Download or read book Characterization of the Mechanical Response of the Lumbar Spine written by Shannon Alisa Zirbel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous studies have investigated the relationship between the degeneration grade and flexibility of the intervertebral disc, but were completed without the presence of a compressive follower load. This study builds on past work by performing the testing under a compressive follower load. Segmental stiffness, range of motion (ROM), hysteresis area, and normalized hysteresis (hysteresis area/ROM) were evaluated and the effect of degeneration, segment level, temperature, and follower load were analyzed.
Download or read book Characterization and Biomechanical Analysis of the Human Lumbar Spine with In Vitro Testing Conditions written by Dean Keith Stolworthy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In conclusion, the biomechanical response was significantly altered due to testing temperature, loading-rate, and application of a compressive follower-load. The author emphasizes the necessity to simulate the physiological environment during ex vivo biomechanical analysis of the lumbar spine in order to obtain a physiological response. Simplified testing procedures may be implemented only after the particular effect is known.
Download or read book Mechanical Characterization of the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Subjected to Impact Loading Conditions written by David Jamison (IV) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low back pain is a large and costly problem in the United States. Several working populations, such as miners, construction workers, forklift operators, and military personnel, have an increased risk and prevalence of low back pain compared to the general population. This is due to exposure to repeated, transient impact shocks, particularly while operating vehicles or other machinery. These shocks typically do not cause acute injury, but rather lead to pain and injury over time. The major focus in low back pain is often the intervertebral disc, due to its role as the major primary load-bearing component along the spinal column. The formation of a reliable standard for human lumbar disc exposure to repeated transient shock could potentially reduce injury risk for these working populations. The objective of this project, therefore, is to characterize the mechanical response of the lumbar intervertebral disc subjected to sub-traumatic impact loading conditions using both cadaveric and computational models, and to investigate the possible implications of this type of loading environment for low back pain. Axial, compressive impact loading events on Naval high speed boats were simulated in the laboratory and applied to human cadaveric specimen. Disc stiffness was higher and hysteresis was lower than quasi-static loading conditions. This indicates a shift in mechanical response when the disc is under impact loads and this behavior could be contributing to long-term back pain. Interstitial fluid loss and disc height changes were shown to affect disc impact mechanics in a creep study. Neutral zone increased, while energy dissipation and low-strain region stiffness decreased. This suggests that the disc has greater clinical instability during impact loading with progressive creep and fluid loss, indicating that time of day should be considered for working populations subjected to impact loads. A finite element model was developed and validated against cadaver specimen subjected to impacts in the laboratory. Analysis showed greater total von Mises stress and pore pressure in the components of the disc under transient shocks compared to static or quasi-static loading. These findings support the idea that impact shocks cause a change in mechanical response and are potentially damaging to the disc in the long term.
Download or read book An Analysis of the Effect of Artificial Disc Replacement on the Mechanical Response of the Human Lumbar Spine written by Antonio Jose Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: mathematica model, lumbar spine, matlab simulation, artificial discs, simplified spine model.
Download or read book The Mechanical Characterization of the Transverse Process of the Lumbar Swine Spine written by Harry A. Wellons and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of the Effect of Artificial Disc Replacement on the Mechanical Response of the Human Lumbar Spine written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to develop a simplified, two-dimensional mathematical model of the lumbar spine for the purpose of studying the behavior the lumbar spine when affected by degenerative disc disease. Several hypothetical treatment options, including fusion and different types of artificial disc replacements (ADR) were examined. The cases presented consisted of three one-degree of freedom artificial discs, three two-degrees of freedom artificial discs, one ideal three-degrees of freedom artificial disc, a degenerated disc, a fused disc and a healthy spine. The equations of motion were generated for a healthy lumbar spine using Lagrange's equations and numerically integrated using Matlab®. Results were obtained for all cases at two different levels, L4-L5 and L5-S1 in response to an impulsive force of 100N applied at L3 in the posterior anterior direction. In the 1-DOF ADR cases at the L4-L5 level, the shear ADR performed better than the other two ADR, while at the L5-S1 level, the rotational ADR performed better than the other two ADR, and significantly better than the fused vertebrae case since it matched the behavior of the healthy spine much more closely. All the other 1-DOF ADR provided little or no improvement when compared to the fused case. In the 2-DOF ADR cases, the shear rotational ADR behaved very similarly to the healthy spine when implanted at both levels, L4-L5 and L5-S1, showing a behavior that varied by less than 1% in the posterior anterior direction and flexion extension rotation and less than 10% in the axial displacement when compared to the behavior of a healthy spine. Overall, the results of this thesis indicate that implanting an artificial disc to replace a damaged disc offers more benefits for the spine than fusion since this allows the spine to behave closer to the natural healthy spine, and hence most likely cause less damage to adjacent discs.
Download or read book Real time Measurement and Analysis of the Mechanical Response of the Spine to Manipulative Therapy written by Yuk San Tsung Bonnie and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Mechanical Analysis of the Mammalian Lumbar Spine written by James Edward Smeathers and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mechanical study to determine the design strategy behind the two distinct types of lumbar vertebrae found in mammalia. The idea that structural properties of a ligamentous spine can be predicted mathematically is tested against experimental results from the lumbar region. It is proposed that the major difference in design strategy between the two types of lumbar spine is one of stability.
Download or read book The Lumbar Spine written by Robin McKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This landmark publication has up-to-date review of disc pathology and new patho-biomechanics data. Updated and expanded descriptions of derangement, dysfunction and postural syndromes. Clinical reasoning, conceptual model and a review of related literature."--
Download or read book Analysis of Lumbar Spine Response to Swept sine Excitation written by Stephen Hesler and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Mechanical Impact Response Characteristics Dynamic Response of the Human Abdomen written by Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of reports provides response characteristics of the head, face, neck, shoulder, thorax, lumbar spine, abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities. In each report, the descriptions of human impact response are based on data judged by the subcommittee to provide the most appropriate information for the development of human surrogates. The members of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee have reviewed SAE J1460/1 and made a conscientious decision to stabilize this Information Report. Additional research into the dynamic response of the human abdomen has been conducted since this Information Report was last revised. However, the committee has decided not to undertake the extensive work to revise SAE J1460/1 at this time. This Information Report has historical value.
Download or read book Mechanical Disorders of the Low Back written by Henry F. Farfan and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lumbar Injury Biomechanics written by Jeffrey A Pike and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amount of load that can be borne by the different components of the lumbar region is fairly well understood, as are resulting injuries from overloading. Less severe lumbar injuries involve a wide range of factors, including: heredity, obesity, age, occupation, sports, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression. Some of the most painful conditions that require high levels of care involve lumbar spine fracture or soft tissue injury from falls, contact sports, vehicle collisions, aircraft ejection, and underbody blasts from roadway explosions (military injuries). Each of these injury scenarios elicits a different kinematic response of the spine as a result of load direction, magnitude, and duration. Updated from a popular earlier volume, this new compendium includes landmark papers from 1994 through 2013 that focus exclusively on lumbar injuries. It also features an introductory chapter, “Blunt Lumbar Trauma” that provides an overview of the anatomy of the lumbar region, injury, and injury mechanisms, as well as an extensive literature update. This edition is the third in a series of biomechanics compendia edited by Mr. Pike. Earlier editions covered injuries of the neck and head. For this volume, Mr. Pike and the advisory panel selected 15 of the best papers from a variety of sources including SAE International, IRCOBI, Stapp, NHTSA, ESV, and the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. The book will be helpful to those studying lumbar injury from a broad range of causes, including transportation, falls, sports, personal violence, and blast-related. Professionals from a variety of disciplines will find the book useful: biomechanics, accident reconstruction, medical and rehabilitation, insurance, legal, and law enforcement.
Download or read book Examining the Neuromuscular and Mechanical Characteristics of the Abdominal Musculature and Connective Tissues written by Stephen Hadley Morgan Brown and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has uncovered an essential role of proper abdominal muscle function in ensuring the health and integrity of the lumbar spine. The anatomical arrangement of the abdominal musculature (rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis) and intervening connective tissues is unique in the human body. Despite the hypothesized importance and uniqueness of the abdominal muscles, very little research has been directed to understanding their role from a neuro-mechanical standpoint. Thus, this thesis was designed to study the neuro-activation and mechanical characteristics of the abdominal musculature and connective tissues, with a specific focus on torso stiffening mechanisms. Several experiments were performed and unified around this theme. The first study explored the fundamental relationship between EMG muscle activation recordings and the moments generated by the trunk musculature. This study was novel in that investigation of the abdominal musculature was augmented with consideration of antagonist muscle co-activation. The main finding was that the EMG-moment relationships were quite similar in both the abdominal and extensor muscle groups; however, the form of this relationship differed from that often reported in the literature. Specifically, consideration of antagonist muscle moments linearized the EMG-moment relationship of the agonist muscle groups. Once this activation-moment relationship had been established, the next line of questioning explored the association between torso muscle activation, driven through the abdominals, and torso stiffness. Two studies addressed this issue: the first examined the intrinsic resistance of the torso to bending in the flexion, extension, and lateral bend directions, while varying the levels of torso muscle activation; the second examined the response of the trunk to perturbations while varying the levels of torso muscle activation under the presence of limited reflexes. The first of these two studies demonstrated a rise in trunk stiffness as muscle activation increased over the lower 40% of range of motion. At greater ranges of motion in flexion and lateral bend the trunk appeared to become less stiff as the musculature contracted to higher levels. The latter study revealed substantial spinal displacements in response to trunk perturbations, indicating that in the absence of reflex activity, the stiffness produced by muscular contraction may be inadequate to stiffen the torso to prevent damage to spinal tissues. The fourth study was designed to enable in-vivo observation of abdominal muscle and connective tissue deformation using ultrasound imaging. During relatively simple abdominal contractions, the oblique aponeurosis demonstrated surprising deformation patterns that often exhibited the characteristic of a negative Poisson's ratio. This was hypothesized to be facilitated by the composite laminate arrangement of the abdominal wall, whereby the loose connective tissues separating layers of collagen fibres may allow for separation of adjacent layers, giving the appearance of structural volume expansion. Further, a lateral displacement of the rectus abdominis muscle was noted in a majority of contractions, highlighting the dominance of the laterally oriented forces generated by the oblique muscles. The final study questioned, at a basic level, the nature of the anatomical arrangement of the abdominal muscle-connective tissue network. Examining the contraction of the rat abdominal wall uncovered the transfer of muscularly generated force and stiffness through the connective tissues binding the layered muscles. This suggests a functionality of the abdominal wall as a composite laminate structure, allowing substantial multi-directional stiffness to be generated and transmitted around the torso, thereby enhancing the ability to effectively stabilize the spine.
Download or read book Dependence of Spinal Segment Mechanics on Age and Posture written by Gerd Huber and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Mechanical Impact Response Characteristics Response of the Human Neck to Inertial Loading by the Head for Automotive Seated Postures written by Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series of reports provides response characteristics of the head, face, neck, shoulder, thorax, lumbar spine, abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities. In each report, the descriptions of human impact response are based on data judged by the subcommittee to provide the most appropriate information for the development of human surrogates. The members of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee have reviewed J1460-2 and made a conscientious decision to stabilize this Information Report. Additional research into the inertial loading response of the human neck has been conducted since this Information Report was last revised. The neck design of the Hybrid III family of dummies was developed based on the data included in J1460-2. This Information Report has historical value.
Download or read book The Lumbar Spine written by Robin McKenzie and published by Spinal Publications (N.Z.) Limited. This book was released on 2003 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New 'evidence-based' chapters present intervertebral disc pathology, updated techniques, stream-lined classification system and revised management for derangement syndromes.
