Download or read book CMOS Wide Tuning Gilbert Mixer with Controllable IF Bandwidth in Upcoming RF Front End for Multi Band Multi Standard Applications written by Jianfeng Ren and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current global system for mobile communications, wireless local area, Bluetooth, and ultra-wideband demands a multi-band/multi-standard RF front end that can access all the available bandwidth specifications. Trade-offs occur between power consumption, noise figure, and linearity in CMOS Gilbert mixer wide tuning designs. Besides, it is preferable to have a constant IF bandwidth for different gain settings as the bandwidth varies with the load impedance when an RF receiver is tuned to a higher frequency. My dissertation consists of three parts. First, a tunable constant IF bandwidth Gilbert mixer is introduced for multi-band standard wireless applications such as 802.11 a/b/g WLAN and 802.16a WMAN, followed by a design synthesis approach to optimize the mixer to meet the design center frequency range, constant IF bandwidth, and power. A synthesized Gilbert mixer with effective prototype inductors, designed in 180 nm CMOS process, is presented in this dissertation with the tunability of 200 MHz IF, a constant IF bandwidth of 50 MHz, a conversion gain of 13.75 dB, a noise figure of 2.9dB, 1-dB compression point of -15.19 dBm, IIP3 of -5.8 dBm, and a power of 9 mW. Next, mixer inductor loss and equivalent electronic circuit analysis are presented to optimize the approach to offset center frequency and bandwidth inaccuracy due to the inductance loss between the actual and ideal prototype inductor. The proposed tunable Gilbert mixer simulations present a tunable IF of 177.8 MHz, an IF bandwidth of 87.57 MHz, a conversion gain of 7.4 dB, a noise figure of 3.14 dB, 1-dB compression point of -17.1 dBm, and IIP3 of -19.8 dBm. Last, a CMOS integrated wide frequency span CMOS low noise amplifier is integrated with the tunable Gilbert mixer to achieve a 27.68 dB conversion gain, a 3.47 dB low noise figure, -14.6 dBm 1-dB compression point, and -18.6 dBm IIP3.

Download or read book RF CMOS Tunable Gilbert Mixer with Wide Tuning Frequency and Controllable Bandwidth written by Xin Hu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The double-balanced Gilbert mixer is widely used in RF receivers. In general, it is desirable to design a wide tuning frequency Gilbert mixer for low power, high conversion gain, low noise figure, and good linearity, but they are not easy to attain simultaneously. Therefore, trade-offs always exist by tuning design parameters. To observe the trade-off relationship between each tunable parameter and to make a mixer achieve specified requirements easily (i.e., tuning frequency range, bandwidth, and power), an automated design synthesis and verification approach for Gilbert mixer is proposed. A wide tuning CMOS Gilbert mixer design synthesis while keeping the local oscillator frequency of 2 GHz is presented as an example. Designed in 180 nanometer CMOS process, the tunable Gilbert mixer achieves a tuning frequency span of 2 GHz (1.1 - 3.1 GHz), a controllable bandwidth of 5̃0 MHz, a high conversion gain (0.5 {u2013} 6.4 dB), a low noise figure (6.81 {u2013} 8.36 dB), and a power of 9 mW.

Download or read book Broadband Low noise CMOS Mixers for Wireless Communications written by Fan Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, three broadband low-noise mixing circuits which use CMOS 130 nm technology are presented. As one of the first few stages in a receiving front-end, stringent requirements are posted on mixer performance. The Gilbert cell mixers have presented excellent properties and achieved wide applications. However, the noise of a conventional active Gilbert cell mixer is high. This thesis demonstrates both passive and active mixing circuits with improved noise performance while maintaining the advantages of the Gilbert cell-based mixing core. Furthermore, wide bandwidth and variable gain are implemented, making the designed mixers multi-functional, yet with compact sizes and low power consumptions. The first circuit is a passive 2x subharmonic mixer that works from 4.5 GHz to 8.5 GHz. The subharmonic mixing core is a two-stage passive Gilbert cell driven by a quadrature LO signal. Together with a noise-cancelling transconductor and an inverter-based TIA, this subharmonic mixer possesses an excellent broadband conversion gain and a low noise figure. Measurement results show a high conversion gain of 16 dB and a low average DSB NF of 9 dB. The second design is a broadband low-noise variable gain mixer which operates between 1 and 6 GHz. The transconductor stage is implemented with noise cancellation and current bleeding techniques. Series inductive peaking is used to extend the bandwidth. Gain variation is achieved by a current-steering IF stage. Measurements show a wide gain control range of 13 dB and a low noise performance over the entire frequency and gain range. The lowest DSB NF is 3.8 dB and the highest DSB NF is 14.2 dB. The Third design is a broadband low-noise mixer with linear-in-dB gain control scheme. Using the same transconductance stage with the second circuit, this design also works from 1 to 6 GHz. A 10 dB linear-in-dB gain control range is achieved using an R-r load network with a linear-in-dB error less than $\pm$ 0.5 dB. Low noise performance is achieved. For different frequencies and conversion gains, the lowest DSB NF is 3.8 dB and the highest DSB NF is 12 dB.

Download or read book CMOS PLLs and VCOs for 4G Wireless written by Adem Aktas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-18 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CMOS PLLs and VCOs for 4G Wireless is the first book devoted to the subject of CMOS PLL and VCO design for future broadband 4th generation wireless devices. These devices will be handheld-centric, requiring very low power consumption and small footprint. They will be able to work across multiple bands and multiple standards covering WWAN (GSM,WCDMA) ,WLAN(802.11 a/b/g) and WPAN(Bluetooth) with different modulations, channel bandwidths , phase noise requirements ,etc. As such, this book discusses design, modeling and optimization techniques for low power fully integrated broadband PLLs and VCOs in deep submicron CMOS. First, the PLL and VCO performances are studied in the context of the chosen multi-band multi-standard, radio architecture and the adopted frequency plan. Next a thorough study of the design requirements for broadband PLL/VCO design is conducted together with modeling techniques for noise sources in a PLL and VCO focusing on optimization of integrated phase noise for multi-carrier OFDM 64-QAM type applications. Design examples for multi-standard 802.111a/b/g as well as for GSM/WCDMA are fully described and experimental results from 0.18 micron CMOS test chips have demonstrated the validity of the proposed design and optimization techniques. Equally important the work describes techniques for robust high volume production of RF radios in general and for integrated PLL/VCO design in particular including issues such as supply sensitivity, ground bounce and calibration mechanisms. CMOS PLLS and VCOs for 4G Wireless will be of interest to graduate students in electrical and computer engineering, design managers and RFIC designers in wireless semiconductor companies.

Download or read book Wireless CMOS Frequency Synthesizer Design written by J. Craninckx and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-04-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent boom in the mobile telecommunication market has trapped the interest of almost all electronic and communication companies worldwide. New applications arise every day, more and more countries are covered by digital cellular systems and the competition between the several providers has caused prices to drop rapidly. The creation of this essentially new market would not have been possible without the ap pearance of smalI, low-power, high-performant and certainly low-cost mobile termi nals. The evolution in microelectronics has played a dominant role in this by creating digital signal processing (DSP) chips with more and more computing power and com bining the discrete components of the RF front-end on a few ICs. This work is situated in this last area, i. e. the study of the full integration of the RF transceiver on a single die. Furthermore, in order to be compatible with the digital processing technology, a standard CMOS process without tuning, trimming or post-processing steps must be used. This should flatten the road towards the ultimate goal: the single chip mobile phone. The local oscillator (LO) frequency synthesizer poses some major problems for integration and is the subject of this work. The first, and also the largest, part of this text discusses the design of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The general phase noise theory of LC-oscillators is pre sented, and the concept of effective resistance and capacitance is introduced to char acterize and compare the performance of different LC-tanks.

Download or read book Direct Conversion CMOS RF Mixer for MB OFDM UWB Applications written by Harika Gudikandula and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Two CMOS double balanced RF mixers for UWB applications are presented in this thesis. These direct conversions mixers operate in the first UWB frequency band of 3.1- 3.6GHz. The performance of the Gilbert mixer is improved by multi-tanh technique and folded-current reuse technique in two different architectures. The two mixers are designed in IBM CMOS O.13[mu]m process technology at 1.2V supply voltage. These schematics are simulated using Cadence Spectre RF simulator. The multi-tanh mixer has a gain of 11.2dB and noise figure of 12.4dB. The IIP3 of multi-tanh mixer is 2.04dBm. The linearity of the multi-tanh mixer is limited due to low overdrive voltage of the RF input NMOS transistor. The linearity is improved by using the folded-current reuse principle. The folded-current reuse CMOS mixer has a gain of 9dB and noise figure of 10.6dB. The linearity of this mixer is 7.7dBm. Due to the low power consumption, these mixers can be used in UWB applications.

Download or read book Low Voltage CMOS RF Frequency Synthesizers written by Howard Cam Luong and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A frequency synthesizer is one of the most critical building blocks in any wireless transceiver system. Its design is getting more and more challenging as the demand for low-voltage low-power high-frequency wireless systems continuously grows. As the supply voltage is decreased, many existing design techniques are no longer applicable. This book provides the reader with architectures and design techniques to enable CMOS frequency synthesizers to operate at low supply voltage at high frequency with good phase noise and low power consumption. In addition to updating the reader on many of these techniques in depth, this book will also introduce useful guidelines and step-by-step procedure on behaviour simulations of frequency synthesizers. Finally, three successfully demonstrated CMOS synthesizer prototypes with detailed design consideration and description will be elaborated to illustrate potential applications of the architectures and design techniques described. For engineers, managers and researchers working in radio-frequency integrated-circuit design for wireless applications.

Download or read book Integrated Circuits for Wireless Communications written by Asad A. Abidi and published by Wiley-IEEE Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrical Engineering Integrated Circuits for Wireless Communications High-frequency integrated circuit design is a booming area of growth that is driven not only by the expanding capabilities of underlying circuit technologies like CMOS, but also by the dramatic increase in wireless communications products that depend on them. Integrated Circuits for Wireless Communications includes seminal and classic papers in the field and is the first all-in-one resource to address this increasingly important topic. Internationally known and highly regarded in the field, editors Asad Abidi, Paul Gray, and Robert G. Meyer have meticulously compiled more than 100 papers and articles covering the very latest high-level integrated circuits techniques and solutions in use today. Integrated Circuits for Wireless Communications is devised expressly to provide IC design engineers, system architects, and integrators with a practical understanding of subjects ranging from architecture choices for integrated transceivers to actual circuit designs in all viable IC technologies, such as bipolar, CMOS, and GaAs. The papers selected represent a breadth of coverage and level of expertise that is simply unmatched in the field. Topics covered include: Radio architectures Receivers Transmitters and transceivers Power amplifiers and RF switches Oscillators Passive components Systems applications

Download or read book Integrated RF CMOS Frequency Synthesizers and Oscillators for Wireless Applications written by Adem Aktas and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: PLL (Phase-Locked Loop) frequency synthesizers are used in wireless transceivers for frequency conversion. Recent directions in PLL frequency synthesizer research and development are to fully integrate PLL synthesizers in CMOS technology, to improve phase noise performance, and to operate wide range of frequency bands and channel bandwidths. Fully integration of synthesizers in CMOS technology is desired for low cost, low power consumption and small size in mobile wireless terminals. Low phase noise is required by digital modulation techniques which have been used in new mobile standards for the efficient use of the frequency spectrum. Operation over a wide range of frequency bands and channel bandwidths are required to support migration and backward compatibility in the wireless standard evolution. This work investigates the PLL frequency synthesizer design and implementation in CMOS technology with focus on integration of wideband VCOs (Voltage-Controlled Oscillators). Phase noise of a PLL synthesizer is a major design parameter. A PLL noise model is developed for noise optimization purposes. Wideband RF VCO design with sub-bands is investigated. Frequency planning, synthesizer architecture and technology considerations are also explored for wideband VCO design. Band switching techniques VCO tuning range presented. Active VCO circuit topologies and resonator design are also presented. The PLL frequency synthesizers are designed and implemented for a multi-band/standard(IEEE 802.11a/b/g) WLAN radio in 0.18um CMOS. Phase noise trade-offs for PLL design are explored in this application. Development and design of a wideband VCO for this application is also presented. An auto calibration circuit is developed for VCO tuning band selection. Another application of the wideband PLL frequency synthesizer is designed and implemented for a fully integrated dual-mode frequency synthesizer for GSM and WCDMA standards in 0.5um CMOS. A hybrid integer-N/fractional-N architecture is developed to meet the multi-standard requirements. Design and implementation of high performance RF VCO depends on the RF models of the devices. RF CMOS characterization and modeling techniques are explored. Microwave wafer measurement and calibration techniques are also investigated for CMOS technology.

Download or read book Circuit and System Design for Fully Integrated CMOS Direct conversion Multi band OFDM Ultra wideband Receivers written by Pengbei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel "two-step" frequency generation scheme and its associated frequency synthesizer architecture are also proposed in this dissertation. This scheme can provide all MB-OFDM UWB bands with only two frequency mixing steps. Analysis on its phase noise and parasitic frequency spur performance justifies its effectiveness.

Download or read book Reconfigurable CMOS Mixers for Radio frequency Applications written by Min Wang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on the design of radio-frequency (RF) mixers, including a broadband downconverter mixer, an upconverter mixer and a downconverter mixer with high linearity. The basic mixer topology used in this thesis was the Gilbert cell mixer, which is the most popular mixer topology in modern communication systems. In order to accommodate different applications, the broadband mixer and the upconverter mixer were designed to be reconfigurable. First, a broadband downconverter mixer with variable conversion gain was designed using 0.13-$\mu m$ CMOS technology. The mixer worked from 2 to 10 GHz. By changing the effective transistor size of the transconductor and the load, the mixer was able to work in three different modes with different conversion gain and power consumption. Second, an upconverter mixer with sideband selection was demonstrated in CMOS 0.13-$\mu$m technology. The transmitted sideband could be chosen to be the upper sideband or the lower sideband. The mixer worked at 5 GHz with a 100 MHz IF. The measured voltage conversion gains were 11.2 dB at 4.9 GHz and 12.4 dB at 5.1 GHz. The best sideband rejection was around 30 dB. Third, a modified derivative superposition (DS) technique was used to linearize a Gilbert cell mixer. Simulation results predicted an IIP3 improvement of 12.5 dB at 1 GHz. After linearization, the noise figure of the mixer increased by only 0.7 dB and the conversion gain decreased by 0.3 dB. The power consumption of the mixer increased by 0.96 mW.

Download or read book Design Techniques in CMOS LC Quadrature Oscillators for Broadband Applications written by Mahdi Bagheri and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New standards are emerging every few months as wireless bands and services are proliferating across the world. End users of mobile headsets, wireless speakers, appliances controlled by internet, and many other devices want as many as possible new services and manufacturers have a hard time to keep up. Therefore, wireless radio solutions which can cover more bands and standards are in high demand. Multi-band multi mode radios by stacking up of multiple modules can be a choice to cover more bands in one system at a higher cost and larger area. Newer multi-band multi-mode radios integrate multiple radios into one chip and by reducing the packaging cost, sharing the peripheral components, and lowering the size, cover larger frequency range at lower cost. Software defined radios (SDRs) and cognitive radios (CRs) can address the increasing demand of users to have seamless connection at low service cost and support wide range of applications [24]. Ultra-wideband (UWB) radios also cover a wide spectrum supporting universal applications in different countries. The WiMedia UWB radio technology requires the frequency synthesizers to cover the 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz spectrum. Different communication systems take advantage of millimeter-wave phased arrays such as 60 GHz short-range communication and point-to-point communication at the E--band (71-76 and 81-86 GHz) and the W--band (75-110 GHz). All the mentioned radios need carrier frequency generators which are able to cover all the frequency bands of interest which is several GHz. Also, these frequency generators must be able to generate quadrature local oscillator signal (LO). Quadrature signals are essential in modern transceivers which can be generated in different ways. Among different ways, quadrature oscillators show better performance. The LC-QOSCs show a superior phase noise performance with excellent quadrature accuracy. To practically use CMOS LC quadrature oscillators, the randomness of the quadrature phase of the QOSCs should be fixed. The random phase sequence in LC-QOSCs results in limited tuning range which might be even zero. The series coupled QOSCs proposed in here address the quadrature phase sequence ambiguity by guaranteeing oscillation in one mode. Furthermore we have proposed a novel idea where the S-QOSC quadrature mode can be selected, and since each mode has a different frequency, in this way a wider tuning range can be achieved from the QOSC which is essential in wide tuning range frequency synthesizers and is useful in multi-band radios, SDR, CR, and UWB radios. Replacing the crystal oscillators (XTALs) which are the main reference frequency generators in transceivers has a high priority to reduce the overall cost and power consumption of different wireless systems. CMOS frequency generators mostly cannot compete with the accuracy and phase noise performance of XTALs and even with the aid of calibration cannot achieve descent frequency stability due to temperature variation as they are very sensitive to temperature. The focus of this work is on wide tuning range oscillators applicable in broadband radios. This work presents a wide tuning range series coupled quadrature S-QOSCs which is able to oscillate in desired quadrature mode of oscillation and eliminate the randomness in the quadrature sequence. By selecting the mode, the proposed S-QOSC (Chapter 4) has a very wide tuning range which is the combination of tuning range of different modes. It has also been shown (Chapter 5) that the proposed S-QOSC can be designed to show two orders of magnitude less temperature sensitivity compared to other LC oscillators and can be implemented in a system to be calibrated to achieve the required frequency accuracy of various applications. In this work an LO-phase shifting approach based on ILO at frequency range of 71 to 86 GHz will be presented.

Download or read book All Digital Frequency Synthesizer in Deep Submicron CMOS written by Robert B. Staszewski and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2006-09-11 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new and innovative paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design Learn the techniques for designing and implementing an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer. In contrast to traditional RF techniques, this innovative book sets forth digitally intensive design techniques that lead the way to the development of low-cost, low-power, and highly integrated circuits for RF functions in deep submicron CMOS processes. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate how the architecture enables readers to integrate an RF front-end with the digital back-end onto a single silicon die using standard ASIC design flow. Taking a bottom-up approach that progressively builds skills and knowledge, the book begins with an introduction to basic concepts of frequency synthesis and then guides the reader through an all-digital RF frequency synthesizer design: Chapter 2 presents a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), which is the foundation of a novel architecture, and introduces a time-domain model used for analysis and VHDL simulation Chapter 3 adds a hierarchical layer of arithmetic abstraction to the DCO that makes it easier to operate algorithmically Chapter 4 builds a phase correction mechanism around the DCO such that the system's frequency drift or wander performance matches that of the stable external frequency reference Chapter 5 presents an application of the all-digital RF synthesizer Chapter 6 describes the behavioral modeling and simulation methodology used in design The final chapter presents the implementation of a full transmitter and experimental results. The novel ideas presented here have been implemented and proven in two high-volume, commercial single-chip radios developed at Texas Instruments: Bluetooth and GSM. While the focus of the book is on RF frequency synthesizer design, the techniques can be applied to the design of other digitally assisted analog circuits as well. This book is a must-read for students and engineers who want to learn a new paradigm for RF frequency synthesis and wireless transmitter design using digitally intensive design techniques.

Download or read book Terahertz Up conversion Mixers Using Varactors in CMOS and Their Applications written by Zhiyu Chen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless communication at frequencies above 100 GHz is drawing attention due to its high data rate capability resulting from the wide available bandwidth. The recent advances of the high frequency performance of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology have made it an affordable way for implementing the wireless systems. In order to support high-order modulations to increase the data rate, and an increased range, the transmitter must have a high output 1-dB compression point (OP1dB) and a wide bandwidth. Since the transistor fmax in CMOS has peaked at ~350 GHz, it is challenging to implement 300-GHz transmitters in CMOS. Consequently, the performance of the last up-conversion mixer in a transmitter is a key factor determining its performance. A 300-GHz sub-harmonic up-conversion mixer using symmetric varactors (SVAR’s) is demonstrated. This mixer takes an IF signal centered at 150 GHz and up-converts to RF at 290 GHz with an LO of 70 GHz. Implemented in 65-nm CMOS, the mixer achieves the maximum conversion gain (CG) of -16 dB and OP1dB of -11.4 dB. The OP1dB when reported was more than 10 dB higher compared to that of the other CMOS sub-harmonic up-conversion mixers in the literature. Fundamental mixing has superior conversion efficiency and output power. To increase CG and OP1dB, a fundamental up-conversion mixer with a similar structure using asymmetric varactors (ASVAR’s) is demonstrated. Using a similar transformer-based hybrid structure, this mixer achieves measured CG of -12.5 dB. The OP1dB is greater than -2 dBm with LO power of 15 dBm at 140 GHz. Due to the imbalance, a -21-dBm leakage at 2fLO is presented at the output. To reduce the generation of unwanted harmonic terms, a double-balanced up-conversion mixer using ASVAR is demonstrated in 65-nm CMOS. It utilizes a power-splitting-transformer hybrid for differential signal isolation. The up-converter achieves measured OP1dB of -6.2 dBm and maximum CG of -11.2 dB including input and output baluns, and a 3-dB bandwidth of ~25 GHz. The CG and OP1dB are the highest among all up-converters in CMOS with RF at ~300 GHz. These results are particularly critical for mixer-last transmitters operating near 300 GHz for high datarate communication. A 280-GHz transmitter using the proposed double-balanced mixer is experimentally demonstrated in 65-nm CMOS. The transmitter has a maximum output power of -8 dBm. The spectrum measurement shows the capability of transmitting 30-Gbps QPSK signals. This transmitter is the first ever demonstration of transmitters using varactor-based mixer above 100 GHz and supporting such a data rate.

Download or read book The Design and Implementation of Low Power CMOS Radio Receivers written by Derek Shaeffer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is hardly a profound observation to note that we remain in the midst of a wireless revolution. In 1998 alone, over 150 million cell phones were sold worldwide, representing an astonishing 50% increase over the previous year. Maintaining such a remarkable growth rate requires constant innovation to decrease cost while increasing performance and functionality. Traditionally, wireless products have depended on a mixture of semicond- tor technologies, spanning GaAs, bipolar and BiCMOS, just to name a few. A question that has been hotly debated is whether CMOS could ever be suitable for RF applications. However, given the acknowledged inferiority of CMOS transistors relative to those in other candidate technologies, it has been argued by many that “CMOS RF” is an oxymoron, an endeavor best left cloistered in the ivory towers of academia. In rebuttal, there are several compelling reasons to consider CMOS for wi- less applications. Aside from the exponential device and density improvements delivered regularly by Moore’s law, only CMOS offers a technology path for integrating RF and digital elements, potentially leading to exceptionally c- pact and low-cost devices. To enable this achievement, several thorny issues need to be resolved. Among these are the problem of poor passive com- nents, broadband noise in MOSFETs, and phase noise in oscillators made with CMOS. Beyond the component level, there is also the important question of whether there are different architectural choices that one would make if CMOS were used, given the different constraints.

Download or read book Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits and Technologies written by Frank Ellinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-11 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The striking feature of this book is its coverage of the upper GHz domain. However, the latest technologies, applications and broad range of circuits are discussed. Design examples are provided including cookbook-like optimization strategies. This state-of-the-art book is valuable for researchers as well as for engineers in industry. Furthermore, the book serves as fruitful basis for lectures in the area of IC design.

Download or read book Basic Linear Design written by Hank Zumbahlen and published by . This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: