expand the coverage of implants, craniofacial surgery, and facial cosmetic surgery — plus an all-new section discusses obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). NEW! An eBook version included only with print purchase allows you to access all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.

Download or read book Harty s Endodontics in Clinical Practice E Book written by Bun San Chong and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a guide to proven, current clinical endodontic practice. It is designed, primarily, with the undergraduate readership in mind but is also suitable for anyone pursuing specialist training, including extended skills in endodontics, and general dental practitioners undertaking CPD, or wishing to keep up-to-date. The seventh edition is available with an online question bank containing MCQs and Clinical Cases. Practical approach to the subject, taking the reader through every step of endodontic practice from its scientific basis to patient assessment and through to clinical techniques Helpful pedagogic features – including Learning Outcomes and Summary Boxes – help reinforce learning International experts and contributors help ensure good coverage and currency of information Explores areas of debate when they exist to reflect differing approaches to treatment intervention Explains the potential impact of systemic conditions and disorders, as well as medications, on endodontic treatment planning and management Discusses the diagnosis of orofacial pain and the appropriate use of antibiotics and analgesics Explores the maintenance of pulp vitality and the prevention of apical periodontitis in the context of operative dentistry Provides an overview of instruments and devices used during endodontic treatment Describes the fundamental principles of canal filling using gutta-percha, as well as the use of alternative materials, and newer root filling techniques Discusses the management of dental trauma with emphasis on accurate diagnosis, timely and appropriate treatment, and follow-up Explores the interface between endodontic-periodontal disease in the context of diagnosis, treatment and prognostic assessment Discusses common challenges such as inadequate pain control and problems with preparation and filling of the root canal system Written at a level which is ideal for dental students, general dental practitioners and those pursuing specialist training or seeking to keep up-to-date Comes with access to an online question bank containing a wide range of MCQs and Clinical Cases to help reinforce learning! Richly illustrated with over 80 colour artworks – many created by the Gray’s Anatomy illustration team – and 350 photographs, many of which are previously unpublished Explores advances in our understanding of the role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular diseases and the role of host defence response against root canal infection Explores the use of newer imaging techniques such as three-dimensional tomography in determining pulp space anatomy and in treatment planning Explains recent advances in material technology, molecular biology and regenerative medicine in the management of deep caries and maintenance of pulp vitality Explores the effective use of existing and newer chemomechanical preparation techniques and intracanal medication for thorough root canal system decontamination Explores advances in the techniques available for restoring endodontically treated teeth

Download or read book Problem Solving in Endodontics written by James L. Gutmann and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on those areas in endodontics that present the most difficulty in successful diagnosis and treatment. Key areas such as locating and negotiating fine and calcified canals, canal cleaning and shaping, root canal obturation, non-surgical root canal retreatment and management of endodontic emergencies are addressed in a systematic, problem-solving manner which stresses prevention of problems in treatment, identification of problems already present or occurring during a treatment, and management of such problems when they are recognised. All common problems are addressed, and solutions are provided in a step-by-step fashion. Covers creative and contemporary techniques designed to manage both common and unusual problems Includes practical everyday type cases Details new and contemporary concepts in the problem-solving management of dental trauma

Download or read book Essential Endodontology written by Dag Orstavik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authoritative reference that continues to present a systematic analysis of the scientific basis of endodontology The third edition of Essential Endodontology: Prevention and Treatment of Apical Periodontitis has been revised and updated to include the most recent developments in the field, maintaining its position as the major scientific treatise of apical periodontitis. Making an often-complex subject more digestible, the book explores the scientific basis of endodontology, adopting a systematic analysis of the available clinical and laboratory evidence. Promoting apical periodontitis as a disease entity, the comprehensive third edition focuses on its biology and clinical features, enabling the reader to have a better understanding of its diagnosis, prevention and treatment. In addition to thorough updates and full colour illustrations throughout, a new chapter on regenerative endodontics has been added to this edition. Written with a focus on the scientific basis of endodontology Includes a new chapter on regenerative endodontics Presents the most current information and major developments in this fast-moving field Provides helpful learning outcomes in each chapter Contains full colour illustrations, enriching the text Features contributions from a noted panel of international experts, including new contributors from across the globe Regarded as a vital companion to the pursuit of excellence in postgraduate and specialist education, Essential Endodontology is an indispensable and accessible resource for practicing endodontists, postgraduate students of endodontology and those seeking professional certification in endodontology.

Download or read book White and Pharoah s Oral Radiology E Book written by Stuart C. White and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written specifically for dentists, White and Pharoah’s Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation 8th Edition incorporates over 1,500 high-quality radiographic images and illustrations to demonstrate core concepts and essential principles and techniques of oral and maxillofacial radiology. The new edition of this bestselling book delivers with state-of-the-art information on oral radiology principles and techniques, and image interpretation. Dental student will gain a solid foundation in radiation physics, radiation biology, and radiation safety and protection before introducing including specialized techniques such as MRI and CT. As well, students will learn how to recognize the key radiographic features of pathologic conditions and interpret radiographs accurately. The 8th edition also includes new chapters on Radiologic Anatomy, Beyond 3D Imaging, and Diseases Affecting the Structure of Bone. A practical guide to using today’s technology, this unique text helps your students provide state-of-the-art care! Over 1,500 high quality dental radiographs, full color photos, and illustrations clearly demonstrate core concepts and reinforce the essential principles and techniques of oral and maxillofacial radiology. Updated Extensive coverage of all aspects of oral and maxillofacial radiology includes the entire predoctoral curriculum. A wide array of radiographic images including advanced imaging such as MRI and CT. An easy-to-follow format simplifies the key radiographic features of each pathologic condition, including location, periphery, shape, internal structure, and effects on surrounding structures — placed in context with clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management. Expert contributors include many authors with worldwide reputations. Case studies apply imaging concepts to real-world scenarios. NEW! New editors Sanjay Mallya and Ernest Lam along with new contributors bring a fresh perspective on oral radiology. NEW! Chapter! Beyond 3D Imaging introduces applications of 3D imaging such as stereolithic models. NEW! Chapter Radiological Anatomy includes all radiological anatomy content allowing you to better visualize and understand normal appearances of structures on conventional and contemporary imaging, side-by-side. NEW! Coverage of Diseases Affecting the Structure of Bone consolidated into one chapter to simplify foundational basic science information and its applications to radiologic interpretation.

Download or read book Ingle s Endodontics written by Ilan Rotstein, DDS and published by PMPH USA. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 2984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ingle’s Endodontics, 7th edition, is the most recent revision of the text that has been known as the “Bible of Endodontics” for half a century. The new edition, published in two volumes, continues the tradition of including the expertise of international leaders in the field. Eighty-six authors contributed cutting-edge knowledge and updates on topics that have formed the core of this book for years. New chapters reflect the ways in which the field of endodontics has evolved over the 50 years since the pioneer John I. Ingle authored Endodontics. Ingle’s Endodontics will continue to be the standard against which all other endodontic texts will be measured. The 40 chapters are arranged in two volumes under three sections: The Science of Endodontics; The Practice of Endodontics: Diagnosis, Clinical Decision Making, Management, Prognosis; and Interdisciplinary Endodontics. With contributions from the world’s experts in all phases of the specialty, Ingle’s Endodontics, 7th edition promises to be an indispensable dentistry textbook, an essential part of every endodontist’s library.

Download or read book Cohen s Pathways of the Pulp South Asia Edition E Book written by Kenneth M. Hargreaves and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-12-24 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stay up on the latest research and techniques in endodontics with Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp, 12th Edition, SAE. Written by a team of internationally renowned experts and trusted for more than 40 years, this definitive guide covers the science, theory, and practice of endodontics. Full color illustrations and detailed radiographs guide readers through each step of endodontic care â " from diagnosis and treatment planning to proven techniques for managing pulpal and periapical diseases. This new twelfth edition also boasts the very latest evidence-based research and techniques, reorganized and condensed chapters, plus other features designed to help you locate important information quickly and easily. Extensive illustration collection includes over 2,000 full-color photos, line art, and radiographs to clearly demonstrate core concepts and reinforce the essential principles and techniques of endodontics. Diverse and respected contributor pool includes experts from many national- and international-based dental education programs. NEW! Updated content and new images incorporate the most recent developments in research and clinical endodontic techniques. NEW! Additional topics cover pulp biology, pathobiology, diagnosis, treatment planning, pain control, isolation, access, cleaning and shaping, obturation, restoration, assessment of outcomes, emergencies and surgery. NEW! Compliance with the Commission on Dental Accreditation Curriculum ensures that the needs of all dental programs are met. NEW! Reorganized sections now divide chapters by those covering clinical endodontics, those covering the biological basis of endodontics, and chapters which detail endodontics in private practice to make content easier for both clinicians and students to navigate. NEW! Condensed chapters remove unnecessary duplication of content across the text and make the physical text lighter and easier to use.

Download or read book Wiggs s Veterinary Dentistry written by Heidi B. Lobprise and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wiggs’s Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice, Second Edition is a fully updated and expanded new edition of the classic comprehensive reference for veterinary dentistry. Provides current, comprehensive information on veterinary dentistry Encompasses rudimentary tenets of the field as well as advanced techniques Presents the state-of-the-art in veterinary dentistry, with all topics fully updated, revised, and expanded to reflect current knowledge Written by leading veterinary dental specialists and edited by luminaries in the field Includes more images and color throughout to support the text “The second edition of Wiggs’s Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice is an updated and comprehensive guide to all things related to the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the oral cavity in canine and feline patients....Overall, this book will be a good resource for any small animal practice or practitioner who performs veterinary dentistry.” - JAVMA Vol 255 No. 6

Download or read book Endodontic Irrigation written by Bettina Basrani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the available information on bacterial disinfection in endodontics, with emphasis on the chemical treatment of root canals based on current understanding of the process of irrigation. It describes recent advances in knowledge of the chemistry associated with irrigants and delivery systems, which is of vital importance given that chemical intervention is now considered one of the most important measures in eliminating planktonic microbes and biofilms from the infected tooth. Recommendations are made regarding concentrations, exposure times and optimal sequences. Possible complications related to the use of the different solutions are highlighted, with guidance on response. In addition, clinical protocols are suggested on the basis of both clinical experience and the results of past and ongoing research. Throughout, a practical, clinically oriented approach is adopted that will assist the practitioner in ensuring successful endodontic treatment.