Download or read book The Wetland Book written by C. Max Finlayson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 1546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In discussion with Ramsar’s Max Finlayson and Nick Davidson, and several members of the Society of Wetland Scientists, Springer is proposing the development of a new Encyclopedia of Wetlands, a comprehensive resource aimed at supporting the trans- and multidisciplinary research and practice which is inherent to this field. Aware both that wetlands research is on the rise and that researchers and students are often working or learning across several disciplines, we are proposing a readily accessible online and print reference which will be the first port of call on key concepts in wetlands science and management. This easy-to-follow reference will allow multidisciplinary teams and transdisciplinary individuals to look up terms, access further details, read overviews on key issues and navigate to key articles selected by experts.
Download or read book Salt Marshes written by Duncan M. FitzGerald and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary review of salt marshes, describing how they function and respond to external pressures such as sea-level rise.
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts to the Tidal Salt Marsh Habitats of San Pablo Bay California written by Karen Maria Thorne and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The response of ecosystems to climate change is difficult to evaluate and predict, and often are constrained by anthropogenic modifications to the natural environment. Here, I assess the impacts of sea-level rise and extreme storm events on a tidal salt marsh ecosystem located in San Francisco Bay estuary (California, USA) that contains local endemic and endangered wildlife species. The San Francisco Bay estuary has been heavily impacted from human development resulting in the loss of over 80% of its historic tidal salt marshes. In this dissertation, I hypothesize that there will be short-term impacts from extreme storm events and long-term impacts from sea-level rise on the San Pablo Bay endemic marsh wildlife. The first chapter of this dissertation is a discussion about the current state of understanding about climate change impacts on salt marsh habitats and wildlife, using San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge (SPBNWR) as a case study. The second chapter documents two extreme storm events in 2010 and 2011, and discusses impacts on available marsh habitats. At peak storm surge, over 65% (2010) and 93% (2011) of the marsh habitat for wildlife was under water, presumably increasing predation and drowning risk. In the third chapter, I evaluate if SPBNWR is currently keeping pace with sea-level rise and what biogeomorphic processes may be important. Subsidence and accretion was found to vary spatially, with only 37% of the marsh keeping pace with current sea-level rise rates. Surprisingly, I found widespread subsidence (55%) in areas adjacent to constructed levees. Using Akaike Information Criterion (AICc), I found that the distance from the sediment source (San Pablo Bay edge) was the most important covariate to determine accretion. In the fourth chapter, I develop a spatially-explicit, sea-level rise response model for SPBNWR to assess habitat resiliency to 2100. The model projected a loss of most high marsh habitat by 2050, and a loss of most mid marsh habitat by 2040 to 2060. Low marsh habitat showed a temporary increase in area between 2030 and 2050, with the peak (658 ha) in 2040. A large eastern portion of the marsh or 75% of the area (1,004 ha) converted to predominantly mudflat by 2060 with a 47 cm increase in sea-level. However, an almost complete conversion to mudflat occurred with a 75 cm sea-level rise by 2080, with
Download or read book The Management of Natural Coastal Carbon Sinks written by Dan Laffoley and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Change in Salt Marshes written by Svenja Reents and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Soil Organic Matter Models written by David S. Powlson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter (SOM) represents a major pool of carbon within the biosphere, roughly twice than in atmospheric CO2. SOM models embody our best understanding of soil carbon dynamics and are needed to predict how global environmental change will influence soil carbon stocks. These models are also required for evaluating the likely effectiveness of different mitigation options. The first important step towards systematically evaluating the suitability of SOM models for these purposes is to test their simulations against real data. Since changes in SOM occur slowly, long-term datasets are required. This volume brings together leading SOM model developers and experimentalists to test SOM models using long-term datasets from diverse ecosystems, land uses and climatic zones within the temperate region.
Download or read book Sabkha Ecosystems written by Bilquees Gul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the sixth and final volume in the Tasks for Vegetation Science book series, and it concludes the most comprehensive scientific documentation dealing with hypersaline ecosystems of the world.
Download or read book Marine Ecological Processes written by I. Valiela and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Ecological Processes is a modern review and synthesis of marine ecology that provides the reader - particularly the graduate student - with a lucid introduction to the intellectual concepts, approaches, and methods of this evolving discipline. Comprehensive in its coverage, this book focuses on the processes controlling marine ecosystems, communities, and populations and demonstrates how general ecological principles - derived from terrestrial and freshwater systems as well - apply to marine ecosystems. Numerous illustrations, examples, and references clearly impart to the reader the current state of research in this field; its achievements as well as unresolved controversies.
Download or read book Human Impacts on Salt Marshes written by Brian R. Silliman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-06-03 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Human Impacts on Salt Marshes provides an excellent global synthesis of an important, underappreciated environmental problem and suggests solutions to the diverse threats affecting salt marshes."—Peter B. Moyle, University of California, Davis
Download or read book Coastal Wetlands written by Gerardo M.E. Perillo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-01-18 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal wetlands are under a great deal of pressure from the dual forces of rising sea level and the intervention of human populations both along the estuary and in the river catchment. Direct impacts include the destruction or degradation of wetlands from land reclamation and infrastructures. Indirect impacts derive from the discharge of pollutants, changes in river flows and sediment supplies, land clearing, and dam operations. As sea level rises, coastal wetlands in most areas of the world migrate landward to occupy former uplands. The competition of these lands from human development is intensifying, making the landward migration impossible in many cases. This book provides an understanding of the functioning of coastal ecosystems and the ecological services that they provide, and suggestions for their management. In this book a CD is included containing color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world. - Includes a CD containing color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world.
Download or read book Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology written by M.P. Weinstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tidal salt marshes are viewed as critical habitats for the production of fish and shellfish. As a result, considerable legislation has been promulgated to conserve and protect these habitats, and much of it is in effect today. The relatively young science of ecological engineering has also emerged, and there are now attempts to reverse centuries-old losses by encouraging sound wetland restoration practices. Today, tens of thousands of hectares of degraded or isolated coastal wetlands are being restored worldwide. Whether restored wetlands reach functional equivalency to `natural' systems is a subject of heated debate. Equally debatable is the paradigm that depicts tidal salt marshes as the `great engine' that drives much of the secondary production in coastal waters. This view was questioned in the early 1980s by investigators who noted that total carbon export, on the order of 100 to 200 g m-2 y-1 was of much lower magnitude than originally thought. These authors also recognized that some marshes were either net importers of carbon, or showed no net exchange. Thus, the notion of `outwelling' has become but a single element in an evolving view of marsh function and the link between primary and secondary production. The `revisionist' movement was launched in 1979 when stable isotopic ratios of macrophytes and animal tissues were found to be `mismatched'. Some eighteen years later, the view of marsh function is still undergoing additional modification, and we are slowly unraveling the complexities of biogeochemical cycles, nutrient exchange, and the links between primary producers and the marsh/estuary fauna. Yet, since Teal's seminal paper nearly forty years ago, we are not much closer to understanding how marshes work. If anything, we have learned that the story is far more complicated than originally thought. Despite more than four decades of intense research, we do not yet know how salt marshes function as essential habitat, nor do we know the relative contributions to secondary production, both in situ or in the open waters of the estuary. The theme of this Symposium was to review the status of salt marsh research and revisit the existing paradigm(s) for salt marsh function. Challenge questions were designed to meet the controversy head on: Do marshes support the production of marine transient species? If so, how? Are any of these species marsh obligates? How much of the production takes place in situ versus in open waters of the estuary/coastal zone? Sessions were devoted to reviews of landmark studies, or current findings that advance our knowledge of salt marsh function. A day was also devoted to ecological engineering and wetland restoration papers addressing state-of-the-art methodology and specific case histories. Several challenge papers arguing for and against our ability to restore functional salt marshes led off each session. This volume is intended to serve as a synthesis of our current understanding of the ecological role of salt marshes, and will, it is hoped, pave the way for a new generation of research.
Download or read book Remediating Impacts of Global Climate Change induced Submergence on Salt Marsh Ecosystem Functions written by Camille LaFosse Stagg and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biogeochemical Dynamics at Major River Coastal Interfaces written by Thomas Bianchi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, state-of-the-art synthesis of biogeochemical dynamics and the impact of human alterations at major river-coastal interfaces for advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book Salt Marshes written by Judith S Weis and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tall green grass. Subtle melodies of songbirds. Sharp whines of muskrats. Rustles of water running through the grasses. And at low tide, a pungent reminder of the treasures hidden beneath the surface.All are vital signs of the great salt marshes' natural resources. Now championed as critical habitats for plants, animals, and people because of the environmental service and protection they provide, these ecological wonders were once considered unproductive wastelands, home solely to mosquitoes and toxic waste, and mistreated for centuries by the human population. Exploring the fascinating biodiversity of these boggy wetlands, Salt Marshes offers readers a wealth of essential information about a variety of plants, fish, and animals, the importance of these habitats, consequences of human neglect and thoughtless development, and insight into how these wetlands recover. Judith S. Weis and Carol A. Butler shed ample light on the human impact, including chapters on physical and biological alterations, pollution, and remediation and recovery programs. In addition to a national and global perspective, the authors place special emphasis on coastal wetlands in the Atlantic and Gulf regions, as well as the San Francisco Bay Area, calling attention to their historical and economic legacies. Written in clear, easy-to-read language, Salt Marshes proves that the battles for preservation and conservation must continue, because threats to salt marshes ebb and flow like the water that runs through them.
Download or read book Estuaries A Lifeline of Ecosystem Services in the Western Indian Ocean written by Salif Diop and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-22 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides recent environmental, ecological and hydrodynamic information for the major estuaries and the coastal marine systems of the Western Indian Ocean Region. It covers various functions and values of the region’s estuarine ecosystems and their respective habitats, including the land/ocean interactions that define and impact ecosystem services. The Western Indian Ocean region covered by this volume consists of the continental coastal states of Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa and Tanzania and the island states of Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles and Comoros.
Download or read book California Salt Marsh Accretion Ecosystem Services and Disturbance Responses In the Face of Climate Change written by Lauren Brown and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal salt marsh ecosystems in California are at risk from projected rates of sea-level rise (SLR) of up to an order of magnitude higher than rates seen over the past 6,000 years of stable sea levels (Griggs, Cayan, Tebaldi, Fricker, & rvai, 2017). With rates of this magnitude, salt marsh area, already limited by land use changes in the 19th and 20th centuries, could be completely lost by 2100 (Thorne et al., 2018). To better understand how California salt marshes are adapting to modern acceleration of SLR, over 100 sediment cores were collected from 13 salt marsh sites, ranging from Humboldt Bay to Tijuana River Estuary. Sediment accretion rates over the past several hundred years were measured using radiocesium, radiolead, and radiocarbon dating on 32 cores. Valuation of the carbon storage, an ecosystem service known as blue carbon provided by salt marshes, presents an opportunity to help preserve and restore sites threatened by SLR through carbon credits (Bear, 2017; Callaway, Borgnis, Turner, & Milan, 2012; Mcleod et al., 2011), but there are many questions which much be addressed before this can become a reality for the state of California (Macreadie et al., 2019). A standardized protocol for estimation of carbon content from loss-on-ignition (LOI) was developed with an emphasis on quantifying error and uncertainty in carbon measurements for blue carbon purposes. Using a conversion between soil organic matter and soil organic carbon shown to be effective for California salt marshes, carbon content was estimated through LOI analysis of 61 sediment cores. The impact of climate change in these ecosystems was further explored in the first documented record of a fire in a Pacific coast salt marsh at Mugu Lagoon. California salt marsh sediment accretion averages at 2.93 1.9 mm yr-1, which is lower than average rates from regions such as the US Gulf and East coasts. Rates of accretion and relative SLR (RSLR) show a non-linear relationship with highest accretion occurring at rates of RSLR from 2 - 6 mm yr-1. Linear relationships between SLR and accretion are comparatively weak, but are stronger in the low elevations of salt marsh habitat. Salt marshes in the state annually sequester about 0.08% of state-wide annual greenhouse gas emissions and store about 23% of one year's emissions in their soils (as compared to 2016 emissions). Because of limited area, these habitats will not serve as an effective mitigation strategy at the state level, but loss of this habitat may release up to 27 0.3 Tg stored carbon, potentially valued at about $1.4 billion (using an estimate of $15/tonne CO2 equivalent). Preservation of current habitat through facilitation of sediment accretion will have the largest positive impact on carbon storage and sequestration, as well as protect salt marsh habitat from being lost to SLR. Analysis of the persistent effects of a recent marsh fire at Mugu Lagoon demonstrates that drought-stress may slow California salt marsh response to disturbance by one or more growing seasons and highlights the uncertain impacts of climate change on system function. This dissertation provides important baseline data for salt marsh sediment accretion, salt marsh carbon stocks and sequestrations rates, recommends best practices for use of LOI as a measure of soil organic carbon, and examines ecosystem recovery under multiple stressors. This work can be used in vulnerability assessments, ecosystem models, and valuation of ecosystem services for California salt marshes.
Download or read book Global Change and the Function and Distribution of Wetlands written by Beth A. Middleton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-04 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Change Ecology and Wetlands book series will highlight the latest research from the world leaders in the field of climate change in wetlands. Global Change and the Function and Distribution of Wetlands highlights information of importance to wetland ecologists. The chapters include syntheses of international studies on the effects of drought on function and regeneration in wetlands, sea level rise and the distribution of mangrove swamps, former distributions of swamp species and future lessons from paleoecology, and shifts in atmospheric emissions across geographical regions in wetlands. Overall, the book will contribute to a better understanding of the potential effects of climate change on world wetland distribution and function.
