Download or read book Coded Aperture Compton Camera for Gamma Ray Imaging written by Aaron M. Farber and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the development of a novel gamma-ray imaging system concept and presents results from Monte Carlo simulations of the new design. Current designs for large field-of-view gamma cameras suitable for homeland security applications implement either a coded aperture or a Compton scattering geometry to image a gamma-ray source. Both of these systems require large, expensive position-sensitive detectors in order to work effectively. By combining characteristics of both of these systems, a new design can be implemented that does not require such expensive detectors and that can be scaled down to a portable size. This new system has significant promise in homeland security, astronomy, botany and other fields, while future iterations may prove useful in medical imaging, other biological sciences and other areas, such as non-destructive testing. A proof-of-principle study of the new gamma-ray imaging system has been performed by Monte Carlo simulation. Various reconstruction methods have been explored and compared. General-Purpose Graphics-Processor-Unit (GPGPU) computation has also been incorporated. The resulting code is a primary design tool for exploring variables such as detector spacing, material selection and thickness and pixel geometry. The advancement of the system from a simple 1-dimensional simulation to a full 3-dimensional model is described. Methods of image reconstruction are discussed and results of simulations consisting of both a 4 x 4 and a 16 x 16 object space mesh have been presented. A discussion of the limitations and potential areas of further study is also presented.

Download or read book Crystal Compton Camera written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stand-off detection is one of the most important radiation detection capabilities for arms control and the control of illicit nuclear materials. For long range passive detection one requires a large detector and a means of "seeing through" the naturally occurring and varying background radiation, i.e. imaging. Arguably, Compton imaging is the best approach over much of the emission band suitable for long range detection. It provides not only imaging, but more information about the direction of incidence of each detected gamma-ray than the alternate approach of coded-aperture imaging. The directional information allows one to reduce the background and hence improve the sensitivity of a measurement. However, to make an efficient Compton imager requires localizing and measuring the simultaneous energy depositions when gamma-rays Compton scatter and are subsequently captured within a single, large detector volume. This concept has been demonstrated in semi-conductor detectors (HPGe, CZT, Si) but at ~ $1k/cm3 these materials are too expensive to build the large systems needed for standoff detection. Scintillator detectors, such as NaI(Tl), are two orders of magnitude less expensive and possess the energy resolution required to make such an imager. However, they do not currently have the ability to localize closely spaced, simultaneous energy depositions in a single large crystal. In this project we are applying a new technique that should, for the first time ever, allow cubic-millimeter event localization in a bulk scintillator crystal.

Download or read book Practical Gamma ray Spectrometry written by Gordon Gilmore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-11-25 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cutting-edge new edition of the classic introduction to radioactive measurement Gammy-Ray Spectrometry is a key technique in the study of radioactive decay. It measures the rate and extent of radioactivity from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial, including cosmic ray sources, nuclear reactors, high-energy physics experiments, and more. The resulting data can be essential to environmental monitoring and to a range of experimental sciences. For years, Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry has served as the classic introduction to this area for current or aspiring practitioners. A comprehensive but accessible treatment of the subject, with a thorough discussion of all major classes of detectors and their associated electronic systems, it contains everything a researcher needs to make optimal gamma-ray measurements. Now fully updated to reflect the latest technology and experimental data, it is a must-own for researchers looking to incorporate gamma-ray spectrometry into their scientific practice. Readers of the third edition of Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry will also find: Fault-finding guide for rapid and effective problem resolution Workshop-style approach emphasizing the fundamentals of laboratory practice New sections dealing with novel developments in nuclear structure research, measuring effects of pollution and climate change, new semiconductor materials, and more Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry is ideal for PhD students and practicing gamma-ray spectroscopists, including researchers working on radiation, energy and environmental monitoring professionals, and researchers working in physics, archaeometry, and related subjects.

Download or read book Gamma Ray Imaging written by Junwei Du and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-09-12 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of detector technology for gamma-ray imaging, especially as it pertains to new applications. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in medical imaging and industrial testing. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the gamma-ray signal into analog/digital value will be covered in some chapters. Some would also provide a review of CMOS chips for gamma-ray image sensors.

Download or read book Class of Near perfect Coded Apertures written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coded aperture imaging of gamma ray sources has long promised an improvement in the sensitivity of various detector systems. The promise has remained largely unfulfilled, however, for either one of two reasons. First, the encoding/decoding method produces artifacts, which even in the absence of quantum noise, restrict the quality of the reconstructed image. This is true of most correlation-type methods. Second, if the decoding procedure is of the deconvolution variety, small terms in the transfer function of the aperture can lead to excessive noise in the reconstructed image. It is proposed to circumvent both of these problems by use of a uniformly redundant array (URA) as the coded aperture in conjunction with a special correlation decoding method. It is shown that the reconstructed image in the URA system contains virtually uniform noise regardless of the structure in the original source. Therefore, the improvement over a single pinhole camera will be relatively larger for the brighter points in the source than for the low intensity points. In the case of a large detector background noise the URA will always do much better than the single pinhole regardless of the structure of the object. In the case of a low detector background noise, the improvement of the URA over the single pinhole will have a lower limit of approximately (1/2f)/sup 1/2 / where f is the fraction of the field of view which is uniformly filled by the object.

Download or read book Design Modeling and Performance of a Hybrid Portable Gamma Camera written by Leon Eric Smith and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Dual Modality Gamma Camera Using LaCl3 Ce Scintillators written by Wonho Lee and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multiple Compton Scatter Camera for Gamma Ray Imaging written by Nesrin Dogan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Compton Camera for Spectroscopic Imaging from 100keV to 1MeV written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compton cameras are a particularly interesting gamma-ray imaging technology because they have a large field of view and rely on electronic rather than mechanical collimation (lead). These systems produce two dimensional, spectroscopic images using data collected from spatially separated detector arrays. A single acquisition contains data to produce image signatures for each radionuclide in the field of view. Application of Compton cameras in field of astrophysics has proven the systems capability for imaging in the 1 to 30MeV range. Other potential applications, in the 100keV to 1MeV range, include nuclear material safeguards and nuclear medicine imaging. A particularly attractive feature for these applications is that the technology to produce a portable camera is now available due to improvements in solid state room-temperature detectors. The objective of this work is to investigate Compton camera technology for spectroscopic imaging of gamma rays in the 100keV to 1MeV range. To this end, accurate and efficient camera simulation capability will allow a variety of design issues to be explored before a full camera system is built. An efficient, specific purpose Monte Carlo code was developed to investigate the image formation process in Compton cameras. The code is based on a pathway sampling technique with extensive use of variance reduction techniques. In particular, the technique of forcing is used make each history result in a partial success. The code includes detailed Compton scattering physics, including incoherent scattering functions, Doppler broadening, and multiple scattering. Detector response functions are also included in the simulations. A prototype camera was built to provide code benchmarks and investigate implementation issues. The prototype is based on a two-detector system, which sacrifices detection efficiency for simplicity and versatility. One of the detectors is mounted on a computer controlled stage capable of two dimensional motion (14x14cm.

Download or read book Radiation Detection Systems written by Jan Iwanczyk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-04 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in semiconductor detectors, scintillators, photodetectors such as silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), and readout electronics have experienced tremendous growth in recent years in terms of basic technologies and a variety of applications. The second edition of Radiation Detection Systems presents variety of radiation detection systems, giving readers a broad view of the state-of-the-art in the design of detectors, front-end electronics, and systems offering optimized choices of the detection tools for a particular application. The new edition has been divided into two volumes. This volume on Medical Imaging, Industrial Testing, and Security Applications presents specific applications of the detection systems in medical imaging, industrial testing, and security applications. These newely developed technologies play a vital role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of major human diseases. Featuring contributions from leading experts and pioneers in their respective fields, this book: Describes new advances in development of detection systems based on CdZnTe (CZT) and CdTe detectors utilizing a direct conversion of radiation to electric signals Reports a recent progress in technologies and performance of SiPM used for reading the light from scintillators Explores exciting new application opportunities created by development of the cutting-edge detection technologies in X-ray spectroscopy, computed tomography (CT), bone dosimetry, and nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT) Considers the future use of photon-counting detectors in clinical CT scanners providing K-edge imaging to reduce the amount of contrast agents and ultimately offering both an anatomical and a functional information Describes, uses of radiation detection systems in security applications such as luggage scanning, dirty bomb detection, and border control With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this book is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field. Readers can refer to the other volume, Sensor Materials, Systems, Technology, and Characterization Measurements, which puts emphasis on sensor materials, detector structures, front electronics technology, and their designs and system optimization for different applications.

Download or read book A Compton Camera for Low Energy Gamma Ray Imaging in Nuclear Medicine Applications written by James Walter LeBlanc and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced X Ray Radiation Detection written by Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-04 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers readers an overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of technology for X-ray medical imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications in SPECT, PET and CT, with an in-depth review of the research topics from leading specialists in the field. Coverage includes conversion of the X-ray signal into analogue/digital value, as well as a review of CMOS chips for X-ray image sensors. Emphasis is on high-Z materials like CdTe, CZT and GaAs, since they offer the best implementation possibilities for direct conversion X-ray detectors. The discussion includes material challenges, detector operation physics and technology and readout integrated circuits required to detect signals processes by high-Z sensors. Authors contrast these emerging technologies with more established ones based on scintillator materials. This book is an excellent reference for people already working in the field as well as for people wishing to enter it.

Download or read book Physics in Nuclear Medicine written by Simon R. Cherry and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the authors provide up-to-date, comprehensive information on the physics underlying modern nuclear medicine and imaging using radioactively labelled tracers. Examples are presented with solutions worked out in step-by-step detail, illustrating important concepts and calculations.

Download or read book An Introduction to the Physics of Nuclear Medicine written by Laura Harkness-Brennan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complexity and vulnerability of the human body has driven the development of a diverse range of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in modern medicine. The Nuclear Medicine procedures of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Radionuclide Therapy are well-established in clinical practice and are founded upon the principles of radiation physics. This book will offer an insight into the physics of nuclear medicine by explaining the principles of radioactivity, how radionuclides are produced and administered as radiopharmaceuticals to the body and how radiation can be detected and used to produce images for diagnosis. The treatment of diseases such as thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism and lymphoma by radionuclide therapy will also be explored.

Download or read book Radiation Sensing written by Kelum A. A. Gamage and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation detection is important in many fields, and it poses significant challenges for instrument designers. Radiation detection instruments, particularly for nuclear decommissioning and security applications, are required to operate in unknown environments and should detect and characterise radiation fields in real time. This book covers both theory and practice, and it solicits recent advances in radiation detection, with a particular focus on radiation detection instrument design, real-time data processing, radiation simulation and experimental work, robot design, control systems, task planning and radiation shielding.

Download or read book Astronomy with Radioactivities written by Roland Diehl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-02 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to the field of nuclear astrophysics, i.e. the acquisition and reading of measurements on unstable isotopes in different parts of the universe. The authors explain the role of radioactivities in astrophysics, discuss specific sources of cosmic isotopes and in which special regions they can be observed. More specifically, the authors address stars of different types, stellar explosions which terminate stellar evolutions, and other explosions triggered by mass transfers and instabilities in binary stars. They also address nuclear reactions and transport processes in interstellar space, in the contexts of cosmic rays and of chemical evolution. A special chapter is dedicated to the solar system which even provides material samples. The book also contains a description of key tools which astrophysicists employ in those particular studies and a glossary of key terms in astronomy with radioactivities.

Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.