Download or read book Classification and Evolution of the Eumenine Wasp Genus Symmorphus Wesmael Hymenoptera Vespidae written by Jeffrey Malcolm Cumming and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synopsis of the Families and Genera of the Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico written by and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada written by Entomological Society of Canada (1950- ) and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synopsis of American Wasps written by Henri de Saussure and published by . This book was released on 1875 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hills and Streams written by David Dudgeon and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 1994-07-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite centuries of human impact and one the highest population densities on Earth, most of Hong Kong is still rural in character and diverse in terms of flora and fauna. This diversity is threatened, though, by uncontrolled development of previously rural areas. This book aims to contribute to the conservation of the countryside by raising awareness of its value and by providing the scientific basis for its management.
Download or read book Catalogue of the Mutillidae Hymenoptera of the Palaearctic Region written by Arkadiĭ Stepanovich Leleĭ and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Monograph of the Baltic Amber Bees and Evolution of the Apoidea Hymenoptera written by Michael S. Engel and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [English abstract]. The bees found as Baltic amber inclusions are revised and the history of studies on these fossils is briefly reviewed. In total this subtropical Eocene fauna contains 36 species and 18 genera, all extinct. These are classified here into nine tribes, six subfamilies, and five families of which six tribes and one family are unknown in the modern fauna. The following taxa are described as new to science: Paleomelittidae, new family; Boreallodapini, Electrobombini, Eomacropidini, Melikertini, Protolithurgini, new tribes; Ctenoplectrellina, new subtribe; Boreallodape, Electrobombus, Electrolictus, Eomacropis, Glaesosmia, Liotrigonopsis, Melissites, Paleomelitta, Protolithurgus, Succinapis, Thaumastobombus, new genera; Boreallodape baltica, B. mollyae, B. striebichi, Ctenoplectrella cockerelli, C. grimaldii, Electrapis krishnorum, Electrobombus samlandensis, Electrolictus antiquus, Eomacropis glaesaria, Glaesosmia genalis, Glyptapis densopunctata, G. disareolata, Liotrigonopsis rozeni, Melikertes clypeatus, Melissites trigona, Paleomelitta nigripennis, Protobombus basilaris, Protolithurgus ditomeus, Succinapis goeleti, S. micheneri, S. proboscidea, Thaumastobombus andreniformis, new species (seven new family-, 11 new genus-, and 22 new species-group taxa). The genus Electrapis is found to be paraphyletic and the subgenera Melikertes, Roussyana, and Protobombus are given generic status outside of Electrapis. The subtribe Electrapina is elevated to tribal rank among the corbiculate Apinae and the subfamily Glyptapinae of Cockerell is reduced to subtribal rank within Osmiini. The genera Chalcobombus and Sophrobombus are newly synonymized with Protobombus. Glyptapis reducta Cockerell is synonymized with G. fuscula Cockerell, Electrapis minuta Kelner-Pillault with Apis palmnickenensis Roussy, Ctenoplectrella splendens Kelner-Pillault and C. dentata Salt both with C. viridiceps Cockerell, Electrapis apoides Manning and Chalcobombus humilis Cockerell both with Protobombus indecisus Cockerell, and Electrapis bombusoides Kelner-Pillault with E. tornquisti Cockerell (new synonymies). The following new combinations are proposed: Electrapis martialis (Cockerell), Melikertes proavus (Menge), M. stilbonotus (Engel), Kelneriapis eocenica (Kelner-Pillault), Protobombus fatalis (Cockerell), P. hirsutus (Cockerell), and Electrapis martialis (Cockerell) (new combinations). A lectotype is designated for Electrapis minuta Kelner-Pillault and neotypes designated for Apis meliponoides Buttel-Reepen, A. palmnickenensis Roussy, Chalcobombus humilis Cockerell, C. hirsutus Cockerell, C. martialis Cockerell, Ctenoplectrella dentata Salt, C. viridiceps Cockerell, Electrapis tornquisti Cockerell, Glyptapis reticulata Cockerell, G. neglecta Salt, Protobombus indecisus Cockerell, P. tristellus Cockerell, and Sophrobombus fatalis Cockerell. The subfamily Xylocopinae is recorded for the first time from amber, and the families Halictidae and Melittidae are confirmed as occurring in Baltic amber. The oldest fossils of the Halictidae, Megachilidae (Lithurginae and Megachilinae), Melittidae, and Xylocopinae are reported and described herein. Keys are presented for the identification of the Baltic amber bees. Three new recent taxa are also proposed: Penapini, Redivivini, and Meliturgulini (new tribes). Cladistic analyses of the Lithurginae, Xylocopinae, and corbiculate Apinae are presented. Preliminary investigation of lithurgine relationships demonstrates that the fossil, Protolithurgus, is sister to extant genera of the subfamily and that Lithurgus s.s. is likely paraphyletic with respect to Lithurgopsis and Microthurge. Xylocopine relationships are generally in accord with those previously proposed: Xylocopini sister to all other tribes and Manueliini sister to the abruptly narrowed mandible tribes (i.e., Ceratinini, Allodapini, and Boreallodapini). Boreallodapini, despite some apparently apomorphic similarities with Ceratinini, is supported as sister to Allodapini. The paleontological evidence for corbiculate bee phylogeny reinforces traditional concepts over relationships of these tribes and contradicts recent molecular studies. Two extinct corbiculate tribes are based on specimens that exhibit worker morphologies indicative of advanced eusocial behavior and are related to the living, advanced eusocial tribes Apini and Meliponini, supporting a hypothesis of a single origin for this behavioral characteristic. The composition of the Eocene bee fauna of Europe is discussed. The fauna is predominantly composed of long-tongued bees, but some short-tongued bees are represented in the families Halictidae, Paleomelittidae, and Melittidae. Bees in Baltic amber are generally allied with groups currently inhabiting sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, a biogeographic pattern common to many Baltic amber groups. The phylogeny and origin of bees are discussed. The bees are a derived, monophyletic group of the spheciform wasps and presumably arose sometime in the earliest mid-Cretaceous after the origin of angiosperms. Reports of bees from Jurassic strata or earlier are all refuted. All available evidence supports the idea that bees originated shortly after flowering plants and diversified into higher lineages contemporaneously with the radiations of angiosperms. Major bee lineages (i.e., families) were thus presumably established by the late Cretaceous. A catalog of bees presently known in amber and copal is appended as is a catalog of family- and genus-group names for fossil bees (both amber inclusions and compression fossils). A preliminary outline of the tribal classification of Recent and fossil bees with their geological distribution is presented (with three new family-group taxa for living bees).
Download or read book Solitary Wasps written by Kevin M. O'Neill and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Solitary Wasps: Behavior and Natural History is the first general survey of the subject in more than 25 years and is the best place to turn for information about the biology and compelling behavior of these common insects. Topics covered in Solitary Wasps: Behavior and Natural History include: classification of the solitary wasps and their relation to other Hymenoptera; foraging and nesting behaviors; mating and parental strategies; thermoregulation; natural enemies; defensive strategies; and directions for future research."--Jacket.
Download or read book Entomological Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pollen Wasps written by Sarah K. Gess and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 25 color plates and 60 black-and-white illustrations offer readers a rare close look at this little-known and endangered group of insects. Three appendixes list all known flower-visiting records, all hymenopteran visitors to the flowers included in the pollination chapter, and all published species names for Masarinae. Pollen wasps are of interest to a wide range of scholars (including entomologists, ethologists, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists) because of their close associations with flowering plants and because of the ability of certain species to produce silk for nest building--an intriguing case of convergent evolution. For these readers, and for students of natural history and proponents of species preservation, The Pollen Wasps will prove an invaluable resource.
Download or read book Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change written by Zoltán Tuba and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-06 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bryophytes, especially mosses, represent a largely untapped resource for monitoring and indicating effects of climate change on the living environment. They are tied very closely to the external environment and have been likened to 'canaries in the coal mine'. Bryophyte Ecology and Climate Change is the first book to bring together a diverse array of research in bryophyte ecology, including physiology, desiccation tolerance, photosynthesis, temperature and UV responses, under the umbrella of climate change. It covers a great variety of ecosystems in which bryophytes are important, including aquatic, desert, tropical, boreal, alpine, Antarctic, and Sphagnum-dominated wetlands, and considers the effects of climate change on the distribution of common and rare species as well as the computer modeling of future changes. This book should be of particular value to individuals, libraries, and research institutions interested in global climate change.
Download or read book Wasps of the Genus Trypoxylon Subgenus Trypargilum in North America written by Rollin E. Coville and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Black Flies Simuliidae of North America written by Peter Holdridge Adler and published by Comstock Publishing Associates. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Black Files (Simuliidae) of North America" is an authoritative illustrated reference--with importance for ecology, genetics, and conservation--of the black flies in North America including 43 species identified here for the first time.
Download or read book World Catalog of Symphyta Hymenoptera written by Andreas Taegar and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolution of Instinct written by Kunio Iwata and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chalcidoidea of Iran written by Hassan Ghahari and published by CABI. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The superfamily Chalcidoidea (Insecta, Hymenoptera) contains in excess of 26,000 described species worldwide, but with an estimated total diversity of more than 500,000 species the vast majority of species have yet to be discovered and described. Most chalcidoid species are parasitoids of hosts in at least 12 different insect orders, attacking the egg, larval or pupal stages, though phytophagy and other life cycles and hosts are known. Iran is the 18th largest country in the world and has a rich and diverse insect fauna, including Chalcidoidea. It is extremely interesting from a biogeographic point of view, and a paradise for an entomologist. This book summarizes the results of all prior research concerning species diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea, including host records and distribution records by province in Iran as well as world distribution by country for 1,351 species of Chalcidoidea recorded from Iran through the end of 2019.
Download or read book Hymenoptera of America North of Mexico written by Karl V. Krombein and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
