Download or read book Cocoa Trees integrated Pest and Disease Management written by Cocoa Producers' Alliance and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cocoa Pest and Disease Management in Southeast Asia and Australasia written by Peter J. Keane and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1992 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pests of Cocoa written by Philip Frank Entwistle and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1972 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cocoa tree. The cocoa tree and its insect fauna. Control of cocoa insects. Pollination. Pests of cocoa in storage.
Download or read book Capsid Control for Organic Cocoa in Ghana written by Godwin Kojo Ayenor and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Pest and Disease Management for Sustainable Cocoa Production written by John Konam and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Perennial Crops written by Dominique Mariau and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text covers significant research findings to ascertain the most appropriate methods of pest control against tropical perennial pests.
Download or read book Cacao Diseases written by Bryan A. Bailey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current state of knowledge concerning cacao pathogens and methods for their management. Topics discussed include the history, biology and genetic diversity of Moniliophthora species (which cause witches’ broom and frosty pod rot) and Phytophthora species (which cause black pod rot) that cause diseases resulting in major losses to cacao production. Emerging pathogens such as Cacao swollen shoot virus and Ceratobasidium theobromae (which causes vascular streak dieback) are also discussed in detail, along with many pathogens of significant local concern. Most of these pathogens represent major risks to global cacao production should they expand into new areas, breaking out of their current limited distributions. By considering cacao diseases as a group, similarities in the available tools and techniques used in their management become apparent, as do their limitations. Gaps in our current knowledge of cacao pathogens and the management of the diseases they cause are detailed, and suggestions for future research directions are provided. This insight allows readers to consider cacao disease threats from a more comprehensive, global perspective and paves the way for an improved synergy of efforts between the various research programs, agencies, and industries, both private and public, with vested interests in cacao production, and cacao farmers.
Download or read book Integrated Pest and Disease Management for Sustainable Cocoa Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet addresses knowledge gaps in cocoa production. New management approaches, based on sound agronomic practices and integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) strategies, have been developed to assist farmers to optimise their cocoa production. Farmers can expect significantly higher yields if these approaches are implemented completely and correctly.
Download or read book Integrated Pest and Disease Management for Sustainable Cocoa Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet addresses knowledge gaps in cocoa production. New management approaches, based on sound agronomic practices and integrated pest and disease management (IPDM) strategies, have been developed to assist farmers to optimise their cocoa production. Farmers can expect significantly higher yields if these approaches are implemented completely and correctly.
Download or read book LIMITING INSECT RELATED COCOA DECLINE IN GHANA INTEGRATING BIOLOGICAL COMPUTATIONAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ELEMENTS written by Megan Wilkerson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ghana is the worlds second largest producer of cocoa beans. However, farmers are not able to maximize yield potential due to pests and plant diseases that destroy as much as 10- 80% of annual production. The arrival of devastating insect related diseases like black pod (Phytophthora megakarya) and cocoa swollen shoot (Badnavirus) means yield losses can approach 100%. Both diseases are influenced by ant communities. Cocoa ant species form mutualistic networks with honeydew producing mealybugs that supply the majority of their energy food source. In order to safeguard their food source, ants transport soil onto cocoa trees and build tent-like structures to shelter mealybugs. The virus-vector mealybugs are either transported around the cocoa tree by ants, which also protect the mealybugs as they feed. The water mold infects the tree after the ants have transported soils containing infectious spores to the developing pods. The ants do this to form soil tents over the colony of mealybugs feeding on the plant. The transport of disease agents means that ant attendance directly effects cocoa plant fitness. While the occurrence of tent building ant genera, Camponotous, Pheidole and Crematogaster, has a detrimental impact on yields, the presence of a different ant genus, Oecophylla, reduces pod damage by defending trees against pest prevalence. In order to control insect-related decline, farmers should be cognizant of insect dynamics and make decisions based on observations and availability of pest management resources. The ability to manage pests and aid the proliferating of beneficial species is contingent on the farmers ecological understanding of the cocoa ecosystem. 90% of farmers correctly implicated pests as responsible for causing holes, dark legions soil on cocoa pods. In addition to having awareness of major cocoa diseases and damage, 61% of farmers were correctly identified pests and beneficial insects. My approach includes testing the efficacy of pesticide alternatives, developing technologies to accurately detect pests and damage, and conduct sociological examinations to uncover the farmers ecological knowledge of cocoa insects. Recognizing the shortage of entomological experts to help farmers I also explored the application of machine learning to provide an AI assistant that could automatically identify pests of cocoa. Results from field interviews revealed that 66% of farmers make pest management decisions at the farm level and the majority are cognizant of major yield limiting constraints. Field experiments have shown that cocoa insect populations change overtime and between plantations. The farmers perception of cocoa insects directly impacts their management decisions, therefore it is imperative to equip farmers with management alternatives that are less toxic yet as effective as synthetic chemicals. High pressured soapy water has proven to be an effective pesticide replacement that does not require personal protective equipment and reduced the recolonization of virus transmitting mealybugs on 10 cocoa plantations. As a result of these efforts, I aspired to increase the agricultural knowledge and pest management artillery of low yielding cocoa farmers to encourage the adoption of sustainable alternatives to toxic chemicals inputs.
Download or read book CULTIVATION OF COCOA written by Aisar Novita, S.P., M.P and published by umsu press. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), is a plantation commodity with high economic value. Cocoa is a type of plantation crop that is very popular with its fruit processing. Chocolate is a product derived from cocoa beans. This plant, which is the raw material for chocolate, can bear fruit throughout the year. This plant is a tropical plant that is suitable for soil culture and climate in Indonesia. We have written this textbook for graduate students and researchers in field of agricultural, especially cocoa cultivation. This book was compiled as a form of learning reference book for the cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). In the literature, preference has been given to more recent publications. Nevertheless, representative examples of classical contributions are also cited in the various sections. Although this book is written by 2 persons, it is nevertheless the product of cooperation at various levels. Our interest in plant cultivation and integrated pest and disease control of plant.
Download or read book Increasing the Resilience of Cacao to Major Pest and Disease Threats in the 21st Century written by Jerome Niogret and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From a Technology Focus to Innovation Development written by Emmanuel Dormon and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cocoa IPM written by R. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Pest Management in Organic Farming written by Vincenzo Vacante and published by CABI. This book was released on 2017-12-11 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date and comprehensive reference covering pest management in organic farming in major crops of the world. General introductory chapters explore the management of crops to prevent pest outbreaks, plant protection tools in organic farming, and natural enemies and pest control. The remaining chapters are crop-based and discuss geographic distribution, economic importance and key pests. For each pest the fundamental aspects of its bio-ecology and the various methods of control are presented. Understanding of the scientific content is facilitated with practical advice, tables and diagrams, helping users to apply the theories and recommendations. This is an essential resource for researchers and extension workers in crop protection, integrated pest management and biocontrol, and organic farming systems.
Download or read book Integrated Management of Fruit Crops and Forest Nematodes written by Aurelio Ciancio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-15 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series originated during a visit of prof. K. G. Mukerji to the CNR Plant Protection Institute at Bari, Italy, in November 2005. Both editors convened to produce a series of five volumes focusing, in a multi-disciplinary approach, on recent advances and achievements in the practice of crop protection and integrated pest and disease management. This fourth Volume deals with management of nematodes parasitic of tree crops, and includes a section on tropical fruit crops and commodities, as well as a second section on tree crops from more temperate areas. The latter also includes a chapter updating the current knowledge about the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Volume 4 flanks Volume 2 of this IMPD series, which focused on management of vegetable and grain crops nematodes. Nematodes are a very successful, diversified and specialised animal group, present in nature in any ecological niche. Among nematode species, only a reduced number feeds on plants, of which a few species cause severe economic impacts on crop productions. Plant parasitic nematodes represent an important concern for a broad range of agricultural productions and systems, worldwide. This statement explains the attention devoted in last decades to nematodes, and the research and technical efforts invested for their control.
Download or read book Shade Tree Pruning written by A. Robert Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
