Download or read book City Size Distributions and Spatial Economic Change written by Eric Sheppard and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book City size Distribution Spatial Integration and Economic Development in Developing Countries written by Eric Chetwynd and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Informatics written by Wenzhong Shi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 941 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity.
Download or read book City size Distribution Spatial Integration and Economic Development in Developing Countries written by Eric Chetwynd Jr and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Isolated City State written by Yorgos Papageorgiou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-20 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1990, The Isolated City State asks the questions, why have the world’s major cities experienced explosive growth? Why does the socio-economic status in North America roughly increase with distance from the city centre, while the socio-economic status in South America roughly decreases? What are the reasons behind the sudden decline of some large, central cities? Will recovery if it happens be equally rapid? Generally, to understand the phenomenon, simplifications are made which make it impossible to understand other phenomena. This major study synthesises a vast amount of theorising and research to provide answers to the major questions of urban geography.
Download or read book Essays on the Size Distribution of Cities written by Hiroki Watanabe and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation is comprised of three essays that analyze the spatial distribution of people and economic activities from three distinct perspectives. Chapter 1: Explaining the Size Distribution of Cities: X-treme Economies. The empirical regularity known as Zipf's law or the rank-size rule has motivated development of a theoretical literature to explain it. We examine the assumptions on consumer behavior, particularly about their inability to insure against the city-level productivity shocks, implicitly used in this literature. With either self insurance or insurance markets, and either an arbitrarily small cost of moving or the assumption that consumers do not perfectly observe the shocks to firms' technologies, the agents will never move. Even without these frictions, our analysis yields another equilibrium with insurance where consumers never move. Thus, insurance is a substitute for movement. We propose an alternative class of models, involving extreme risk against which consumers will not insure. Instead, they will move, generating a Fréchet distribution of city sizes that is empirically competitive with other models. (Forthcoming at Quantitative Economics. Based on joint work with Professor Marcus Berliant) Chapter 2: A Scale-Free Network Structure Explains the City-Size Distribution. Zipf's law is one of the best-known empirical regularities in urban economics. There is extensive research on the subject, where each city is treated symmetrically in terms of the cost of transactions with other cities. Recent developments in network theory facilitate the examination of an asymmetric transport network. In a scale-free network, the chance of observing extremes in network connections becomes higher than the Gaussian distribution predicts and therefore it explains the emergence of large clusters. The city-size distribution shares the same pattern. This paper decodes how accessibility of a city to other cities on the transportation network can boost its local economy and explains the city-size distribution as a result of its underlying transportation network structure. (Based on joint work with Professor Marcus Berliant) Chapter 3: A Spatial Production Economy Explains Gross Metropolitan Product. It has long been known that the city-size distribution is fat tailed, drawing the interest of urban economists. In contrast, not much is known about the distribution of GDP at city level (henceforth referred to as gross metropolitan product, GMP). We build a model of the spatial economy that includes production and confirm the following empirical facts about the GMP counterpart of the city-size distribution. First, both Zipf's and Gibrat's law hold for the distribution of GMP as well. In particular the GMP distribution is well-traced by a lognormal distribution. Second, citywide aggregate production exhibits increasing returns to scale with respect to employment. In particular a 1% increase in employment leads to a 1.117% (or 1.180% in theory) increase in GMP. Agglomeration economies are explained as a result of an endogenous trade-off between externalities and land consumption of consumers.
Download or read book The Spatial Economy written by Masahisa Fujita and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors show how a common approach that emphasizes the three-way interaction among increasing returns, transportation costs, and the movement of productive factors can be applied to a wide range of issues in urban, regional, and international economics. Since 1990 there has been a renaissance of theoretical and empirical work on the spatial aspects of the economy—that is, where economic activity occurs and why. Using new tools—in particular, modeling techniques developed to analyze industrial organization, international trade, and economic growth—this "new economic geography" has emerged as one of the most exciting areas of contemporary economics. The authors show how seemingly disparate models reflect a few basic themes, and in so doing they develop a common "grammar" for discussing a variety of issues. They show how a common approach that emphasizes the three-way interaction among increasing returns, transportation costs, and the movement of productive factors can be applied to a wide range of issues in urban, regional, and international economics. This book is the first to provide a sound and unified explanation of the existence of large economic agglomerations at various spatial scales.
Download or read book Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics written by V. Henderson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-21 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics: Cities and Geography reviews, synthesizes and extends the key developments in urban and regional economics and their strong connection to other recent developments in modern economics. Of particular interest is the development of the new economic geography and its incorporation along with innovations in industrial organization, endogenous growth, network theory and applied econometrics into urban and regional economics. The chapters cover theoretical developments concerning the forces of agglomeration, the nature of neighborhoods and human capital externalities, the foundations of systems of cities, the development of local political institutions, regional agglomerations and regional growth. Such massive progress in understanding the theory behind urban and regional phenomenon is consistent with on-going progress in the field since the late 1960’s. What is unprecedented are the developments on the empirical side: the development of a wide body of knowledge concerning the nature of urban externalities, city size distributions, urban sprawl, urban and regional trade, and regional convergence, as well as a body of knowledge on specific regions of the world—Europe, Asia and North America, both current and historical. The Handbook is a key reference piece for anyone wishing to understand the developments in the field.
Download or read book An Economic Theory of Cities written by Wei-Bin Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with dynamic relations between urban division of labor, division of consumption and determination of prices structure within a perfectly competitive framework in spatial economy. Our analytical framework examines the issues related to urban dynamics raised in the traditional urban economic theories and provides insights into the issues related to interdependence between knowledge creation and utilization and spatial economies examined by the new urban/regional economic theory. The comparative advantage of our theory is that in providing rich insights into the complex of urban evolution it uses only a few concepts and simplified functional forms and accepts a few assumptions about the behavior of consumers, producers and institutional structures over space.
Download or read book The Spatial Economy written by Masahisa Fujita and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1990 there has been a renaissance of theoretical and empirical work on the spatial aspects of the economy - that is, where economic activity occurs and why. Using new tools - in particular, modeling techniques developed to analyze industrial organization, international trade, and economic growth - this "new economic geography" has emerged as one of the most exciting areas of contemporary economics.
Download or read book The City The city in global context written by Michael Pacione and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book City Size Distributions and Economic Development written by Brian Joe Lobley Berry and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book City Size Distributions and Economic Development written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Growth and Urban Systems Development written by G.A. van der Knapp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the evolution of an urban system raises a number of practical questions, as to the operational definition of the components of the system as well as to the incorporation of the factor time in the analysis. In this chapter the fo cuss is on the urban centres, the nodes of the urban system. One of the first pro blems to be solved now is the definition of such a node. It has been argued above that population size can be used as an approximation of the complexity of the spatial economic structure of a region. The acceptation of this notion makes it possible to study the urban system as a population system. The analysis of the population system over the study period will be pursued from this perspective. The study period, 1840-1970, covers completely the industrialization and urbanization phase which occurred during the industrial revolution. Over this period the spatial organizational structure of society evolved from a rural-commercial to wards a modern urban-industrial state. One of the major events in this period of change is the spatial redistribution of the population and the population growth. This process will be examined below at three levels of aggregation: (I) the popu lation distribution as one frequency distribution, (2) the population distribution dis aggregated into a n~ber of size classes, and (3) the individual cities which make up the population distribution.
Download or read book Spatial Diversity and Dynamics in Resources and Urban Development written by Ashok K. Dutt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-24 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This double-volume work focuses on socio-demographics and the use of such data to support strategic resource management and planning initiatives. Papers go beyond explanations of methods, technique and traditional applications to explore new intersections in the dynamic relationship between the utilization and management of resources, and urban development. International authors explore numerous experiences, characteristics of development and decision-making influences from across Asia and Southeast Asia, as well as recounting examples from America and Africa. Papers propound techniques and methods used in geographical research such as support vector machines, socio-economic correlates and travel behaviour analysis. In this volume the contributors examine cutting-edge theories explaining diversity and dynamics in urban development. Topics covered include human vulnerability to hazards, space and urban problematic, assessment and evaluation of regional urban systems and structures and urban transformations as a result of structural change, economic development and underdevelopment. The significance of these topics lie in the pace and volume of change as is happening in geography reflecting continued development within established fields of inquiry and the introduction of significantly new approaches during the last decade. Readers are invited to consider the dynamics of spatial expansion of urban areas and economic development, and to explore conceptual discussion of the innovations in and challenges on urbanization processes, urban spaces themselves and both resource management and environmental management. Together, the two volumes contribute to the interdisciplinary literature on regional resources and urban development by collating recent research with geography at its core. Scholars of urban geography, human geography, urbanism and sustainable development will be particularly interested in this book.
Download or read book City Size Distributions as a Consequence of the Growth Process written by Gilles Duranton and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial Economic Science written by Aura Reggiani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the dawn of the twenty-first century comes the awareness that current rapid political-economic-social and technological transformations will affect our of living, by producing new forms of information, communications, common way market, work-style and leisure. In this context, human behaviour will certainly change its 'fixed' parameters. It is likely that the relationships between internal structures and external influences, between individual components and collective behaviour, as well as between multi-scale networks and interrelated dynamics, will show spatio-temporal patterns which will be difficult to predict by means of our usual tools. As a consequence, academic research is increasingly being required to play an active role in addressing new ways of understanding and forecasting the sets of interacting structures, ranging from the technical to the organizational, and from the social to the economic and political levels, while at the same time incorporating concerns about the 'new' economy, environment, society, information and technology. It is now evident that social science - especially spatial and economic scienc- needs innovative 'paths', together with continuous cross-fertilization among the many disciplines involved. In order to investigate these intriguing perspectives, we seem to have embarked on an era of methodological reflections - rather than developing strong theoretical foundations. This volume aims to provide an overview of these new insights and frontiers for theoretical/methodological studies and research applications in the space-economy.
