Download or read book Climatology of Heavy Rainfall Associated with Tropical Cyclones Affecting the Central Appalachians written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 50 years (1950-2004) of rainfall events associated with tropical cyclones that affected the central Appalachians were examined. Tracks of tropical cyclones (or tropical depression remnants) that passed within 500 km of the National Weather Service Office in Blacksburg, VA were compared with associated rainfall analyses of the Appalachian region in Virginia, West Virginia, and northwest North Carolina. In addition, surface and upper air analyses were examined for each event to help determine the relative influence of factors such as upslope flow, overrunning, and boundary interaction in relation to the cyclone track on the specific location and amounts of precipitation. The speed of movement across or along the Appalachians, as well as intensity of the cyclone (maximum wind speeds) as it passed through the analysis area, was also considered. The events were divided into categories based on the location the tropical cyclone made landfall. The seasonal distribution, e.g., which specific months are favored for tropical cyclone activity in the region, is also shown. These data were compiled in order to provide forecasters with a climatological database of tropical cyclones affecting the area, as well as the rainfall from these events. Results of the study will aid forecasters when assessing the potential effects of future tropical cyclone tracks and their rainfall impact on the Central Appalachians.

Download or read book Effects of Appalachian Topography on Precipitation from Landfalling Hurricanes written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough analysis of rainfall distributions associated with tropical cyclones that have impinged upon or impacted the southern and central Appalachian mountain range is conducted using the North America Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The primary objective of this study is to improve the skill and precision of future forecasts by identifying specific areas where enhancement of the precipitation associated with landfalling tropical cyclones due to the direct and indirect effects of orography most frequently occurs. Based on the relative positions between the tropical cyclone tracks and the orientation of the Appalachian Mountains, four storm tracks are classified. We identify locations with the highest potential for flooding using local maximum analysis for each representative track. For storms that run parallel along the eastern side of the Appalachians (Track-B), heavy rainfall is located along eastern slopes with the heaviest precipitation falling across western North Carolina and central Virginia. Storm tracks that run parallel on the western side of the Appalachians (Track-C) show heaviest precipitation falling on the eastern slopes of western North Carolina. For storms that track more perpendicular to the mountain range, maximum rainfall is located over the mountains of central Virginia (Track-A) and across the southern Appalachians (Track-D). A second goal of this work is to document some of the effects of these mountains on landfalling tropical cyclones, on the synoptic environment as a whole, and on the interactions of these tropical and mid-latitude cyclones. Work here is focused on expanding upon the synoptic approach of Atallah et al. (2007). This is accomplished through examination of the precipitation climatology, analysis of composites and case studies, and by numerical simulation. Hart and Evans (2006) find that the orientation of the approaching upper-level mid-latitude trough is one of the most sign.

Download or read book The Climate Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atmospheric Rivers written by F. Martin Ralph and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the standard reference based on roughly 20 years of research on atmospheric rivers, emphasizing progress made on key research and applications questions and remaining knowledge gaps. The book presents the history of atmospheric-rivers research, the current state of scientific knowledge, tools, and policy-relevant (science-informed) problems that lend themselves to real-world application of the research—and how the topic fits into larger national and global contexts. This book is written by a global team of authors who have conducted and published the majority of critical research on atmospheric rivers over the past years. The book is intended to benefit practitioners in the fields of meteorology, hydrology and related disciplines, including students as well as senior researchers.

Download or read book Weekly Climate Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrometeorological Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1943 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Literature Review Effect of Climate Change on Tropical Cyclones written by Kopal Arora and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Meteorology, Aeronomy, Climatology, grade: 11.0, University of Exeter, language: English, abstract: Since tropical cyclones(TCs) are one of the major geophysical cause of loss of life and property, it is important to understand if there is any change in the frequency and intensity of TCs due to anthropogenic climate change. IPCC considers 0.25-0.5 C increase in warming over tropical oceans over the past few decades due to increase in greenhouse gas concentration over past 50years. During 6th International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones, a statement was released on the connection between the TCs and anthropogenic climate change. The statement was in response to the increase in number of recent high-impact TC events which includes, 10 land falling Tcs in Japan in 2004, 5 TCs affecting the Cook island in a five week period during 2005, cyclone Gafilo in Madagascar in 2004, cyclone Larry in Australia in 2006, typhoon Saomai in China in 2006, and violently active Atlantic TC season during the period of 2004 to 2005, including the catastrophic socioeconomic impact of Hurricane Katrina. A few recent articles [1] have noted a large increase in TC’s intensity, frequency and wind-speeds in some regions during past 5 decades, which could be attributed to the increase in the concentration of green house gases in past 50years. However, other studies explain this noticed increase as a result of better observations made and instruments used, making it easier to detect TCs. Consensus statement by the International workshop on TC-6 reported uncertain conclusions about the influence of climate change on TC after taking into account evidence both for and against. It was concluded that no TC could be solely attributed to the anthropogenic climate change. Model and theory predicts 3-5% increase in wind speed per degree C increase in SST. But, there is inconsistency between the small change in wind speed projected by theory and modelling versus large variations reported by some observational studies. Significant limitation of measurements over some regions make detection of trends difficult. It was suggested that if increase in SST continues, susceptibility to TC storm surge flooding would strengthen.

Download or read book Examining Planetary Synoptic and Mesoscale Features that Enhance Precipitation Associated with Landfalling Tropical Cyclones in North Carolina written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over North Carolina often produce excessive rain well inland from the location of landfall. A three-part study consisting of a precipitation analysis, climatological analysis and numerical model simulations was performed to determine the dominant mechanisms that influence precipitation associated with TCs that move over North Carolina. The goal was to determine the intrinsic or environmental features that enhance precipitation associated with the TCs influencing North Carolina and create a conceptual model to enable forecasters to better assess the likelihood of enhanced precipitation during TCs. In the precipitation analysis of 28 TCs that made landfall or tracked along North Carolina's immediate coastline from 1953-2003, the spread of precipitation and track of each storm across North Carolina was considered. The potential correlation between several intrinsic features (i.e. maximum storm intensity, landfall intensity and translation speed) and the 3-day storm average precipitation from 52 rain gauge stations across North Carolina were examined. The results indicated no statistically significant correlation between precipitation and any of the above features. Due to this lack of correlation, the preexisting synoptic/dynamic environment the TC was entering at landfall was examined to determine if the environmental features could be the dominant precipitation enhancing mechanism. In the climatological analysis the 28 TCs were divided into relatively heavy and relatively light rainfall groups so that composite analyses of several environmental features from 72 hours prior to landfall could be examined. The features included 250 hPa geopotential heights, 850-700 hPa and 500-250 hPa potential vorticity, 925-850 hPa moisture flux, 1000 hPa frontogenesis, temperatures, winds and mean sea level pressure. The results indicated that there are several significant planetary, synoptic and mesoscale climatological differences from 72 to 6 hou.

Download or read book Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.

Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.

Download or read book Southeastern Geographer written by David M. Cochran Jr. and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2012-04-01 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of Contents for Volume 52, Number 1 (Spring 2012) Cover Art A Section of the Kansas City Southern in Hattiesburg, Mississippi David M. Cochran, Jr. Introduction David M. Cochran, Jr. and Carl A. Reese Part I: Papers Spatial and Temporal Variations in West Virginia's Precipitation, 1931–2000 James Leonard and Kevin Law The Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper Individual Fishing Quota Program in Florida: Perceptions and Implications Kamal Alsharif and Nathan Miller Reflections in the Water: Society and Recreational Facilities, a Case Study of Public Swimming Pools in Mississippi P. Caleb Smith Local Food Initiatives in Tobacco Transitions of the Southeastern United States Richard A. Russo A GIS-Based Football Stadium Evacuation Model Joslyn J. Zale and Bandana Kar Part II: Geographical Notes The Origin and Appreciation of Savannah, Georgia's Historic City Squares Louis De Vorsey Part III: Reviews Louisiana Place Names of Indian Origin, A Collection of Words William A. Read, edited by George M. Riser Reviewed by Andy Hilburn The SAGE Handbook of Geographical Knowledge Edited by John Agnew and David N. Livingstone Reviewed by J. O. Joby Bass

Download or read book Climate Trends and Synoptic Patterns Associated with Major Precipitation Events of the Southern Appalachians written by Ryan P. Shadbolt and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This study focuses on the southern Appalachians, a region of pronounced biodiversity. While environmental change in the area is documented, our understanding of associated regional climate change remains less certain. For this reason, surface observations of minimum, maximum, and mean temperature, total precipitation, and total snowfall from 463 stations within the region were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center's Cooperative Observer Program to facilitate the construction of a baseline climatology focused on temporal trends and spatial clusters. First-order temporal trends show that the southern Appalachian region experienced statistically significant cooling trends during 1931-2006, although two-phase regression results also reveal that statistically significant warming trends emerged during recent decades. This warming was most evident in wintertime and minimum temperatures with January temperatures warming as much as 4.00°C between the mid 1970s and 2006. Overall, diurnal and annual temperature ranges decreased, while annual precipitation increased over the study period. Snowfall totals decreased at low and mid elevations and a statistically significant increase occurred at high elevations. The recent warming and decreasing temperature ranges for this locale support trends presented within recent reports from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the United States Global Change Research Program. The effectiveness of the cluster analysis was limited by the availability and spatial resolution of the observation stations. However, the resulting clusters still depicted relationships between stations of similar geographic locations and elevations and up to five climate regimes were defined for the region. Additionally, a study of synoptic patterns during 1437 major precipitation events spanning 1979-2006 revealed up to 11 common synoptic patterns. The synoptic patterns were created by objective, subjective, and hybrid clustering approaches. The results from the objective approach differed from the subjective approach, and patterns uncovered by the hybrid approach had similarities to both the objective and subjective approaches. Since results varied depending on the cluster approach used, it is recommended that future studies should not rely solely on one approach when clustering synoptic patterns. A temporal analysis showed that some synoptic patterns became more or less frequent over the 1979-2006 period and some trends were statistically significant. Precipitation events associated with low-pressure and frontal systems became more frequent, whereas precipitation events associated primarily with orographic lifting or thermodynamics became less common. The results from this dissertation build upon those from previous studies and provide a more complete summary of the region's recent climate, one that should help inform future climate studies of the region and inform those who manage the region's ecosystems.

Download or read book Developments in Teracomputing written by Walter Zwieflhofer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geosciences, particularly numerical weather prediction, are demanding the highest levels of available computer power. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, with its experience in using supercomputers in this field, organises every second year a workshop bringing together manufacturers, computer scientists, researchers and operational users to share their experiences and to learn about the latest developments. This book reports on the November 2000 workshop. It provides an excellent overview of the latest achievements in, and plans for the use of, new parallel techniques in meteorology, climatology and oceanography. Contents: Research and Development of the Earth Simulator (K Yoshida & S Shingu); Parallel Computing at Canadian Meteorological Centre (J-P Toviessi et al.); Parallel Elliptic Solvers for the Implicit Global Variable-Resolution Grid-Point GEM Model: Iterative and Fast Direct Methods (A Qaddouri & J Ct(r)); IFS Developments (D Dent et al.); Performance of Parallelized Forecast and Analysis Models at JMA (Y Oikawa); Building a Scalable Parallel Architecture for Spectal GCMS (T N Venkatesh et al.); Semi-Implicit Spectral Element Methods for Atmospheric General Circulation Models (R D Loft & S J Thomas); Experiments with NCEP's Spectral Model (J-F Estrade et al.); The Implementation of I/O Servers in NCEP's ETA Model on the IBM SP (J Tuccillo); Implementation of a Complete Weather Forecasting Suite on PARAM 10 000 (S C Purohit et al.); Parallel Load Balance System of Regional Multiple Scale Advanced Prediction System (J Zhiyan); Grid Computing for Meteorology (G-R Hoffmann); The Requirements for an Active Archive at the Met Office (M Carter); Intelligent Support for High I/O Requirements of Leading Edge Scientific Codes on High-End Computing Systems OCo The ESTEDI Project (K Kleese & P Baumann); Coupled Marine Ecosystem Modelling on High-Performance Computers (M Ashworth et al.); OpenMP in the Physics Portion of the Met Office Model (R W Ford & P M Burton); Converting the Halo-Update Subroutine in the Met Office Unified Model to Co-Array Fortran (P M Burton et al.); Parallel Ice Dynamics in an Operational Baltic Sea Model (T Wilhelmsson); Parallel Coupling of Regional Atmosphere and Ocean Models (S Frickenhaus et al.); Dynamic Load Balancing for Atmospheric Models (G Karagiorgos et al.); HPC in Switzerland: New Developments in Numerical Weather Prediction (M Ballabio et al.); The Role of Advanced Computing in Future Weather Prediction (A E MacDonald); The Scalable Modeling System: A High-Level Alternative to MPI (M Govett et al.); Development of a Next-Generation Regional Weather Research and Forecast Model (J Michalakes et al.); Parallel Numerical Kernels for Climate Models (V Balaji); Using Accurate Arithmetics to Improve Numerical Reproducibility and Stability in Parallel Applications (Y He & C H Q Ding); Parallelization of a GCM Using a Hybrid Approach on the IBM SP2 (S Cocke & Z Christidis); Developments in High Performance Computing at Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (K D Pollak & R M Clancy); The Computational Performance of the NCEP Seasonal Forecast Model on Fujitsu VPP5000 at ECMWF (H-M H Juang & M Kanamitsu); Panel Experience on Using High Performance Computing in Meteorology OCo Summary of the Discussion (P Prior). Readership: Researchers, professionals and students in meteorology, climatology and oceanography."

Download or read book Flash Flood Forecasting Over Complex Terrain written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-28 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation's network of more than 130 Next Generation Radars (NEXRADs) is used to detect wind and precipitation to help National Weather Service forecasters monitor and predict flash floods and other storms. This book assesses the performance of the Sulphur Mountain NEXRAD in Southern California, which has been scrutinized for its ability to detect precipitation in the atmosphere below 6000 feet. The book finds that the Sulphur Mountain NEXRAD provides crucial coverage of the lower atmosphere and is appropriately situated to assist the Los Angeles-Oxnard National Weather Service Forecast Office in successfully forecasting and warning of flash floods. The book concludes that, in general, NEXRAD technology is effective in mountainous terrain but can be improved.

Download or read book Atmospheric Turbulence and Mesoscale Meteorology written by Evgeni Fedorovich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-10-21 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading researchers come together in this 2004 text to survey recent developments in atmospheric turbulence and mesoscale meteorology.

Download or read book Statistical Methods in Water Resources written by D.R. Helsel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-03-03 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data on water quality and other environmental issues are being collected at an ever-increasing rate. In the past, however, the techniques used by scientists to interpret this data have not progressed as quickly. This is a book of modern statistical methods for analysis of practical problems in water quality and water resources. The last fifteen years have seen major advances in the fields of exploratory data analysis (EDA) and robust statistical methods. The 'real-life' characteristics of environmental data tend to drive analysis towards the use of these methods. These advances are presented in a practical and relevant format. Alternate methods are compared, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each as applied to environmental data. Techniques for trend analysis and dealing with water below the detection limit are topics covered, which are of great interest to consultants in water-quality and hydrology, scientists in state, provincial and federal water resources, and geological survey agencies. The practising water resources scientist will find the worked examples using actual field data from case studies of environmental problems, of real value. Exercises at the end of each chapter enable the mechanics of the methodological process to be fully understood, with data sets included on diskette for easy use. The result is a book that is both up-to-date and immediately relevant to ongoing work in the environmental and water sciences.

Download or read book Prediction of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity and Rainfall written by Beda Nidhi Luitel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among natural disasters affecting the United States, North Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) and hurricanes are responsible for the highest economic losses and are one of the main causes of fatalities. Although we cannot prevent these storms from occurring, skillful seasonal predictions of the North Atlantic TC activity and associated impacts can provide basic information critical to our improved preparedness. Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to predict heavy rainfall and flooding associated with these storms several months in advance, and the lead time is limited to few days at the most. On the other hand, overall North Atlantic TC activity can be potentially predicted with a six- to nine-month lead time. This thesis focuses on the evaluation of the skill in predicting basin-wide North Atlantic TC activity with a long lead time and rainfall with a short lead time. For the seasonal forecast of TC activity, we develop statistical-dynamical forecasting systems for different quantities related to the frequency and intensity of North Atlantic TCs using only tropical Atlantic and tropical mean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) as covariates. Our results show that skillful predictions of North Atlantic TC activity are possible starting from November for a TC season that peaks in the August-October months. The short term forecasting of rainfall associated with TC activity is based on five numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Our analyses focused on 15 North Atlantic TCs that made landfall along the U.S. coast over the period of 2007-2012. The skill of the NWP models is quantified by visual examination of the distribution of the errors for the different lead-times, and numerical examination of the first three moments of the error distribution. Based on our results, we conclude that the NWP models can provide skillful forecasts of TC rainfall with lead times up to 48 hours, without a consistently best or worst NWP model.