Download or read book Climate Change Naval War written by Arnd Bernaerts and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern climate shows two major climate shifts 1918 and 1939 caused by thousands of naval ships churning seas and oceans during two World Wars that determminated global climate change cnditions

Download or read book Booklet on Naval War Changes Climate written by Arnd Bernaerts and published by . This book was released on 2006-10 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The British Prime Minister Tony Blair declared recently that there was no bigger long-term question facing the global community than the threat of a climate change due to man-made greenhouse gases. Unfortunately, the focus is misplaced. It is not the atmosphere which determines the fate of the climate. It is the ocean which does it. Naval warfare during the two World Wars determined two major climate changes: a sustained warming which started at the end of World War I and lasted 20 years, and the next climatic shift which started during the winter 1939/40 and caused a four-decades global cooling. The extensive fighting at sea was a real threat for the normal course of the climate. How could the course of international conflicts have been managed if the world's leading statesmen of the 20th century had been concerned with the climatic changes due to the impact that a war at sea could have had on the ocean and on the climate? Would Adolf Hitler have reconsidered his war aims in the summer of 1939 if the United States had warned him of their immediate implication in the looming war in case his decision would bring 1000 naval ships out on sea, thus generating a substantial climatic shift? The naval war thesis is an intriguing contribution to the 'global warming issue' and has the potential of revolutionizing the current climate change debate.

Download or read book The Pentagon Climate Change and War written by Neta C. Crawford and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-10-04 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the Pentagon became the world’s largest single greenhouse gas emitter and why it’s not too late to break the link between national security and fossil fuel consumption. The military has for years (unlike many politicians) acknowledged that climate change is real, creating conditions so extreme that some military officials fear future climate wars. At the same time, the U.S. Department of Defense—military forces and DOD agencies—is the largest single energy consumer in the United States and the world’s largest institutional greenhouse gas emitter. In this eye-opening book, Neta Crawford traces the U.S. military’s growing consumption of energy and calls for a reconceptualization of foreign policy and military doctrine. Only such a rethinking, she argues, will break the link between national security and fossil fuels. The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War shows how the U.S. economy and military together have created a deep and long-term cycle of economic growth, fossil fuel use, and dependency. This cycle has shaped U.S. military doctrine and, over the past fifty years, has driven the mission to protect access to Persian Gulf oil. Crawford shows that even as the U.S. military acknowledged and adapted to human-caused climate change, it resisted reporting its own greenhouse gas emissions. Examining the idea of climate change as a “threat multiplier” in national security, she argues that the United States faces more risk from climate change than from lost access to Persian Gulf oil—or from most military conflicts. The most effective way to cut military emissions, Crawford suggests provocatively, is to rethink U.S. grand strategy, which would enable the United States to reduce the size and operations of the military.

Download or read book War Changes Climate written by Arnd Bernaerts and published by Trafford on Demand Pub. This book was released on 2006 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book explains how naval warfare during WWI and WWII made global climate shifting direction very pronounced by a big warming in 1918 and a four decade cooling since 1940.

Download or read book National Security Implications of Climate Change for U S Naval Forces written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-26 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), the National Research Council appointed a committee operating under the auspices of the Naval Studies Board to study the national security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. In conducting this study, the committee found that even the most moderate current trends in climate, if continued, will present new national security challenges for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. While the timing, degree, and consequences of future climate change impacts remain uncertain, many changes are already underway in regions around the world, such as in the Arctic, and call for action by U.S. naval leadership in response. The terms of reference (TOR) directed that the study be based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and other peer-reviewed assessment. Therefore, the committee did not address the science of climate change or challenge the scenarios on which the committee's findings and recommendations are based. National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces addresses both the near- and long-term implications for U.S. naval forces in each of the four areas of the TOR, and provides corresponding findings and recommendations. This report and its conclusions are organized around six discussion areas-all presented within the context of a changing climate.

Download or read book Environmental Information for Naval Warfare written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-01 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate and timely environmental information can provide a tactical advantage to U.S. naval forces during warfare. This report analyzes the current environmental information system used by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps and recommends ways to address uncertainty and leverage network-centric operating principles to enhance the value of environmental information.

Download or read book The Pentagon Climate Change and War written by Neta C. Crawford and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-10-04 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How the Pentagon became the world’s largest single greenhouse gas emitter and why it’s not too late to break the link between national security and fossil fuel consumption. The military has for years (unlike many politicians) acknowledged that climate change is real, creating conditions so extreme that some military officials fear future climate wars. At the same time, the U.S. Department of Defense—military forces and DOD agencies—is the largest single energy consumer in the United States and the world’s largest institutional greenhouse gas emitter. In this eye-opening book, Neta Crawford traces the U.S. military’s growing consumption of energy and calls for a reconceptualization of foreign policy and military doctrine. Only such a rethinking, she argues, will break the link between national security and fossil fuels. The Pentagon, Climate Change, and War shows how the U.S. economy and military together have created a deep and long-term cycle of economic growth, fossil fuel use, and dependency. This cycle has shaped U.S. military doctrine and, over the past fifty years, has driven the mission to protect access to Persian Gulf oil. Crawford shows that even as the U.S. military acknowledged and adapted to human-caused climate change, it resisted reporting its own greenhouse gas emissions. Examining the idea of climate change as a “threat multiplier” in national security, she argues that the United States faces more risk from climate change than from lost access to Persian Gulf oil—or from most military conflicts. The most effective way to cut military emissions, Crawford suggests provocatively, is to rethink U.S. grand strategy, which would enable the United States to reduce the size and operations of the military.

Download or read book Analysis of Pathways to Reach Net Zero Naval Operations by 2050 written by Kristen Fletcher and published by Nimble Books. This book was released on 2024-02-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Navy faces daunting and historic challenges today and for many years to come. It is unable to protect even US-flagged shipping in the Red Sea from attacks by a well-armed faction of rebels in one of the poorest countries in the Middle East. In the Pacific, the USN faces a Chinese Navy that is growing rapidly, powered by Chinese shipbuilding capacity that outmasses the US 200:1. Meanwhile, national strategy imposes the new and, frankly, orthogonal, requirement that the Department of Defense, the world's largest single emitter, should be at net zero carbon emissions by 2050. These circumstances make the following 2022 thesis by ten students at the Naval War College essential, if teeth-grinding, reading. From it, the climate-change-conscious reader may hope to: - Gain valuable insights into strategies and technologies for achieving net zero emissions in the Navy by 2050, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change. - Understand the potential impact of alternative fuels, hydrogen, batteries, and renewable energy on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the Navy, addressing the urgent need for sustainability and clean energy solutions. - Connect with current public concerns about climate change and the transition to a more sustainable future by exploring the Navy's efforts to reduce emissions, contribute to national and international climate action, and lead the way in decarbonizing operations. The navalist reader, most concerned with the Navy getting places on time, spending its money on war-fighting, and emerging victorious from conflict, may find the experience more frustrating-but still essential, as the logic demanding reduction in emissions is ineluctable. This annotated edition illustrates the capabilities of the AI Lab for Book-Lovers to add context and ease-of-use to manuscripts. It includes several types of abstracts, building from simplest to more complex: TLDR (one word), ELI5, TLDR (vanilla), Scientific Style, and Action Items; essays to increase viewpoint diversity, such as Grounds for Dissent, Red Team Critique, and MAGA Perspective; and Notable Passages and Nutshell Summaries for each page.

Download or read book Global Warming Could Have a Chilling Effect on the Military written by Richard F. Pittenger and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most debates and studies addressing potential climate change have focused on the buildup of industrial greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and a gradual increase in global temperatures. But this "slow ramp" climate change scenario ignores recent and rapidly advancing evidence that Earth's climate repeatedly has become much colder, warmer, wetter, or drier-in time spans as short as three to 10 years. Earth's climate system appears to have sensitive thresholds, the crossing of which shifts the system into different modes of operation and triggers rapid, non-linear, and not necessarily global changes. This new paradigm of abrupt climate change does not appear to be on the radar screens of military planners, who treat climate change as a long term, low-level threat, with mostly sociological, not national security, implications. But intense and abrupt climate changes could escalate environmental issues into unanticipated security threats, and could compromise an unprepared military. The global ocean circulation system, often called the Ocean Conveyor, can change rapidly and shift the distribution patterns of heat and rainfall over large areas of the globe. The North Atlantic region is particularly vulnerable to abrupt regional coolings linked to ocean circulation changes. Global warming and ocean circulation changes also threaten the Arctic Ocean's sea ice cover. Beyond the abrupt climatic impacts, fundamental changes in ocean circulation also have immediate naval implications. Recent evidence suggests that the oceans already may be experiencing large-scale changes that could affect Earth's climate. Military planners should begin to consider potential abrupt climate change scenarios and their impacts on national defense.

Download or read book Climate Change written by Arnd Bernaerts and published by . This book was released on 2022-06-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of Dr. Bernaerts' climate work has been to raise awareness of the importance and better understanding of the oceans to minimize the risk of anthropogenic impact on the marine environment, which may have profound impact on climate change.He discovered that major climatic shifts starting in 1850 can be linked to naval war activities during World War I, namely the warming of the Northern Hemisphere from about 1918 to 1939. Also a factor was global cooling from 1940 through mid-1970s, which started with three extraordinarily harsh winters in Europe from December 1939. In many regions the winters were the coldest in more than a century as analyzed in several studies since 2006.

Download or read book All Hell Breaking Loose written by Michael T. Klare and published by Metropolitan Books. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All Hell Breaking Loose is an eye-opening examination of climate change from the perspective of the U.S. military. The Pentagon, unsentimental and politically conservative, might not seem likely to be worried about climate change—still linked, for many people, with polar bears and coral reefs. Yet of all the major institutions in American society, none take climate change as seriously as the U.S. military. Both as participants in climate-triggered conflicts abroad, and as first responders to hurricanes and other disasters on American soil, the armed services are already confronting the impacts of global warming. The military now regards climate change as one of the top threats to American national security—and is busy developing strategies to cope with it. Drawing on previously obscure reports and government documents, renowned security expert Michael Klare shows that the U.S. military sees the climate threat as imperiling the country on several fronts at once. Droughts and food shortages are stoking conflicts in ethnically divided nations, with “climate refugees” producing worldwide havoc. Pandemics and other humanitarian disasters will increasingly require extensive military involvement. The melting Arctic is creating new seaways to defend. And rising seas threaten American cities and military bases themselves. While others still debate the causes of global warming, the Pentagon is intensely focused on its effects. Its response makes it clear that where it counts, the immense impact of climate change is not in doubt.

Download or read book Taking Up the Security Challenge of Climate Change written by Rymn J. Parsons and published by Strategic Studies Institute. This book was released on 2009 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Climate change, in which man-made global warming is a major factor, will likely have dramatic and long lasting consequences with profound security implications, making it a challenge the United States must urgently take up. The security implications will be most pronounced in places where the effects of climate change are greatest, particularly affecting weak states already especially vulnerable to environmental destabilization. Two things are vitally important: stemming the tide of climate change and adapting to its far-reaching consequences. This project examines the destabilizing effects of climate change and how the military could be used to mitigate global warming and to assist at-risk peoples and states to adapt to climate change, thereby promoting stability and sustainable security. Recommendations are made on the importance of U.S. leadership on the critical issue of global warming, on defining and dealing with the strategic dimensions of climate change, and, as a case in point, on how Sino-American cooperation in Africa would not only benefit areas where climate change effects are already pronounced, but also strengthen a crucial bilateral relationship."--Abstract.

Download or read book War Transformed written by Mick Ryan and published by US Naval Institute Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "War Transformed provides insights for those involved in the design of military strategy, and the forces that must execute that strategy. Emphasizing the impacts of technology, new era strategic competition, demography, and climate change, Mick Ryan uses historical as well as contemporary anecdotes throughout the book to highlight key challenges faced by nations in a new era of great power rivalry"--

Download or read book Adapting to a Changing World The United States Climate Change and the Arctic Maritime Commons written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new Arctic maritime commons is opening as a tangible reality of climate change. In the next two decades, portions of the Arctic will be largely ice free for many months of the summer. With the retreat of the Arctic ice, new direct shipping routes between the Atlantic and Pacific will open. Additionally, this will bring access to a wealth of untapped natural resources, including 25% of the world's remaining undiscovered reserves of oil and natural gas. Changes in the Arctic have already brought a growing surge of maritime claims and commercial activity. The neighboring nations of Canada, Denmark, Norway, and Russia seek to extend their claims beyond the traditional 200 nautical mile limit. The United States must answer two questions in determining how it will adapt in a changing Arctic. First, what strategic interests does the United States have in the region and what role will the country take in an ice-free Arctic? Second, what is the nature of the command and control organization required for the United States to operate in this emerging maritime commons? The Arctic Ocean is a region of vital national interest to the United States. With its rich natural resources, commercial shipping interests, and conflicting maritime claims it represents a new maritime domain that is also a potential hot bed of dispute and conflict. For the United States to exert a leadership position in the Arctic, it must participate in international treaties that provide mechanisms for resolving conflicts over maritime claims. The United States is the sole Arctic nation not to have signed the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Furthermore, the demands of the Arctic require a unique command and control structure capable of dealing with the remote, hostile environment and multi-national character of the region.

Download or read book Failures of Meteorology Unable to Prevent Climate Change and World Wars written by Arnd Bernaerts and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second World War stands for the criminal madness of German Nazi government. Less known is their responsibility for the only climatic shift from warm to cold in an otherwise constantly warming world over the last 150 years. Not knowing the reason for the biggest climatic shift since industrialization, which started in winter 1939/40, rectifies to speak about failures of meteorology. Only four months into Second World War Northern Europe experienced the coldest winter in 100 years. The reason: plain physics! Naval war in Northern European seas released the summer heat too quickly. Polar air got free access to Europe. The same applies to the second and third war winter. Europe was back in the Little Ice Age. After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7th, 1941 naval war became a global affair. In close conformity with naval war in European seas, and subsequently in the Pacific, a pronounced global cooling took place, which lasted until about the mid 1970s. Furthermore, a thorough research of strong warming in the Northern Hemisphere from winter 1918/19 to winter 1939/40 would have revealed a convincing link to naval war in Europe from 1914 to 1918. But climatology does not care! The connection between two naval wars and two climatic changes within 25 years has not yet been investigated and explained. If they had warned governments about the threat of climate change, as their successors currently do with the "greenhouse effect", naval activities in two World Wars may have been prevented, or at least been limited. Claims to understand climate should be regarded as a failure as long as meteorology is unable to explain the two most pronounced climatic shifts during the last century and the role two world wars had in this game. These two events would show that the oceans have a dominate role in the climate system, and man is able to change its direction by intensive activities in the marine environment. It took four months to generate the extreme regional winter 19

Download or read book Science on a Mission written by Naomi Oreskes and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A vivid portrait of how Naval oversight shaped American oceanography, revealing what difference it makes who pays for science. What difference does it make who pays for science? Some might say none. If scientists seek to discover fundamental truths about the world, and they do so in an objective manner using well-established methods, then how could it matter who’s footing the bill? History, however, suggests otherwise. In science, as elsewhere, money is power. Tracing the recent history of oceanography, Naomi Oreskes discloses dramatic changes in American ocean science since the Cold War, uncovering how and why it changed. Much of it has to do with who pays. After World War II, the US military turned to a new, uncharted theater of warfare: the deep sea. The earth sciences—particularly physical oceanography and marine geophysics—became essential to the US Navy, which poured unprecedented money and logistical support into their study. Science on a Mission brings to light how this influx of military funding was both enabling and constricting: it resulted in the creation of important domains of knowledge but also significant, lasting, and consequential domains of ignorance. As Oreskes delves into the role of patronage in the history of science, what emerges is a vivid portrait of how naval oversight transformed what we know about the sea. It is a detailed, sweeping history that illuminates the ways funding shapes the subject, scope, and tenor of scientific work, and it raises profound questions about the purpose and character of American science. What difference does it make who pays? The short answer is: a lot.

Download or read book National Security Implications of Climate Change for U S Naval Forces written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents "the committee's findings and recommendations, at this stage of the study, under the following four key topics, which are embedded in the terms of reference: (1) naval capabilities and potential climate-change-related operational issues globally, together with the closely related matter of the role of allied partnerships in regard to such global operational issues; (2) climate change impacts on global naval installations; (3) naval capabilities and potential climate-change-related operational issues in the Arctic; and (4) climate-change-related technical issues impacting naval operations, particularly in the Arctic"--Page 3.