Download or read book China s Expansion Into and U S Withdrawal from Argentina s Telecommunications and Space Industries and the Implications for U S National Security written by Strategic Studies Institute and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2014-06-20 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Government is waking up to China's growing presence in Latin America. For the last several years as U.S. policymakers' attention and resources, largely diverted from Latin America, have been focused on the Middle East, China has pursued a policy of economic engagement with the region. Sino-Latin American trade has sky-rocketed, and Chinese investment in the region is picking up. In this monograph, Ms. Janie Hulse, a Latin American specialist based in Buenos Aires, Argentina, argues that increased Chinese investment in regional telecommunications and space industries has implications for U.S. national security. She believes that globalization, advances in information technology and China's growing capacity and interest in information warfare make the United States particularly vulnerable. Ms. Hulse details China's expansion into and U.S. withdrawal from these intelligence-related industries in Argentina and highlights associated risks for the United States.
Download or read book China s Expansion Into and U S Withdrawal from Argentina s Telecommunications and Space Industries and the Implications for U S National Security written by Janie Hulse and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinese involvement in the Latin American telecommunications and space industries has implications for U.S. national security. Unlike other commercial activities geared toward supplying raw materials to China's 1.3 billion inhabitants, Chinese investment in space and telecommunications implies broader commercial and strategic interests that potentially put the Chinese into Western Hemisphere air and space. At present, Chinese activity in these industries is growing as U.S. engagement is diminishing. Globalization, advances in information technology, and China's growing capacity and interest in Information Warfare make the United States particularly vulnerable should it abandon international telecommunications and space industries. In order to mitigate future threats, the United States should step up its commerce, aid, and diplomacy with Argentina and the region as a whole.
Download or read book China s Expansion Into and U S Withdrawal from Argentina written by Janie Hulse and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-31 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In April 2005 when the Western Hemisphere Subcommittee of the House International Relations Committee met to discuss Chinese involvement in Latin America, administration officials tended to downplay Chinese engagement in the region except in areas related to communications and intelligence. Indeed, globalization, new technologies, and growing Chinese information warfare capabilities make the United States particularly vulnerable to Chinese activity in these strategic areas. China's recent success in Argentina's telecommunications and space industries exemplifies China's increasing effectiveness in strategic developing markets and raises concerns regarding increasing U.S. reliance on international information networks. Chinese companies are aggressively positioning themselves for success in Argentina's telecommunications industry. Relative to other developing markets in Latin America, Argentina has a robust telecommunications sector. In the 1990s, the sector was privatized leading to a period of growth and modernization that was briefly offset by a deep economic crisis in the country in 2002. Despite industry setbacks associated with the crisis, Chinese companies fought for a place in the market as many other international companies were fleeing. U.S. companies like AT&T and Bell South, that quickly set up operations after the 2000 privatization, for example, quickly exited Argentina at the first signs of economic instability. Conversely, the government-backed Chinese companies-Huawei and ZTE-doubled their efforts to gain a foothold in the floundering industry, only to receive dividends as the economy picked up a few years later. These companies first offered technology apt for rural developing markets, then worked their way up the value chain to become suppliers to the country's two main monopolies that operate networks in urban centers. As these two Chinese telecommunications companies grow in Argentina and across the region, U.S. companies continue their retreat, preferring faster, safer returns in developed markets. At a time when the United States is distracted from the Latin America region and is focusing less attention on cooperation with regional governments, Argentina, which has traditionally relied on U.S. space cooperation, is reaching out to China to modernize its space program. In the last few years, China has pushed to become a player in Argentina's space and satellite industry. During President Hu Jintao's visit to Argentina in November 2004, the countries signed a Framework Agreement on "Technology Cooperation in the Peaceful Use of Outer Space," whereby China expressed willingness to provide Argentina with commercial launch services, satellite components, and communication satellite platforms. The Argentine government-through its newly created state satellite company, ARSAT-is taking advantage of China's offer to launch a satellite in the commercially valuable 81 degrees longitude slot, which allows observation of all the Americas. Payment for services and equipment provided by the Chinese will be made through ARSAT stock, which would give the Chinese ownership stake and corresponding voting rights in the Argentine state satellite company. Moreover, the Chinese are interested in assisting Argentina with the development and fielding of low-orbiting, fixed observance satellites and have already provided the South American country with a third generation precision satellite laser ranger (SLR).
Download or read book China on the Ground in Latin America written by E. Ellis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the new physical presence of Chinese companies operating in Latin America and the Caribbean, the associated challenges that they face, and how they are impacting the region and its relationship with the PRC.
Download or read book Latin American Democracy written by Richard L. Millett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than thirty years have passed since Latin America began the arduous task of transitioning from military-led rule to democracy. In this time, more countries have moved toward the institutional bases of democracy than at any time in the region’s history. Nearly all countries have held free, competitive elections and most have had peaceful alternations in power between opposing political forces. Despite these advances, however, Latin American countries continue to face serious domestic and international challenges to the consolidation of stable democratic governance. The challenges range from weak political institutions, corruption, legacies of militarism, transnational crime, and globalization among others. In the second edition of Latin American Democracy contributors – both academics and practitioners, North Americans, Latin Americans, and Spaniards—explore and assess the state of democratic consolidation in Latin America by focusing on the specific issues and challenges confronting democratic governance in the region. This thoroughly updated revision provides new chapters on: the environment, decentralization, the economy, indigenous groups, and the role of China in the region.
Download or read book Latin America and the Shifting Sands of Globalization written by Sean W. Burges and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America occupies an increasingly prominent position within the global political, economic and cultural consciousness, with intra-regional governance structures and multilateral processes now a key topic of interest to foreign policy and international business circles. It has become abundantly clear that outside of Latin America there is a poor understanding of how the shifting sands of regional power are impacting, not only on how regional countries fit into the global system, but also on how intra-regional relations are viewed and managed. The contributions to this collection investigate these issues, examining how changing global power dynamics are in turn impacting on national foreign policies and regional governance structures. The book focuses first and foremost on the Latin American view outwards, not the US or European view to the south. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Iberian and Latin American Research.
Download or read book Securing the Belt and Road Initiative written by Alessandro Arduino and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection explores the expansion of Chinese outbound investments, aimed to sustain the increased need for natural resources, and how they have amplified the magnitude of a possible international crisis that the People’s Republic of China may face in the near future by bringing together the views of a wide range of scholars. President Xi’s Belt and Road initiative (BRI), aimed to promote economic development and exchanges with China for over 60 countries, necessitates a wide range of security procedures. While the threats to Chinese enterprises and Chinese workers based on foreign soil are poised to increase, there is an urgent need to develop new guidelines for risk assessment, special insurance and crisis management. While the Chinese State Owned Enterprises are expanding their international reach capabilities, they still do not have the capacity to assure adequate security. In such a climate, this collection will be of profound value to policy makers, those working in the financial sector, and academics.
Download or read book U S National Security Implications of Chinese Involvement in Latin America written by R. Evan Ellis and published by . This book was released on 2005-06-30 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this monograph, the author argues that China's pursuit of longterm strategic objectives is leading the country to increase its presence in Latin America, with serious national security implications for the United States. Sustained Chinese economic growth requires ever greater quantities of basic commodities such as petroleum products, coal, iron and steel, and strategic minerals. As the new generation of Chinese leadership under Hu Jintao has moved away from the more cautious approach of his predecessor, Jiang Zemin, China has begun to aggressively court Latin America as its principal source of supply outside Asia. Figures from the Chinese National Statistics Office show that, for example, 77 percent of all Chinese foreign investment outside Asia in 2003 went to Latin America. The pattern of Chinese investment in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, and Chile suggests that the Asian giant is seeking to assure access to critical commodities by constructing vertically integrated supply networks over which it has leverage. China is purchasing interest in key Latin American suppliers such as the Canadian minerals firm Noranda, or the Argentine oil subsidiary PlusPetrol Norte. It is also building cooperative relationships with supplier governments such as the joint oil exploration and refinery construction deals signed with Venezuela and Brazil in 2004. Where necessary, China is also investing in the infrastructure of Latin American countries to help them more effectively bring their products to market. In addition to documenting China's aggressive new posture in specific Latin American countries, this monograph argues that the expanded Chinese trade and investment presence in the region ultimately will give China a stake in the politics of the region and may tempt it to become involved in the region's security affairs. Expanded Chinese trade and investment in Latin America, for example, will expand greatly the community of Chinese nationals in the region. The broadened community of Chinese nationals multiplies opportunities for incidents involving those nationals, while also expanding the community in China with an interest in the region. At the same time, significant Chinese investments in Latin American extractive industries and increasing dependence on its production will cause the Chinese government to seek to deflect political movements in Latin American countries that could expropriate these investments or disrupt these resource flows. Ultimately, this monograph argues that Chinese engagement with Latin America will make the nation both a powerful competitor and a potential partner for the United States in the region. On one hand, China, with major investments in Latin America and dependence on its material flows, is likely to be a nation interested in reducing political instability, armed groups, and criminal activity in the region, rather than fueling radical populism and insurgency. On the other hand, the United States needs to consider to what degree it is willing to accept a China that has increasing leverage in Latin America through its investment and trade presence and a growing interest in the political course of the region. Now, rather than later, is the time for the United States to begin seriously considering how to most constructively engage the Chinese in the Western Hemisphere.
Download or read book The Chinese Navy written by Institute for National Strategic Studies and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2011-12-27 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tells the story of the growing Chinese Navy - The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) - and its expanding capabilities, evolving roles and military implications for the USA. Divided into four thematic sections, this special collection of essays surveys and analyzes the most important aspects of China's navel modernization.
Download or read book Interpreting China s Grand Strategy written by Michael D. Swaine and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2000-03-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's continuing rapid economic growth and expanding involvement in global affairs pose major implications for the power structure of the international system. To more accurately and fully assess the significance of China's emergence for the United States and the global community, it is necessary to gain a more complete understanding of Chinese security thought and behavior. This study addresses such questions as: What are China's most fundamental national security objectives? How has the Chinese state employed force and diplomacy in the pursuit of these objectives over the centuries? What security strategy does China pursue today and how will it evolve in the future? The study asserts that Chinese history, the behavior of earlier rising powers, and the basic structure and logic of international power relations all suggest that, although a strong China will likely become more assertive globally, this possibility is unlikely to emerge before 2015-2020 at the earliest. To handle this situation, the study argues that the United States should adopt a policy of realistic engagement with China that combines efforts to pursue cooperation whenever possible; to prevent, if necessary, the acquisition by China of capabilities that would threaten America's core national security interests; and to remain prepared to cope with the consequences of a more assertive China.
Download or read book The National Security Implications of Investments and Products from the People s Republic of China in the Telecommunications Sector written by Uscc Research Staff and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission has released the report, "The National Security Implications of Investments and Products From the People's Republic of China In the Telecommunications Sector," detailing China's extensive engagement in the U.S. telecommunications sector and the impact on U.S. national security interests. The report discusses how China's growing involvement and investment in U.S. telecommunications supply chains and companies, including the penetration of the U.S. marketplace by companies subject to ownership, control, or influence by the People's Republic of China, could eventually provide China with access to or control of vital U.S. and allied information, networks, or segments of critical supply chains. It also describes some of the potential security vulnerabilities in communications networks that might be exploited by hostile actors, whether state-sponsored or otherwise.
Download or read book China s Space Program and Its Implications for the United States written by J. Barry Patterson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China became a serious member of the spacefaring community in 1985 and in response, the U.S. developed agreements to limit the economic impact on U.S. space programs and to control the spread of related technology. China charges less for a space launch than a U.S. firm does and so an economic threat to the livelihood of U.S. space industries exists. The precarious U.S. launch industry is already challenged by Arianespace. The U.S. is also concerned about transferring technology to China from U.S. satellite manufacturers. The technology involved in mating satellites to boosters, measuring stress on the satellite at launch, and the development of apogee kick motors is all transferable to missile technology and may aid China in its intercontinental ballistic missile programs. Not only has China been improving its own programs, it has also sold missiles and technologies to other countries such as Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and India. To foster the growing relationship between China and the U.S., clear policies and agreements are needed that match our national security interests with economic reality.
Download or read book U S National Security and Military commercial Concerns with the People s Republic of China written by United States. Congress. House. Select Committee on U.S. National Security and Military/Commercial Concerns with the People's Republic of China and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "May 25, 1999--declassified, in part, pursuant to House Resolution 5, as amended, 106th Congress, 1st session"--Added t.p.
Download or read book Military Activities in the EEZ written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S China Relations written by Caitlin Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC or China) are involved in a prolonged stand-off over trade and in competition that is spilling from political and military areas into a growing number of other spheres, including technology, finance, and education, severely straining ties on the 40th anniversary of the two countries' establishment of diplomatic relations. The two lead the world in the size of their economies, their defense budgets, and their global greenhouse gas emissions. Both countries are permanent members of the United Nations (U.N.) Security Council. In 2018, they were each other's largest trading partners. During the Trump Administration, competition has dominated the relationship and areas of cooperation have shrunk. The 2017 National Security Strategy (NSS) describes both China and Russia as seeking to "challenge American power, influence, and interests, attempting to erode American security and prosperity." To pressure China to change its economic practices, the United States has imposed tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars of U.S. imports from China, with almost all imports from China scheduled to be subject to additional tariffs by December 15, 2019. U.S. tariffs and China's retaliatory tariffs have reordered global supply chains and hit U.S. farmers and manufacturers particularly hard. Twelve rounds of negotiations have not resolved the dispute. On August 5, 2019, the U.S. Treasury Department labeled China a currency manipulator for the first time in a quarter century. The Administration has placed restrictions on the ability of U.S. firms to supply PRC telecommunications giant Huawei. The United States has also sought to warn other nations away from business dealings with Huawei and from cooperation with China on infrastructure projects under the framework of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Many analysts ascribe the rising friction in the relationship today not only to the arguably more confrontational inclinations of the Trump Administration, but also to more assertive behavior by China under President Xi Jinping. Xi assumed the top posts in the Communist Party of China in November 2012 and added the state presidency in March 2013. Later in 2013, China began building military outposts in the South China Sea and Xi launched BRI, an ambitious effort to boost economic connectivity-and China's influence-across the globe. In 2015, China began enacting a suite of national security legislation that shrank the space for independent thought and civil society, subjected ordinary citizens to stepped-up surveillance, and imposed onerous conditions on foreign firms operating in China. The same year, China launched its "Made in China 2025" plan, seeking to reduce China's reliance on foreign technology and directing the considerable resources of the state toward supporting the development of "national champion" Chinese firms in 10 strategic industries. In 2017, at the end of his first five-year term in his Party posts, Xi tasked China's military with turning itself into a "world-class" force by mid-century. Also in 2017, his government began forcing more than 1 million of his Turkic Muslim fellow citizens in the northwest region of Xinjiang into reeducation camps.
Download or read book China s Military Agreements with Argentina written by Jordan Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the conclusion of a state visit to China by Argentine President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner on February 5, 2015, the governments of China and Argentina released a joint communiqué announcing prospective military sales and defense cooperation agreements extending beyond the scope of any made between China and a Latin American nation to date. If finalized, these agreements would significantly alter the scope of China's military exports to the region, representing a new level of volume, competitiveness, and technological sophistication and potentially creating inroads to other regional markets. This report seeks to outline the emerging details of China's recent agreements with Argentina, analyze their significance within the progression of China's military engagement with Latin America as a whole, and assess potential implications this progression may have for U.S. regional objectives.
Download or read book The National Security Implications of the Economic Relationship Between the United States and China written by U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission and published by . This book was released on 2002-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
