Download or read book Chemical Testing Using New Approach Methodologies NAMs written by Amy J. Clippinger and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-12-16 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nordic Workshop on New Approach Methodologies NAMs written by Wojewodzic, Marcin W. and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2022-05-20 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-526/ New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are an emerging tool in toxicology for performing chemical risk assessment. NAMs reduce animal testing while increasing robustness, throughput and providing a mechanistic understanding of chemical modes-of-actions, in accordance with the Next Generation Risk Assessment principles. The workshop’s objective was to increase risk assessors’ understanding of the data produced by NAMs and their ability to use it for regulatory actions under REACH and CLP. It aimed to highlight the main challenges for NAMs, discuss possible advancements in using NAMs, and increase knowledge and competence within the relevant Nordic authorities. It also served to facilitate discussions about the obstacles to implementing NAMs in regulatory processes, and to identify strategies (including omics approaches) for increasing their use in read-across and grouping processes.
Download or read book Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in molecular biology and toxicology are paving the way for major improvements in the evaluation of the hazards posed by the large number of chemicals found at low levels in the environment. The National Research Council was asked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to review the state of the science and create a far-reaching vision for the future of toxicity testing. The book finds that developing, improving, and validating new laboratory tools based on recent scientific advances could significantly improve our ability to understand the hazards and risks posed by chemicals. This new knowledge would lead to much more informed environmental regulations and dramatically reduce the need for animal testing because the new tests would be based on human cells and cell components. Substantial scientific efforts and resources will be required to leverage these new technologies to realize the vision, but the result will be a more efficient, informative and less costly system for assessing the hazards posed by industrial chemicals and pesticides.
Download or read book European Partnership on the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals PARC Focus on New Approach Methodologies NAMs in Risk Assessment written by Terje Svingen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-21 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Partnership on the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) project was launched in 2022. The overarching aim of this partnership is to enhance our knowledge about chemical substances to better safeguard human health and the environment against harmful effects. The project will run for seven years under Horizon Europe. PARC is subdivided into several work packages (WPs). WP5 is focused on hazard assessment for human and environmental health and includes more than 80 partners across Europe. WP5 aims to fill data gaps for specified chemical substances of concern (e.g, bisphenol alternatives) and to develop or improve new approach methodologies (NAMs) for chemical hazard assessment. This is in order to progress towards a risk assessment paradigm relying less on animal toxicity data, both with respect to human health and environmental safety. As the PARC initiative will evolve over time with respect to both projects and activities, presenting early initiatives will foster an increased awareness of ongoing activities and potential incorporation of new activities going forward.
Download or read book Environmental Toxicity Testing written by K. Clive Thompson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-05 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an integral component of environmental policy, it has become essential to regulate and monitor toxic substances. Past emphasis has been primarily on analytical approaches to the detection of specific, targeted contaminants, thus allowing chemical characterisation. However, toxicity testing or biological assessment is necessary for ecotoxicological evaluation, and this offers marked benefits and advantages that complement chemical analysis. Key issues to be addressed include identification of pertinent tests, reproducibility and robustness of these tests, and cost considerations.This book examines these issues and describes and explains the approaches that have been developed for environmental toxicity evaluations. Advantages, benefits and drawbacks of the strategies and methods are highlighted. Directed equally at ecotoxicologists, industrial chemists, analytical chemists and environmental consultants, this book is written in a way that will prove helpful to both new and experienced practitioners.
Download or read book Exposure Science in the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-10-28 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the use of personal products to our consumption of food, water, and air, people are exposed to a wide array of agents each day-many with the potential to affect health. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy investigates the contact of humans or other organisms with those agents (that is, chemical, physical, and biologic stressors) and their fate in living systems. The concept of exposure science has been instrumental in helping us understand how stressors affect human and ecosystem health, and in efforts to prevent or reduce contact with harmful stressors. In this way exposure science has played an integral role in many areas of environmental health, and can help meet growing needs in environmental regulation, urban and ecosystem planning, and disaster management. Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and A Strategy explains that there are increasing demands for exposure science information, for example to meet needs for data on the thousands of chemicals introduced into the market each year, and to better understand the health effects of prolonged low-level exposure to stressors. Recent advances in tools and technologies-including sensor systems, analytic methods, molecular technologies, computational tools, and bioinformatics-have provided the potential for more accurate and comprehensive exposure science data than ever before. This report also provides a roadmap to take advantage of the technologic innovations and strategic collaborations to move exposure science into the future.
Download or read book Guidelines for Setting Specific Concentration Limits for Carcinogens in Annex I of Directive 67 548 EEC written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals Section 4 Test No 405 Acute Eye Irritation Corrosion written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This method provides information on health hazard likely to arise from exposure to test substance (liquids, solids and aerosols) by application on the eye. This Test Guideline is intended preferably for use with albino rabbit. The test substance is ...
Download or read book In Silico Toxicology written by Mark T. D. Cronin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2010 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book defines the use of computational approaches to predict the environmental toxicity and human health effects of organic chemicals.
Download or read book Applied Chemoinformatics written by Thomas Engel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by world-famous pioneers in chemoinformatics, this is a clearly structured and applications-oriented approach to the topic, providing up-to-date and focused information on the wide range of applications in this exciting field. The authors explain methods and software tools, such that the reader will not only learn the basics but also how to use the different software packages available. Experts describe applications in such different fields as structure-spectra correlations, virtual screening, prediction of active sites, library design, the prediction of the properties of chemicals, the development of new cosmetics products, quality control in food, the design of new materials with improved properties, toxicity modeling, assessment of the risk of chemicals, and the control of chemical processes. The book is aimed at advanced students as well as lectures but also at scientists that want to learn how chemoinformatics could assist them in solving their daily scientific tasks. Together with the corresponding textbook Chemoinformatics - Basic Concepts and Methods (ISBN 9783527331093) on the fundamentals of chemoinformatics readers will have a comprehensive overview of the field.
Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.
Download or read book Alternatives to Animal Testing written by Hajime Kojima and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-27 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents recent advances in the pure sciences that are of significance in the quest for alternatives to the use of animals in research and describes a variety of practical applications of the three key guiding principles for the more ethical use of animals in experiments – replacement, reduction, and refinement, collectively known as the 3Rs. Important examples from across the world of implementation of the 3Rs in the testing of cosmetics, chemicals, pesticides, and biologics, including vaccines, are described, with additional information on relevant regulations. The coverage also encompasses emerging approaches to alternative tests and the 3Rs. The book is based on the most informative contributions delivered at the Asian Congress 2016 on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences. It will be of value for those working in R&D, for graduate students, and for educators in various fields, including the pharmaceutical and cosmetic sciences, pharmacology, toxicology, and animal welfare. The free, open access distribution of Alternatives to Animal Testing is enabled by the Creative Commons Attribution license in International version 4: CC BY 4.0.
Download or read book EPA Strategic Plan written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by Agency. This book was released on 1997 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods NIOSH monitoring methods written by John V. Crable and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-20 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology uses a chronological approach to demonstrate how the use of alternative methods has evolved from their conception as adjuncts to traditional animal toxicity tests to replacements for them. This volume in the History of Toxicology and Environmental Health series explores the history of alternative test development, validation, and use, with an emphasis on humanity and good science, in line with the Three Rs (Replacement,Reduction, Refinement) concept expounded by William Russell and Rex Burch in 1959 in their now classic volume, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. The book describes the historical development of technologies that have influenced the application of alternatives in toxicology and safety testing. These range from single cell monocultures to sophisticated, miniaturised and microfluidic organism-on-a-chip devices, and also include molecular modelling, chemoinformatics and QSAR analysis, and the use of stem cells, tissue engineering and hollow fibre bioreactors. This has been facilitated by the wider availability of human tissues, advances in tissue culture, analytical and diagnostic methods, increases in computational processing, capabilities, and a greater understanding of cell biology and molecular mechanisms of toxicity. These technological developments have enhanced the range and information content of the toxicity endpoints detected, and therefore the relevance of test systems and data interpretation, while new techniques for non-invasive diagnostic imaging and high resolution detection methods have permitted an increased role for human studies. Several key examples of how these technologies are being harnessed to meet 21st century safety assessment challenges are provided, including their deployment in integrated testing schemes in conjunction with kinetic modelling, and in specialized areas, such as inhalation toxicity studies. The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology uses a chronological approach to demonstrate how the use of alternative methods has evolved from their conception as adjuncts to traditional animal toxicity tests to replacements for them. This volume in the History of Toxicology and Environmental Health series explores the history of alternative test development, validation, and use, with an emphasis on humanity and good science, in line with the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) concept expounded by William Russell and Rex Burch in 1959 in their now-classic volume, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. The book describes the historical development of technologies that have influenced the application of alternatives in toxicology and safety testing. These range from single cell monocultures to sophisticated miniaturised and microfluidic organism-on-a-chip devices, and also include molecular modelling, chemoinformatics and QSAR analysis, and the use of stem cells, tissue engineering and hollow fibre bioreactors. This has been facilitated by the wider availability of human tissues, advances in tissue culture, analytical and diagnostic methods, increases in computational processing capabilities, and a greater understanding of cell biology and molecular mechanisms of toxicity. These technological developments have enhanced the range and information content of the toxicity endpoints detected, and therefore the relevance of test systems and data interpretation, while new techniques for non-invasive diagnostic imaging and high resolution detection methods have permitted an increased role for human studies. Several key examples of how these technologies are being harnessed to meet 21st century safety assessment challenges are provided, including their deployment in integrated testing schemes in conjunction with kinetic modelling, and in specialised areas, such as inhalation toxicity studies.
Download or read book Toxicokinetics written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinical Safety and Efficacy Testing of Cosmetics written by William Waggoner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989-11-27 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
