Download or read book CO2 Capture With MEA electronic Resource Integrating the Absorption Process and Steam Cycle of an Existing Coal Fired Power Plant written by Colin F. Alie and published by University of Waterloo. This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Canada, coal-fired power plants are the largest anthropogenic point sources of atmospheric CO2. The most promising near-term strategy for mitigating CO2 emissions from these facilities is the post-combustion capture of CO2 using MEA (monoethanolamine) with subsequent geologic sequestration. While MEA absorption of CO2 from coal-derived flue gases on the scale proposed above is technologically feasible, MEA absorption is an energy intensive process and especially requires large quantities of low-pressure steam. It is the magnitude of the cost of providing this supplemental energy that is currently inhibiting the deployment of CO2 capture with MEA absorption as means of combatting global warming. The steam cycle of a power plant ejects large quantities of low-quality heat to the surroundings. Traditionally, this waste has had no economic value. However, at different times and in different places, it has been recognized that the diversion of lower quality streams could be beneficial, for example, as an energy carrier for district heating systems. In a similar vein, using the waste heat from the power plant steam cycle to satisfy the heat requirements of a proposed CO2 capture plant would reduce the required outlay for supplemental utilities; the economic barrier to MEA absorption could be removed. In this thesis, state-of-the-art process simulation tools are used to model coal combustion, steam cycle, and MEA absorption processes. These disparate models are then combined to create a model of a coal-fired power plant with integrated CO2 capture. A sensitivity analysis on the integrated model is performed to ascertain the process variables which most strongly influence the CO2 energy penalty. From the simulation results with this integrated model, it is clear that there is a substantial thermodynamic advantage to diverting low-pressure steam from the steam cycle for use in the CO2 capture plant. During the course of the investigation, methodologies for using Aspen Plus® to predict column pressure profiles and for converging the MEA absorption process flowsheet were developed and are herein presented.
Download or read book CO2 Capture with MEA written by Colin F. Alie and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Canada, coal-fired power plants are the largest anthropogenic point sources of atmospheric CO2. The most promising near-term strategy for mitigating CO2 emissions from these facilities is the post-combustion capture of CO2 using MEA (monoethanolamine) with subsequent geologic sequestration. While MEA absorption of CO2 from coal-derived flue gases on the scale proposed above is technologically feasible, MEA absorption is an energy intensive process and especially requires large quantities of low-pressure steam. It is the magnitude of the cost of providing this supplemental energy that is currently inhibiting the deployment of CO2 capture with MEA absorption as means of combatting global warming. The steam cycle of a power plant ejects large quantities of low-quality heat to the surroundings. Traditionally, this waste has had no economic value. However, at different times and in different places, it has been recognized that the diversion of lower quality streams could be beneficial, for example, as an energy carrier for district heating systems. In a similar vein, using the waste heat from the power plant steam cycle to satisfy the heat requirements of a proposed CO2 capture plant would reduce the required outlay for supplemental utilities; the economic barrier to MEA absorption could be removed. In this thesis, state-of-the-art process simulation tools are used to model coal combustion, steam cycle, and MEA absorption processes. These disparate models are then combined to create a model of a coal-fired power plant with integrated CO2 capture. A sensitivity analysis on the integrated model is performed to ascertain the process variables which most strongly influence the CO2 energy penalty. From the simulation results with this integrated model, it is clear that there is a substantial thermodynamic advantage to diverting low-pressure steam from the steam cycle for use in the CO2 capture plant. During the course of the investigation, methodologies for using Aspen Plus® to predict column pressure profiles and for converging the MEA absorption process flowsheet were developed and are herein presented.
Download or read book CO2 Capture With MEA written by Colin Alie and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post Combustion CO2 Capture Energetic Evaluation of Chemical Absorption Processes in Coal Fired Steam Power Plants written by Jochen Oexmann and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, a semi-empirical column model is developed to represent absorber and desorber columns of post-combustion CO2 capture processes in coal-fired steam power plants. The chemical solvents are represented by empirical correlations on the basis of fundamental measurement data (CO2 solubility, heat capacity, density). The model of a CO2 capture process including the column model is coupled to detailed models of a hard-coal-fired steam power plant and of a CO2 compressor to evaluate and compare the impact of CO2 capture using six different solvents on the overall power plant process.
Download or read book Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture written by Athanasios I. Papadopoulos and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-07 with total page 925 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume brings together an extensive collection of systematic computer-aided tools and methods developed in recent years for CO2 capture applications, and presents a structured and organized account of works from internationally acknowledged scientists and engineers, through: Modeling of materials and processes based on chemical and physical principles Design of materials and processes based on systematic optimization methods Utilization of advanced control and integration methods in process and plant-wide operations The tools and methods described are illustrated through case studies on materials such as solvents, adsorbents, and membranes, and on processes such as absorption / desorption, pressure and vacuum swing adsorption, membranes, oxycombustion, solid looping, etc. Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture: Modelling, Design, Control and Integration should become the essential introductory resource for researchers and industrial practitioners in the field of CO2 capture technology who wish to explore developments in computer-aided tools and methods. In addition, it aims to introduce CO2 capture technologies to process systems engineers working in the development of general computational tools and methods by highlighting opportunities for new developments to address the needs and challenges in CO2 capture technologies.
Download or read book Evaluating the Integration of CO2 Capture Process and Steam Cycle in a Coal fired Power Plant written by Qinghua (Tim) Xie and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Technologies in Capture of CO2 written by Rosa-Hilda Chavez and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014-09-30 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Recent Technologies in the capture of CO2” provides a comprehensive summary on the latest technologies available to minimize the emission of CO2 from large point sources like fossil-fuel power plants or industrial facilities. This ebook also covers various techniques that could be developed to reduce the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere. The contents of this book include chapters on oxy-fuel combustion in fluidized beds, gas separation membrane used in post-combustion capture, minimizing energy consumption in CO2 capture processes through process integration, characterization and application of structured packing for CO2 capture, calcium looping technology for CO2 capture and many more. Recent Technologies in capture of CO2 is a valuable resource for graduate students, process engineers and administrative staff looking for real-case analysis of pilot plants. This eBook brings together the research results and professional experiences of the most renowned work groups in the CO2 capture field.
Download or read book Absorption Based Post Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide written by Paul Feron and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorption-Based Post-Combustion Capture of Carbon Dioxide provides a comprehensive and authoritative review of the use of absorbents for post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide. As fossil fuel-based power generation technologies are likely to remain key in the future, at least in the short- and medium-term, carbon capture and storage will be a critical greenhouse gas reduction technique. Post-combustion capture involves the removal of carbon dioxide from flue gases after fuel combustion, meaning that carbon dioxide can then be compressed and cooled to form a safely transportable liquid that can be stored underground. - Provides researchers in academia and industry with an authoritative overview of the amine-based methods for carbon dioxide capture from flue gases and related processes - Editors and contributors are well known experts in the field - Presents the first book on this specific topic
Download or read book Integrating MEA Regeneration with CO2 Compression and Peaking to Reduce CO2 Capture Costs written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capturing CO2 from coal-fired power plants is a necessary component of any large-scale effort to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Conventional absorption/stripping with monoethanolamine (MEA) or similar solvents is the most likely current process for capturing CO2 from the flue gas at these facilities. However, one of the largest problems with MEA absorption/stripping is that conventional process configurations have energy requirements that result in large reductions in the net power plant output. Several alternative process configurations for reducing these parasitic energy requirements were investigated in this research with the assistance of the Platte River Power Authority, based on recovering energy from the CO2 compression train and using that energy in the MEA regeneration step. In addition, the feasibility of selective operation of the amine system at a higher CO2 removal efficiency during non-peak electricity demand periods was also evaluated. Four process configurations were evaluated: A generic base case MEA system with no compression heat recovery, CO2 vapor recompression heat recovery, and multipressure stripping with and without vapor recompression heat recovery. These configurations were simulated using a rigorous rate-based model, and the results were used to prepare capital and operating cost estimates. CO2 capture economics are presented, and the cost of CO2 capture (cost per tonne avoided) is compared among the base case and the alternative process configurations. Cost savings per tonne of CO2 avoided ranged from 4.3 to 9.8 percent. Energy savings of the improved configurations (8-10%, freeing up 13 to 17 MW of power for sale to the grid based on 500 MW unit) clearly outweighed the modest increases in capital cost to implement them; it is therefore likely that one of these improved configurations would be used whenever MEA-based (or similar) scrubbing technologies are implemented. In fact, the payback on capital for the most promising heat integration configurations (Cases 3 and 4) is only six months to one year (based on $0.06/kWh). Another significant result is that the reboiler steam requirement could be reduced by up to 39% with the advanced process configurations. Selective operation of the amine system was found to be economic only if the value of peak electricity was in excess of approximately $230/MWh (from the assumed $130/MWh to buy power from a supplemental natural gas peak turbine) and, therefore, is not considered to be a reasonable option for minimizing CO2 capture costs. These results indicate an improvement to commercial MEA-based technologies, which helps to incrementally meet DOE's Sequestration Program targets when coupled with other process improvements. For example, DOE's target goal of $20/tonne of CO2 could potentially be achieved by combining use of the heat integration configurations evaluated in this study and other advanced amine solvents (instead of conventional MEA) that have been developed to further reduce the reboiler duty steam requirements. It is expected that the advanced amines could add another 15% savings in cost of CO2 captured. In addition, advanced aqueous-based solvent approaches already exist and may be commercialized more quickly than other approaches.
Download or read book Dynamic Modelling and Control of Monoethanolamine Absorption Processes for Carbon Dioxide Capture from Power Plants written by Thanita Nittaya and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission control has been extensively studied over the past decade. One GHG mitigation alternative is post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture using chemical absorption, which is a promising alternative due to its proven technology and the relative ease to install on existing coal-fired power plants. Nevertheless, the implementation of commercial-scale CO2 capture plants faces several challenges, such as high energy consumption, commercial availability, and geological CO2 storage. Therefore, there is a great incentive to develop studies that provide insights needed to design and dynamically operate industrial-scale CO2 capture plants for coal-fired power plants. This work presents a mechanistic dynamic model of a pilot plant of a post-combustion CO2 capture plant using the monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption processes.
Download or read book A TECHNICAL ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF AMINE BASED CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY FOR POWER PLANT GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capture and sequestration of CO2 from fossil fuel power plants is gaining widespread interest as a potential method of controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Performance and cost models of an amine (MEA)-based CO2 absorption system for post-combustion flue gas applications have been developed, and integrated with an existing power plant modeling framework that includes multi-pollutant control technologies for other regulated emissions. The integrated model has been applied to study the feasibility and cost of carbon capture and sequestration at both new and existing coal-burning power plants. The cost of carbon avoidance was shown to depend strongly on assumptions about the reference plant design, details of the CO2 capture system design, interactions with other pollution control systems, and method of CO2 storage. The CO2 avoidance cost for retrofit systems was found to be generally higher than for new plants, mainly because of the higher energy penalty resulting from less efficient heat integration, as well as site-specific difficulties typically encountered in retrofit applications. For all cases, a small reduction in CO2 capture cost was afforded by the SO2 emission trading credits generated by amine-based capture systems. Efforts are underway to model a broader suite of carbon capture and sequestration technologies for more comprehensive assessments in the context of multi-pollutant environmental management.
Download or read book Dynamic Modelling and Control of MEA written by Thanita Nittaya and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission control has been extensively studied over the past decade. One GHG mitigation alternative is post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture using chemical absorption, which is a promising alternative due to its proven technology and the relative ease to install on existing coal-fired power plants. Nevertheless, the implementation of commercial-scale CO2 capture plants faces several challenges, such as high energy consumption, commercial availability, and geological CO2 storage. Therefore, there is a great incentive to develop studies that provide insights needed to design and dynamically operate industrial-scale CO2 capture plants for coal-fired power plants. This work presents a mechanistic dynamic model of a pilot plant of a post-combustion CO2 capture plant using the monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption processes. This model was implemented in gPROMS. The process insights gained from the sensitivity analysis, on six manipulated variables and six potential controlled variables, was used to determine promising control schemes for this pilot plant. This study then proposed three decentralized control structures. The first control scheme was designed based on the traditional-RGA (Relative Gain Array) analysis, whereas the other two control schemes were designed using heuristics. The performance evaluation of those control structures were conducted under eight scenarios, e.g. changes in flue gas composition, set point tracking, valve stiction, reboiler heat duty constraint, and flue gas flow rate. Under the condition where the reboiler temperature is to be controlled, a control scheme obtained from the heuristic showed faster response to achieve the process control objectives (90% CO2 capture rate and 95 mol% CO2 purity in the CO2 product stream) than the RGA-based control scheme. Furthermore, this study describes a step-by-step method to scale-up an MEA absorption plant for CO2 capture from a 750 MW supercritical coal-fired power plants. This industrial-scale CO2 capture plant consists of three absorbers (11.8 m diameter, 34 m bed height) and two strippers (10.4 m diameter, 16 m bed height) to achieve 87% CO2 captured rate and 95% CO2 purity in the CO2 product stream. It was calculated that the reboiler heat duty of 4.1GJ is required to remove 1 tonne of CO2 at the base case condition (20 kmol/s of flue gas flow rate with 16.3 mol% of CO2). The mechanistic model of an industrial-scale CO2 capture plant including a proposed control structure was evaluated using different scenarios. The performance evaluation result revealed that this plant can accommodate a maximum flue gas flow rate of +22% from the nominal condition due to absorbers' flooding constraints. Moreover, it is able to handle different disturbances and offers prompt responses (After a plant is disturbed by an external perturbation, control variables in that plant are able to return to their set points in timely fashion using the adjustment of manipulated variables.) without significant oscillating signal or offset. In addition, this study highlights that the poor wetting in the strippers can be avoided by the implementation of a process scheduling, which has not been presented in any publications. Based on the above, the mechanistic models of CO2 absorption plants and proposed control structures provide insights regarding dynamic behaviour and controllability of these plants. In addition, the industrial-scale CO2 capture plant model can be used for future studies, i.e. integration of power plant and CO2 capture plant, feasibility of plant operation, and controllability improvement.
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Removal from Coal Fired Power Plants written by C. Hendriks and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994-11-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. 1. Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. 1. 1. Emissions and concentrations of greenhouse gases 3 1. 1. 2. Impact of increasing greenhouse gases concentration 4 1. 2. Options to reduce carbon dioxide emissions 5 1. 2. 1. Carbon dioxide removal 8 1. 3. Scope of the thesis 10 1. 4. Outline of the thesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1. 4. 1. General evaluation method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1. 4. 2. Some notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 II. Simulation and optimization of carbon dioxide recovery from the flue gases of a coal-fired power plant using amines 14 Abstract 19 2. 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2. 2. The chemical absorption process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2. 2. 1. General process description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2. 2. 2. Types of absorbent 23 2. 2. 3. Effects of flue gas contaminants 24 2. 3. Simulation of the scrubber in ASPEN PLUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2. 3. 1. ASPEN PLUS for flow sheet simulation 26 2. 3. 2. Simulation of the performance for the base-case design . . 26 the scrubber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2. 3. 3. Optimization of 2. 3. 4. Design and results 32 2. 3. 5. Discussion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2. 4. Integration of the scrubber in the power plant 35 2. 4. 1. Power loss caused by steam extraction 36 2. 4. 2. Power saved by avoiding preheating boiler feed water . . . 38 2. 4. 3. Power consumption by the carbon dioxide scrubber . . . . . 38 2. 4. 4. Power consumption for carbon dioxide compression . . . . . 38 2. 4. 5. Calculation of plant efficiency losses " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2. 5.
Download or read book Carbon Capture and Storage Including Coal fired Power Plants written by Todd P. Carington and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nationally-recognised studies and our contacts with a diverse group of industry representatives, non-governmental organisations, and academic researchers show that key barriers to CCS deployment include (1) underdeveloped and costly CO2 capture technology and (2) regulatory and legal uncertainties over CO2 capture, injection, and storage. Among the key technological barriers are a lack of experience in capturing significant amounts of CO2 from power plants and the significant cost of capturing CO2, particularly from existing coal-fired power plants, which are the single largest source of CO2 emissions in the United States. Compounding these technological issues are regulatory and legal uncertainties, including uncertainty regarding liability for CO2 leakage and ownership of CO2 once injected. According to the IPCC, the National Academy of Sciences, and other knowledgeable authorities, another barrier is the absence of a national strategy to control CO2 emissions (emissions trading plan, CO2 emissions tax, or other mandatory control of CO2 emissions), without which the electric utility industry has little incentive to capture and store its CO2 emissions. Moreover, according to key agency officials, the absence of a national strategy has also deterred their agencies from addressing other important practical issues, such as resolving how stored CO2 would be treated in a future CO2 emissions trading plan.
Download or read book Carbon Capture written by Jennifer Wilcox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-27 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book approaches the energy science sub-field carbon capture with an interdisciplinary discussion based upon fundamental chemical concepts ranging from thermodynamics, combustion, kinetics, mass transfer, material properties, and the relationship between the chemistry and process of carbon capture technologies. Energy science itself is a broad field that spans many disciplines -- policy, mathematics, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, geology, materials science and mineralogy -- and the author has selected the material, as well as end-of-chapter problems and policy discussions, that provide the necessary tools to interested students.
Download or read book Carbon Capture and Storage written by Mai Bui and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide the latest global perspective on the role and value of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in delivering temperature targets and reducing the impact of global warming. As well as providing a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the major sources of carbon dioxide emission and negative emissions technologies, the book also discusses technical, economic and political issues associated with CCS along with strategies to enable commercialisation.
Download or read book Emerging Carbon Capture Technologies written by Mohammad Khalid and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-22 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion to value added products, such as chemicals, polymers, and carbon-based fuels represents a promising approach to transform a potential threat to the environment into a value-added product for long term sustainability. Emerging Carbon Capture Technologies: Towards a Sustainable Future provides a multidisciplinary view of the research that is being carried out in this field, covering materials and processes for CO2 capture and utilization and including a broad discussion of the impact of novel technologies in carbon capture on the energy landscape, society and climate. Of interest to students, researchers and professionals in industries related to greenhouse gas mitigation, post-combustion CO2 capture processes, coal-fired power plants, environmental sustainability, green solvents, green technologies, and the utilization of clean energy for environmental protection, this book covers both the experimental and theoretical aspects of novel materials and process development providing a holistic approach toward a sustainable energy future. Includes a wide range of processes and their applications Covers the experimental and theoretical aspects of novel materials and process development Includes techno-economics analysis, regulation, policies and future prospects
