Download or read book The Interaction of Chromium Ions in Ruby Crystals written by Richard C. Powell and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorption, excitation, continuous fluorescence, and pulse fluorescence measurements were made on ruby samples with 0.94% and 2.1% Cr+3 in the temperature range from 4.2K up to 700K. The widths, positions, intensities, and lifetimes of the R and N fluorescence lines were determined at numerous temperatures. The results for the temperature dependence of the linewidths are explained in terms of microscopic strains, Raman scattering of phonons by the impurity ions, and direct phonon processes. The results for the lineshifts with temperature are due to the absorption and emission of virtual phonons. The observed lifetimes of the R and N lines coincide in the temperature range where the systems are thermalized and the observed decays are pure exponentials. At temperatures where the systems are decoupled, an initial rise in fluorescence is observed at the N lines. The subsequent decay has the lifetime of the R lines for a 0.94% sample and the lifetime of the N lines for a 2.1% sample. These results are also explained in terms of energy transfer from single ions to pairs. The effects of reabsorption on the fluorescence spectrum are also discussed. (Author).

Download or read book Chromium Its Physicochemical Behavior and Petrologic Significance written by T. N. Irvine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-12-04 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromium: Its Physicochemical Behavior and Petrologic Significance is a collection of papers presented at an interdisciplinary conference on the physicochemical behavior and petrologic significance of chromium, held at the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington on January 7-8, 1974. Contributors explore the physicochemical behavior and petrologic significance of chromium and cover a wide range of topics, including the mineralogy of chromium and thermochemistry of chromium compounds. Comprised of 23 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on phase relations in chromium oxide-containing systems at elevated temperatures, followed by an analysis of the chromium-oxygen system at high oxygen pressures. Subsequent chapters focus on crystal field effects in chromium and its partitioning in the mantle; trivalent and divalent chromium ions in spinels; distribution and significance of chromium in meteorites; and chrome-spinel in progressive metamorphism. The paragenesis of zoned chromite from central Manitoba is also considered, along with postcumulus and subsolidus equilibration of chromite and coexisting silicates in the Eastern Bush veld Complex. The final chapter presents a hypothesis of origin for podiform chromite deposits. This monograph will be of interest to physicists, chemists, and geologists.

Download or read book Essential Metals in Medicine Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic written by Peggy L. Carver and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 19, entitled Essential Metals in Medicine: Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic of the series Metal Ions in Life Sciences centers on the role of metal ions in clinical medicine. Metal ions are tightly regulated in human health: while essential to life, they can be toxic as well. Following an introductory chapter briefly discussing several important metal-related drugs and diseases and a chapter about drug development, the focus is fi rst on iron: its essentiality for pathogens and humans as well as its toxicity. Chelation therapy is addressed in the context of thalassemia, its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases and also the risks connected with iron administration are pointed out. A subject of intense debate is the essentiality of chromium and vanadium. For example, chromium(III) compounds are taken as a nutritional supplement by athletes and bodybuilders; in contrast, chromate, Cr(VI), is toxic and a carcinogen for humans. The benefi cial and toxic effects of manganese, cobalt, and copper on humans are discussed. The need for antiparasitic agents is emphasized as well as the clinical aspects of metal-containing antidotes for cyanide poisoning. In addition to the essential and possibly essential ones, also other metal ions play important roles in human health, causing harm (like the metalloid arsenic, lead or cadmium) or being used in diagnosis or treatment of human diseases, like gadolinium, gallium, lithium, gold, silver or platinum. The impact of this vibrant research area on metals in the clinic is provided in 14 stimulating chapters, written by internationally recognized experts from the Americas, Europe and China, and is manifested by approximately 2000 references, and about 90 illustrations and tables. Essential Metals in Medicine: Therapeutic Use and Toxicity of Metal Ions in the Clinic is an essential resource for scientists working in the wide range from pharmacology, enzymology, material sciences, analytical, organic, and inorganic biochemistry all the way through to medicine ... not forgetting that it also provides excellent information for teaching.

Download or read book The Role of Metal Ions in Biology Biochemistry and Medicine written by Michael Moustakas and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the lifespan of plants, animals and humans. Their substantial role in biological systems was recognized a long time ago. They are essential for the maintenance of life and their absence can cause growth disorders, severe malfunction, carcinogenesis or death. They are protagonists as macro- or microelements in several structural and functional roles, participating in many bio-chemical reactions, and arise in several forms. They participate in intra- and intercellular communications, in maintaining electrical charges and osmotic pressure, in photosynthesis and electron transfer processes, in the maintenance of pairing, stacking and the stability of nucleotide bases and also in the regulation of DNA transcription. They contribute to the proper functioning of nerve cells, muscle cells, the brain and the heart, the transport of oxygen and to many other biological processes up to the point that we cannot even imagine a life without metals. In this book, the papers published in the Special Issue “The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine” are summarized, providing a picture of metal ion uses in biology, biochemistry and medicine, but also pointing out the toxicity impacts on plants, animals, humans and the environment.

Download or read book Milestones in Powerful Adsorbents of Heavy Metal Ions written by Xin-Gui Li and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2024-04-02 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serious challenges instigated by pollution are driving research seeking feasible strategies for social, economic, and environmental sustainability. The fascinating science of selective adsorbents of heavy- or precious-metal pollutants such as lead, mercury, gold, and silver ions has attracted investigation by many capable materials scientists, chemists, and environmental engineers, resulting in rapidly increasing progress with time. This book reveals theoretical and practical information that will assist in the study, research, and innovations of effective adsorbents towards toxic and noble metal ions. It allows the reader to pursue an answer to this mystery through interdisciplinary scientific knowledge of material design, synthesis, and environmental purification of strong adsorbents, as has never been presented systematically before, demonstrating the nature of the unique molecular and morphological structures of the adsorbent and how to design and optimize molecular and material structures.

Download or read book Quantitative Analysis written by Stephen Popoff and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interfaces Phenomena and Nanostructures in Lithium Batteries written by Albert R. Landgrebe and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2001 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essential Orthopedics Principles and Practice 2 Volumes written by Manish Kumar Varshney and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2016-01-31 with total page 981 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential Orthopedics: Principles & Practice is an extensive, illustrated guide to the field of orthopaedics. Principles and practice for shoulder, hip, spine, hand, foot and ankle are covered, including anatomy, physiology, pathology and diseases. Essential Orthopedics: Principles & Practice includes all modern research methodologies, such as biostatistics, advanced imaging and gene therapy. Enhanced by 2000 full colour illustrations this is a comprehensive resource for all interns, residents and orthopaedic surgeons.

Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by United States. Patent and Trademark Office and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Application of Chemical Engineering written by Zhong Cao and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 3200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to correlate the latest advances in, and applications of, biomass and resource utilization technology, energy chemical industry, biochemical industry, paper and fiber engineering, chemical process machinery, nano-biochemistry and nano-materials, medicine and biomedical engineering, etc. It will serve as a useful handbook guide to those fields. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1082 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Elements of Physical Chemistry written by Harry Clary Jones and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Treatment written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-29 with total page 1489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting effective, practicable strategies modeled from ultramodern technologies and framed by the critical insights of 78 field experts, this vastly expanded Second Edition offers 32 chapters of industry- and waste-specific analyses and treatment methods for industrial and hazardous waste materials-from explosive wastes to landfill leachate to wastes produced by the pharmaceutical and food industries. Key additional chapters cover means of monitoring waste on site, pollution prevention, and site remediation. Including a timely evaluation of the role of biotechnology in contemporary industrial waste management, the Handbook reveals sound approaches and sophisticated technologies for treating textile, rubber, and timber wastes dairy, meat, and seafood industry wastes bakery and soft drink wastes palm and olive oil wastes pesticide and livestock wastes pulp and paper wastes phosphate wastes detergent wastes photographic wastes refinery and metal plating wastes power industry wastes This state-of-the-art Second Edition is required reading for pollution control, environmental, chemical, civil, sanitary, and industrial engineers; environmental scientists; regulatory health officials; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

Download or read book British Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 1468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 40 written by Eric Lichtfouse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-12 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews recent research advances in sustainable agriculture, with focus on crop production, biodiversity and biofuels in Africa and Asia.

Download or read book Emerging Nanomaterials for Recovery of Toxic and Radioactive Metal Ions from Environmental Media written by Xiangke Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Nanomaterials for Recovery of Toxic and Radioactive Metal Ions from Environmental Media covers nanomaterials used in the environmental remediation of sites contaminated by toxic or radioactive heavy metals. The book comprehensively covers the use of MOF-based nanomaterials, COF-based nanomaterials, MXene-based nanomaterials, nZVI-based nanomaterials and carbon-based nanomaterials in remediation techniques and details the main interaction mechanisms between toxic/radioactive metal ions and the described novel nanomaterials through kinetic analysis, thermodynamic analysis, spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations. It provides a thorough reference on the use of the described novel nanomaterials for academics, researchers and advanced postgraduates in the environmental sciences and environmental chemistry. Provides a comprehensive and systematic reference on various novel nanomaterials that are available for use in the treatment of heavy metal ions and radioactive wastes Presents the latest knowledge on the interaction of toxic and radioactive metal ions with novel nanomaterials, including how to choose different materials for specific uses Covers the principles and functionalization of nanomaterials in environmental remediation, enabling an understanding of methodologies and best choice in nanomaterials