Download or read book Characterizing the X ray Properties and Evolution of Distant Galaxies Using Deep Extragalactic Surveys written by Bret D. Lehmer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cosmological Aspects of X Ray Clusters of Galaxies written by W.C. Seitter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Study Institute "Cosmological Aspects of X-Ray Clus ters of Galaxies" took place in Vel en , Westphalia, Germany, from June 6 to June 18, 1993. It addressed the fruitful union of two topics, cosmology and X-ray clus ters, both of which carry substantial scientific weight at the beginning of the last decenium of the last century in the second millenium of our era. The so far largest X-ray "All-Sky Survey", observed by the ROSAT X-ray satel lite, and ROSAT's deep pointed observations, have considerably enlarged the base of X-ray astronomy, particularly concerning extragalactic sources. Cosmology has gained significant impetus from the large optical direct and spectroscopic surveys, based on high quality 2-dimensional receivers at large telescopes and powerful scan ning devices, harvesting the full information 1 content from the older technique of employing photographic plates. Radioastronomy and IR-astronomy with IRAS, as well as r-astronomy with GRO, continue and strengthen the role of extragalactic research. The rapidly growing computer power in data reduction and data storage facilities support the evolution towards large-number statistics. A most significant push was given to early cosmology by the needs of physics in trying to unravel the nature of forces which govern our material world. The topic of the ASI was chosen because it opens new vistas on this for ever new problem: the universe. Clusters of galaxies probe large-scale matter distributions and the structure of space-time.
Download or read book Studying Distant Galaxies A Handbook Of Methods And Analyses written by Francois Hammer and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distant galaxies encapsulate the various stages of galaxy evolution and formation from over 95% of the development of the universe. As early as twenty-five years ago, little was known about them, however since the first systematic survey was completed in the 1990s, increasing amounts of resources have been devoted to their discovery and research. This book summarises for the first time the numerous techniques used for observing, analysing, and understanding the evolution and formation of these distant galaxies.In this rapidly expanding research field, this text is an every-day companion handbook for graduate students and active researchers. It provides guidelines in sample selection, imaging, integrated spectroscopy and 3D spectroscopy, which help to avoid the numerous pitfalls of observational and analysis techniques in use in extragalactic astronomy. It also paves the way for establishing relations between fundamental properties of distant galaxies. At each step, the reader is assisted with numerous practical examples and ready-to-use methodology to help understand and analyse research.François Hammer worked initially in general relativity and made the first modelling of gravitational lenses prior to their spectroscopic confirmation. Following this, he became co-leader of the first complete survey of distant galaxies, the Canada-France-Redshift Survey. This led to the discovery of the strong decrease of the cosmic star formation density measured from UV light as z=1, which, alongside Hector Flores, they confirmed as bolometric and dust independent. With Mathieu Puech, they then pioneered the 3D spectroscopy of distant galaxies, leading to a major increase of understanding of the dynamic state of distant galaxies evidenced by the scatter of the Tully-Fisher relation. This led them to propose, with the addition to the team of Myriam Rodrigues, that galactic disks may survive or be rebuilt in gas-rich mergers, a scenario that is consistent with contemporary cosmological simulations. Besides extensive observational experience, the authors have led, or are leading, several instruments implemented or to be implemented at the largest telescopes, including VLT/Giraffe, VLT/X-shooter, VLT/MOONS and E-ELT/MOSAIC. They have also developed several observational techniques in adaptive optics, and in sky subtraction for integral field units and fibre instruments.
Download or read book Characterizing Distant Galaxies written by Seth P. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive and robust analysis of galaxies found throughout cosmic time provides the means to probe the underlying characteristics of our Universe. Coupling observations and theory, spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting provides a method to derive the intrinsic properties of distant galaxies which then aid in defining galaxy populations and constraining current galaxy formation and evolution scenarios. One such population are the sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) whose high infrared luminosities -- typically associated with dust-obscured star formation -- and redshift distribution places them as likely key components in galaxy evolution. To fully analyze these systems, however, requires a near complete sampling of the full SED, detailed models that encapsulate the variety of physical processes and sophisticated methods for comparing the data and models. In this dissertation, we present the general propose, Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) based SED fitting routine SED Analysis Through Markov Chains (SATMC) and the insight we have gained in modeling a sample of AzTEC 1.1mm-detected SMGs. The MCMC engine and Bayesian formalism used in the construction of SATMC offers a unique view at the constraints on model parameter space that are often grossly simplified in traditional SED fitting methods. We first present the motivation behind SATMC and its MCMC algorithm. We also highlight a series of test cases that verify not only its reliability but its versatility to various astrophysical applications, including the field of photometric redshift estimation. We then present the AzTEC SMG sample and preliminary results obtained through counterpart identification, X-ray spectral modeling and SED fitting with SATMC. Finally, we present the latest work in detailed SED analysis of SMGs and how these results influence our understanding of the SMG population.
Download or read book The X ray Background written by Xavier Barcons and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-07-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the current observational knowledge and understanding of the cosmic X-ray background.
Download or read book X ray Binary Evolution and the Connection to Star Formation in Nearby Galaxies with the Chandra Local Volume Survey written by Breanna Arlene Binder and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray binaries, especially those with a massive stellar companion, provide a unique probe through which one can study the end-points of high-mass stellar evolution while simultaneously tracing recent star formation. In this thesis, I analyze the high-mass X-ray binary populations of five nearby galaxies using matched observations from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope. The global X-ray properties of the X-ray binary populations of these galaxies is correlated with the star formation histories of the host galaxies. Unlike previous studies of the X-ray--star formation connection, which corrects for contamination by background sources only in a statistical sense, I have developed a source classification scheme utilizing the resolved stellar populations from Hubble imaging to separate X-ray binary candidates from contaminating X-ray sources. This thesis validates the statistical corrective approach typically applied to more distant galaxies, where it is not possible to resolve individual stars. Additionally, the X-ray binary populations of these nearby galaxies is used to constrain models of massive star evolution. This includes an estimate of the fraction of massive evolved binaries that undergo an X-ray luminous phase, the characteristic timescale of the X-ray luminous phase, and the mass distribution of stellar companions in X-ray binaries.
Download or read book Deep Millimeter Surveys Implications For Galaxy Formation And Evolution written by David H Hughes and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001-10-29 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The arrival of large submillimeter and millimeter-wave detector arrays opened a new window on galaxy formation and evolution. The major new facilities now being designed or constructed, such as ALMA (MMA) and the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT), will soon be expanding the horizons even farther.The Conference on “Deep Millimeter Surveys: Implications for Galaxy Formation and Evolution” drew together the major international groups working on submillimeter and millimeter-wave galaxies to discuss their relation to other galaxies both near by and in the early Universe, the role of the LMT and other new facilities in advancing the new field, and the implications of the new results and models for our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. The resulting compendium of reports on observations, simulations, theory and interpretation, and instrumentation is the first book to present the new millimeter view of the early Universe thoroughly in a single volume.
Download or read book Studying Distant Galaxies written by François Hammer and published by World Scientific Publishing Europe Limited. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distant galaxies encapsulate the various stages of galaxy evolution and formation from over 95% of the development of the universe. As early as twenty-five years ago, little was known about them, however since the first systematic survey was completed in the 1990s, increasing amounts of resources have been devoted to their discovery and research. This book summarises for the first time the numerous techniques used for observing, analysing, and understanding the evolution and formation of these distant galaxies. In this rapidly expanding research field, this text is an every-day companion handbook for graduate students and active researchers. It provides guidelines in sample selection, imaging, integrated spectroscopy and 3D spectroscopy, which help to avoid the numerous pitfalls of observational and analysis techniques in use in extragalactic astronomy. It also paves the way for establishing relations between fundamental properties of distant galaxies. At each step, the reader is assisted with numerous practical examples and ready-to-use methodology to help understand and analyse research. Fran ois Hammer worked initially in general relativity and made the first modelling of gravitational lenses prior to their spectroscopic confirmation. Following this, he became co-leader of the first complete survey of distant galaxies, the Canada-France-Redshift Survey. This led to the discovery of the strong decrease of the cosmic star formation density measured from UV light as z=1, which, alongside Hector Flores, they confirmed as bolometric and dust independent. With Mathieu Puech, they then pioneered the 3D spectroscopy of distant galaxies, leading to a major increase of understanding of the dynamic state of distant galaxies evidenced by the scatter of the Tully-Fisher relation. This led them to propose, with the addition to the team of Myriam Rodrigues, that galactic disks may survive or be rebuilt in gas-rich mergers, a scenario that is consistent with contemporary cosmological simulations. Besides extensive observational experience, the authors have led, or are leading, several instruments implemented or to be implemented at the largest telescopes, including VLT/Giraffe, VLT/X-shooter, VLT/MOONS and E-ELT/MOSAIC. They have also developed several observational techniques in adaptive optics, and in sky subtraction for integral field units and fibre instruments.
Download or read book X ray Insights Into Massive Star Evolution written by Kristen Garofali and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Massive stars are key drivers in the cycle of star formation and overall galactic chemical evolution, but many aspects of the evolution of high-mass stars, in particular the end stages of their lifetimes, are difficult to constrain observationally. High-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) and supernova remnants (SNRs) are observable at a broad range of wavelengths and are unique probes into how massive stars evolve, die and subsequently interact with and enrich their environments. Previous studies of HMXB and SNR populations, both galactic and extragalactic, have demonstrated the wealth of knowledge to be gleaned from X-ray observations of these objects. However, these studies have been limited in the range of galactic host environments (metallicities and star formation rates) probed, as well as suffering from distance, extinction and X-ray positional uncertainties. M33, a late-type Sc spiral, is ideal for X-ray studies of both HMXBs and SNRs. It's proximity to the Milky Way makes both HMXBs and SNRs resolvable for study, and its low foreground extinction and close to face-on inclination make it easier to study such objects as populations. Furthermore, it has deep, and wide coverage from Chandra, which affords high spatial resolution, and XMM-Newton, which offers high soft sensitivity, in conjunction with considerable archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) coverage. In this thesis, I probe the X-ray source population of M33 with a particular emphasis on massive stars and their end products, which are well-characterized using the available multiwavelength coverage. I characterize the large X-ray point source population of M33 from deep XMM-Newton observations, from which I identify a sizable number of new soft sources, and produce a deep X-ray luminosity function indicative of a substantial population of HMXBs. The source population from this catalog forms the backbone for studying M33's massive star population from the X-ray perspective. From this source population, I also identify a large number of SNRs newly detected in X-rays in M33. With this large sample of SNRs I examine the effect of host galaxy properties, such as metallicity and star formation rate, on SNR characteristics and detectability. I further study the massive star population of M33 through identification and characterization of a new sample of candidate HMXBs in M33 found using archival HST and Chandra imaging. I use the HST photometric data to model the color-magnitude diagrams in the vicinity of each candidate HMXB to measure a resolved recent star formation history, and thus a formation time-scale, or age for each source. For a subset of these HMXBs, I present an in-depth source classification on the basis of available X-ray and optical spectra and colors. I discuss these results in the context of massive star, and massive binary evolution and their connection to host galaxy environment as seen through the lens of M33. Studying large samples of massive star end products in a nearby galaxy such as M33 paves the way towards understanding massive star and massive binary evolution, and the implications for formation of compact object binaries and gravitational wave sources.
Download or read book X and Gamma Ray Astronomy written by H. Bradt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IAU Symposium No. 55 on 'X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy' has occurred, not entirely by coincidence, at an important moment in the development of these new branches of observational astronomy. In X-ray astronomy the data from the first X-ray observatory UHURU have contributed to a new view of the X-ray sky and a new conception of the nature and properties of galactic and extragalactic X-ray sources. In gamma-ray astronomy the exciting and often controversial nature of the results underlines the importance of the forthcoming launch of SAS-B, the first orbiting y-ray observatory. As Bruno Rossi reminds us (p. I), the Symposium occurred almost exactly ten years after the first detection of the X-ray star Sco X-I. During this time we have moved from the detection of a handful of the nearest and brightest sources to the detailed study of the nature of stellar sources in the farthest reaches of our own galaxy and in external galaxies of the local group. The detection of pulsating X-ray sources in bi nary systems permits the measurement of pulsation periods, and orbital parameters with precisions comparable to any yet achieved with traditional observational techniques. The strong indications that most X-ray sources are extremely compact objects give us confidence that X-ray astronomy will playa significant and possibly decisive role in the study of stars near the end point of stellar evolution.
Download or read book Characterizing the X ray Properties of Clusters of Galaxies written by Karl Andersson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exploring the X ray Universe written by Frederick D. Seward and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capturing the excitement and accomplishments of X-ray astronomy, this second edition now includes a broader range of astronomical phenomena and dramatic new results from the most powerful X-ray telescopes. Covering all areas of astronomical research, ranging from the smallest to the largest objects, from neutron stars to clusters of galaxies, this textbook is ideal for undergraduate students. Each chapter starts with the basic aspects of the topic, explores the history of discoveries, and examines in detail modern observations and their significance. This new edition has been updated with results from the most recent space-based instruments, including ROSAT, BeppoSAX, ASCA, Chandra, and XMM. New chapters cover X-ray emission processes, the interstellar medium, the Solar System, and gamma-ray bursts. The text is supported by over 300 figures, with tables listing the properties of the sources, and more specialized technical points separated in boxes.
Download or read book The Environment and Evolution of Galaxies written by J.M. Shull and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In July 1992, over 300 astronomers attended the Third Tetons Summer School on the subject of `The Environment and Evolution of Galaxies'. This book presents 28 papers based on invited review talks and a panel discussion on `The Nature of High Redshift Objects'. The major themes include: the Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium, Galaxy Formation and Evolution, Cooling Flows, Quasars and Radiation Backgrounds, and Interactions between Galaxies/AGNs and their Environment. Recent advances with the ROSAT, COBE and Hubble Space Telescope are discussed, together with current theoretical developments. The tutorial nature of the papers make this book a valuable supplement for professional astonomers, graduate students, and senior undergraduates. As with previous Tetons conferences, this book provides both the current state of observational and theoretical research and material complementary to courses in extragalactic and interstellar astrophysics.
Download or read book The Restless Universe written by Eric Matthew Schlegel and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carl Sagan once noted that there is only one generation that gets to see things for the first time. We are in the midst of such a time right now, standing on the threshold of discovery in the young and remarkable field of X-ray astronomy. In The Restless Universe, astronomer Eric Schlegel offers readers an informative survey of this cutting-edge science. Two major space observatories launched in the last few years--NASA's Chandra and the European Newton--are now orbiting the Earth, sending back a gold mine of data on the X-ray universe. Schlegel, who has worked on the Chandra project for seven years, describes the building and launching of this space-based X-ray observatory. But the book goes far beyond the story of Chandra. What Schlegel provides here is the background a nonscientist would need to grasp the present and follow the future of X-ray astronomy. He looks at the relatively brief history of the field, the hardware used to detect X-rays, the satellites--past, present, and future--that have been or will be flown to collect the data, the way astronomers interpret this data, and, perhaps most important, the insights we have already learned as well as speculations about what we may soon discover. And throughout the book, Schlegel conveys the excitement of looking at the universe from the perspective brought by these new observatories and the sharper view they deliver. Drawing on observations obtained from Chandra, Newton, and previous X-ray observatories, The Restless Universe gives a first look at an exciting field which significantly enriches our understanding of the universe.
Download or read book Frontiers of X Ray Astronomy written by A. C. Fabian and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-07-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray astronomy has undergone a revolution in recent years. With the launch of two orbiting observatories, Chandra and XMM-Newton, astronomers are now able to obtain spectra and images at a higher resolution than ever before. Observations have had a major impact on topics ranging from protostars to cosmology. The contributions in this 2004 work, by leading authorities in the field, originate from a Royal Society Discussion Meeting that was held to review results from the current generation of X-ray telescopes, and set them in context. This book is a valuable reference for research astronomers and graduate students wishing to understand the latest developments in this exciting field.
Download or read book X Ray Astronomy written by G. Giacconi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a series of lectures presented at the 5th Course of the International School of Astrophysics held in Erice (Sicily) from July 1st to July 14, 1979 at the "E. Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture. The course was fully supported by a grant from the NATO Advanced Institute Programme. It was attended by about one hundred participants from ten countries. Since the discovery of the first extra-solar X-ray source in the early 1960's, X-ray astronomy has played an increasingly important role in the study of the Universe, bringing new insight to almost every field of modern astrophysics from stellar evolution to cosmology. Generally speaking, this branch of astronomy is concerned with the discovery, classification and study of "hot matter" in the universe, including high energy non-thermal pheno mena. In particular, X-ray observations appear to provide the main, if not the only, probe to inspect regions where collapsed objects are formed, such as the environment of neutron stars and of black holes in the presence of matter accretion onto the objects themselves. It is significant that the first candidate black hole (Cyg X-I) has been primarily singled out by its X-ray emission. In the same context, it is well known that one of the fundamental problems in modern astrophysics is the understanding of the strong activity taking place in galactic nuclei.
Download or read book The Universe in X Rays written by Joachim E. Trümper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from leading scientists in the field, and edited by two of the most prominent astronomers of our time, this is a totally authoritative volume on X-ray astronomy that will be essential reading for everyone interested – from students to astrophysicists and physicists. All the aspects of this exciting area of study are covered, from astronomical instrumentation to extragalactic X-ray astronomy.
