Download or read book Chromatin and Genomic Instability in Cancer written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-09-08 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromatin and DNA Repair in Cancer, Volume 364 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series reviews and details current advances in cell and molecular biology. Chapters in this new release cover Genomic Instability and metabolism in cancer, Histones variants and Histones modifications in cancer and Aging, DNA Double-stranded breaks Repair in Cancer, Reactive oxygen species and DNA damage response in cancer, Transcription-Associated DNA Breaks and Cancer: A Matter of DNA Topology, Mechanisms of Base Excision Repair: Its Significance to Human Health, and more. The IRCMB series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics that are authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. The articles published in IRCMB have a high impact and an average cited half-life of 9 years. This great resource ranks high amongst scientific journals dealing with cell biology. - Publishes only invited review articles on selected topics - Authored by established and active cell and molecular biologists, drawn from international sources - Offers a wide range of perspectives on specific subjects

Download or read book Genome Instability in Cancer Development written by Erich A. Nigg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-14 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research over the past decades has firmly established the genetic basis of cancer. In particular, studies on animal tumour viruses and chromosome rearrangements in human tumours have concurred to identify so-called ‘proto-oncogenes’ and ‘tumour suppressor genes’, whose deregulation promotes carcinogenesis. These important findings not only explain the occurrence of certain hereditary tumours, but they also set the stage for the development of anti-cancer drugs that specifically target activated oncogenes. However, in spite of tremendous progress towards the elucidation of key signalling pathways involved in carcinogenesis, most cancers continue to elude currently available therapies. This stands as a reminder that “cancer” is an extraordinarily complex disease: although some cancers of the haematopoietic system show only a limited number of characteristic chromosomal aberrations, most solid tumours display a myriad of genetic changes and considerable genetic heterogeneity. This is thought to reflect a trait commonly referred to as ‘genome instability’, so that no two cancers are ever likely to display the exact same genetic alterations. Numerical and structural chromosome aberrations were recognised as a hallmark of human tumours for more than a century. Yet, the causes and consequences of these aberrations still remain to be fully understood. In particular, the question of how genome instability impacts on the development of human cancers continues to evoke intense debate.

Download or read book Genome Stability written by Igor Kovalchuk and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome Stability: From Virus to Human Application, Second Edition, a volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, explores how various species maintain genome stability and genome diversification in response to environmental factors. Here, across thirty-eight chapters, leading researchers provide a deep analysis of genome stability in DNA/RNA viruses, prokaryotes, single cell eukaryotes, lower multicellular eukaryotes, and mammals, examining how epigenetic factors contribute to genome stability and how these species pass memories of encounters to progeny. Topics also include major DNA repair mechanisms, the role of chromatin in genome stability, human diseases associated with genome instability, and genome stability in response to aging. This second edition has been fully revised to address evolving research trends, including CRISPRs/Cas9 genome editing; conventional versus transgenic genome instability; breeding and genetic diseases associated with abnormal DNA repair; RNA and extrachromosomal DNA; cloning, stem cells, and embryo development; programmed genome instability; and conserved and divergent features of repair. This volume is an essential resource for geneticists, epigeneticists, and molecular biologists who are looking to gain a deeper understanding of this rapidly expanding field, and can also be of great use to advanced students who are looking to gain additional expertise in genome stability. - A deep analysis of genome stability research from various kingdoms, including epigenetics and transgenerational effects - Provides comprehensive coverage of mechanisms utilized by different organisms to maintain genomic stability - Contains applications of genome instability research and outcomes for human disease - Features all-new chapters on evolving areas of genome stability research, including CRISPRs/Cas9 genome editing, RNA and extrachromosomal DNA, programmed genome instability, and conserved and divergent features of repair

Download or read book Genome Stability and Human Diseases written by Heinz-Peter Nasheuer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-11 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the establishment of the DNA structure researchers have been highly interested in the molecular basis of the inheritance of genes and of genetic disorders. Scientific investigations of the last two decades have shown that, in addition to oncogenic viruses and signalling pathways alterations, genomic instability is important in the development of cancer. This view is supported by the findings that aneuploidy, which results from chromosome instability, is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Chromosomal instability also underpins our fundamental principles of understanding tumourigenesis: It thought that cancer arises from the sequential acquisition of genetic alterations in specific genes. In this hypothesis, these rare genetic events represent rate-limiting ‘bottlenecks’ in the clonal evolution of a cancer, and pre-cancerous cells can evolve into neoplastic cells through the acquisition of somatic mutations. This book is written by international leading scientists in the field of genome stability. Chapters are devoted to genome stability and anti-cancer drug targets, histone modifications, chromatin factors, DNA repair, apoptosis and many other key areas of research. The chapters give insights into the newest development of the genome stability and human diseases and bring the current understanding of the mechanisms leading to chromosome instability and their potential for clinical impact to the reader.

Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.

Download or read book Cancer Cell Structures Carcinogens and Genomic Instability written by Leon P. Bignold and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumors can be induced by a variety of physical and chemical carcinogens. The resulting tumor cells are usually abnormal in their morphology and behavior and transmit their abnormalities to their daughter tumor cells. Most theories of the pathogenesis of tumors suggest that carcinogens in some way cause alterations either of the genomes or of inheritable patterns of gene expression in normal cells, which then cause morphological and behavioral changes. This volume presents a collection of articles aimed at the question by what genetic or epigenetic mechanisms carcinogens can cause morphological abnormalities of tumor cells. It includes reviews of cellular targets of known carcinogens, and presents varying viewpoints of how morphological abnormalities and the actions of carcinogens might be related. The volume will be of interest to all those who are involved in cancer research or in the prevention, diagnosis or management of tumors in humans or animals.

Download or read book New Research on Genomic Instability written by Eleanor J. Gloscow and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many cancer biologists now believe that genomic instability not only initiates carcinogenesis, but also allows the tumour cell to become metastatic and evade drug toxicity. The loss of stability of the genome is becoming accepted as one of the most important aspects of carcinogenesis. One of the hallmarks of the cancer cell is the inherent instability of its genome. This book presents important research in this exciting field.

Download or read book Chromosomal Instability in Cancer Cells written by B. Michael Ghadimi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Recent Results in Cancer Research presents a comprehensive review of current understanding of chromosomal instability in cancer and of strategies to use this information for better treatment of patients with cancer. Cancer is a disease of the chromosomes, and chromosomal instability in cancer disrupts gene function by either inactivating tumor suppressor genes or activating growth-promoting oncogenes. The chromosomal basis for these aberrations is either translocations, which change the integrity of genes, or abnormal numbers of chromosomes, a condition referred to as aneuploidy, which results in abnormal gene expression levels. Such structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations are specific for distinct tumor entities. The degree of chromosomal instability and the degree of intratumor heterogeneity have profound consequences for disease outcome and for therapeutic stratification.

Download or read book Genomic Instability and Cancer Metastasis written by Chris Maxwell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality associated with cancer, and tumor genomic heterogeneity is a likely source for the cells that support cancer progression, resistance to therapy, and disease relapse. This book connects cancer metastasis with genomic instability in a comprehensive manner. Section 1 outlines the fundamental mechanisms responsible for these cellular and tissue phenotypes. Section 2 discusses in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used for the experimental study of these processes. Section 3 reviews emerging themes (ex., microenvironment, mechanotransduction, and immunomodulation), and Section 4 highlights new therapeutic approaches to overcome the unique challenges presented by the heterogeneous and metastatic tumor. This book is intended for undergraduates and postgraduates with an interest in the areas of medicine, oncology, and cancer biology as well as for the content expert searching for thorough reviews of current knowledge in these areas.

Download or read book Genome Chaos written by Henry H. Heng and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-05-25 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genome Chaos: Rethinking Genetics, Evolution, and Molecular Medicine transports readers from Mendelian Genetics to 4D-genomics, building a case for genes and genomes as distinct biological entities, and positing that the genome, rather than individual genes, defines system inheritance and represents a clear unit of selection for macro-evolution. In authoring this thought-provoking text, Dr. Heng invigorates fresh discussions in genome theory and helps readers reevaluate their current understanding of human genetics, evolution, and new pathways for advancing molecular and precision medicine. - Bridges basic research and clinical application and provides a foundation for re-examining the results of large-scale omics studies and advancing molecular medicine - Gathers the most pressing questions in genomic and cytogenomic research - Offers alternative explanations to timely puzzles in the field - Contains eight evidence-based chapters that discuss 4d-genomics, genes and genomes as distinct biological entities, genome chaos and macro-cellular evolution, evolutionary cytogenetics and cancer, chromosomal coding and fuzzy inheritance, and more

Download or read book DNA Repair Genetic Instability and Cancer written by Qingyi Wei and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the elaborate surveillance systems and various DNA repair mechanisms that ensure accurate passage of genetic information onto daughter cells. In particular, it narrates how the cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair machineries detect and restore DNA damages that are embedded in millions to billions of normal base pairs. The scope of the book ranges from biochemical analyses and structural details of DNA repair proteins, to integrative genomics and population-based studies. It provides a snapshot of current understanding about some of the major DNA repair pathways, including base-excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, homologous recombination, and non-homologous end-joining as well as cell cycle checkpoints and translesion DNA synthesis. One of the particular emphases of the book is the link between inherited DNA repair deficiencies and susceptibility to cancer in the general population. For the first time, the book brings together a collection of review articles written by a group of active and laboratory-based investigators who have a clear understanding of the recent advances in the fields of DNA damage repair and genomic stability and their implications in carcinogenesis, new approaches in cancer therapy, and cancer prevention.

Download or read book Molecular and Cell Biology of Cancer written by Rita Fior and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook takes you on a journey to the basic concepts of cancer biology. It combines developmental, evolutionary and cell biology perspectives, to then wrap-up with an integrated clinical approach. The book starts with an introductory chapter, looking at cancer in a nut shell. The subsequent chapters are detailed and the idea of cancer as a mass of somatic cells undergoing a micro-evolutionary Darwinian process is explored. Further, the main Hanahan and Weinberg “Hallmarks of Cancer” are revisited. In most chapters, the fundamental experiments that led to key concepts, connecting basic biology and biomedicine are highlighted. In the book’s closing section all of these concepts are integrated in clinical studies, where molecular diagnosis as well as the various classical and modern therapeutic strategies are addressed. The book is written in an easy-to-read language, like a one-on-one conversation between the writer and the reader, without compromising the scientific accuracy. Therefore, this book is suited not only for advanced undergraduates and master students but also for patients or curious lay people looking for a further understanding of this shattering disease

Download or read book Genomic Instability and Immortality in Cancer written by Enrico Mihich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains 17 papers from the June 1996 symposium. Paper topics include: a molecular cytogenetic view of chromosomal heterogeneity in solid tumors, cell cycle control of genetic stability, regulation of telomere length in mammalian cells, antitumor drugs and yeast cell cycle checkpoints, and cell cycl

Download or read book Genetic Instability and Tumorigenesis written by Michael B. Kastan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: M. B. KASTAN Cancer is a disease resulting from alterations of cellular genes which cause phe notypic changes in somatic cells. Usually, when we think about genetic diseases, we think about inheriting one or two abnormal genes from our parents and these gene abnormalities confer the disease phenotype. In contrast, in the majority of cancers, no such inherited gene abnormalities can be identified (which does not mean that they do not exist) and there is no obvious family history suggesting an inherited disease. The vast majority of genes which are altered in the cancer cells are not transmitted through the germ line, but rather become abnormal in somatic cells sometime during the lifetime of the individual. Thus, the critical question which arises is "how do these genetic changes occur in somatic cells?". Epidemiologic data suggest that exposure to environmental carcinogens con tributes to the genesis of at least 80% of all human cancers (DOLL and PETO 1981). Thus, it is natural to suspect that the genetic changes in somatic cells which con tribute to the transformed phenotype arise from DNA damage caused by such exposures. Therefore, understanding how cells respond to DNA-damaging agents is likely to be an important component of our understanding of the genesis of human tumors.

Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease

Download or read book Reprogramming the Genome CRISPR Cas based Human Disease Therapy written by Vijai Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprogramming the Genome: CRISPR-Cas-based Human Disease Therapy, presents the collation of chapters written by eminent scientists worldwide. CRISPR-Cas9 is a key technology for targeted genome editing and regulation in a number of organisms including mammalian cells. It is a rapid, simple, and cost-effective solution. CRISPR-Cas system has recently gained much scientific and public attention. This volume covers CRISPR-Cas9 based mammalian genome editing, creating disease models, cancer therapy, neurological, heredity, blood disorders, defective gene correction, stem cells therapy, epigenetic modifications, patents, ethics, biosafety and regulatory issues challenges and opportunities. This book is a key source of information on mammalian genome editing available in a single volume. This book will be useful for beginners in mammalian genome editing and also students, researchers, scientists, policymakers, clinicians and stakeholders interested in genome editing in several areas. Offers basic understanding and a clear picture of mammalian genome editing through CRISPR-Cas systems Discusses how to create mammalian disease models, stem cell modification, epigenetic modifications, correction of defective gene in blood disorders, heredity, neurological disorders and many more Discusses the application of CRISPR-Cas9 systems in basic sciences, biomedicine, molecular biology, translational sciences, neurobiology, neurology, cancer, stem cells, and many more

Download or read book Understanding Chromatin Mechanisms Involved in DNA Damage and Chemotherapeutic Responses written by Poonam Agarwal and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the hallmarks of cancer is genomic instability driven by DNA damage. Cells respond to these genetic insults through chromatin-based mechanisms that repair the damage. Chromatin plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from genome and epigenome instability that drive cancer progression. Chromatin, a highly dynamic complex of DNA and proteins, undergoes structural and functional changes in response to cellular factors that are essential for replication, transcription, DNA damage responses (DDR) and repair. Chromatin structure and function are highly dependent on histone modifications. Histones are modified on distinct amino acids by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Delineating chromatin-regulated processes are fundamental for understanding the nuclear pathways that regulate access to, and protection of, our genetic and epigenetic information. The first part of my project focused on analyzing the contribution of a chromatin domain, the nucleosome acidic patch in regulating histone H2A/X ubiquitination and the DDR using in vitro and in vivo approaches. I established techniques to biochemically purify human recombinant histones and reconstituted nucleosome core particles (NCPs) containing WT or acidic patch mutant H2A/X for in vitro Ub assays with purified E3 ligases, RNF168 and RING1B/BMI1. Both E3s ubiquitinated H2A/X within WT NCPs but not mutant NCPs. Thus, this assay confirmed our hypothesis that the effect of the acidic patch mutation on H2AX/ H2Aub is direct and that it mediates site-specific ubiquitinations. I showed that the acidic patch interacting peptide LANA could compete with RNF168 and RING1B/BMI1 dependent H2AX/H2A Ub. In the second project, I tested how chromatin alters targeting of an anticancer drug using a cisplatin derivative that acts on the genome. I identified that cotreatment of cisplatin and the clinically approved drug Vorinostat/SAHA generated clusters of lesions that co-localized with translesion synthesis factors. However, I found that activated translesion synthesis no longer acted as a bypass mechanism but instead promoted apoptosis. These results demonstrated that pharmacological alterations of chromatin reprograms genome targeting with platinum drugs and, concomitantly, drug response. The third project for my thesis work involves functional analysis of the bromodomain containing TRIM proteins in DDR. These proteins belong to the bromodomain (BRD) family, which are the readers of PTM acetylation. I identified specific domains in TRIM24 required for its recruitment to damaged DNA and its dependency on other chromatin associated factors, namely, SUV39H1, KAT6B, TRIM28, TRIM33 that regulate TRIM24 dynamics in the context of DNA damage. I validated some interactors of TRIM24, TRIM28 and TRIM33 including the FACT and MCM complex. In summary, knowledge gained from these studies will help to understand how these BRD reader proteins promote the DDR within acetylated chromatin to preserve genome stability.