Download or read book Characterization of Soil Bacterial Communities Involved in Polychlorinated Biphenyl Remediation written by Ekawan Luepromchai and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of a Soil Bacterial Community and Biphenyl Dioxygenase Genes Involved in the Degradation of Individual Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners written by Paola Correa and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Microbial Communities Associated with Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in River Sediments written by Christine Hsiao-Ting Wang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Characterisation of Microbial Communities in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contaminated Soil written by Angela Karen Joanna Surridge and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuels are currently the primary industrial energy source on Earth. They are principally composed of complex hydrocarbons in either long-chain or cyclic conformation. Industrial use of petroleum, diesel, oil, tar and other coal-derived products inevitably leads to pollution of the environment. The most serious pollution is caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that are not easily removed from soil after a spill. Long-chain and cyclic conformation makes fossil fuel hydrocarbons difficult to break down. However, certain free-living soil microorganisms have adapted to utilising these PAHs/PCBs as a source of energy. In many cases, their efficacy is greatly enhanced by the presence of plants. By inhabiting the rhizosphere, microbes form a mutualistic relationship with the plant, receiving nutrients from it and in return providing a less polluted environment in which the plant can grow. The purpose of this study was to elucidate some of the microbial population diversity in PAH/PCB-polluted soils in South Africa through the use of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In an initial study, DGGE was employed to separate soil communities in polluted and unpolluted soils into a genetic fingerprint, the main bands of which were sequenced and subjected to a BLAST analysis through a database for possible identification of species present. Phylogenetic and distance studies indicated that unpolluted soils have a far greater species diversity. It thus was evident that PAH/PCB pollution of soil leads to a decrease in microbial diversity by selecting for microorganisms with the ability to activate metabolic pathways allowing them to utilise the pollutants as an alternative source of carbon. Population diversity of pro- and eukaryotes found within polluted and non-polluted soils was compared. DGGE was employed to determine the genetic fingerprint of each population. Following this, dendogram analyses based on Shannon indices were done to determine PAH breakdown potential of prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic communities. A higher diversity and better adaptation potential were evident within prokaryotic than eukaryotic communities in pollution-stressed environments, indicating that the prokaryotic component of these samples had the greatest PAH-metabolism potential. To determine the capacity for PAH/PCB metabolism by the organisms within the soil samples being studied, the presence of xylE and ndoB genes, responsible for toluene/xylene and naphthalene biodegradation, respectively, was determined. DGGE was performed to analyse genetic diversity between these two genes, based on community fingerprints. Polluted soil communities tended to have comparable community diversity within their functional genes, depending on their physical situation, plant species proximity and soil conditions. In general, soil contained indigenous microbes with a high natural potential for biodegradation of PAHs/PCBs. A portion of the 16S gene of eight bacterial isolates representing the most dominant culturable taxa in the polluted soils was sequenced and analysed for identification purposes. These identifications were conducted in conjunction with the use of the catabolic gene probes xylE and ndoB to establish the hydrocarbon degrading capacity of the isolates. Pseudomonas, from the rhizosphere of Cyperus esculentus, was the most common PAH-degrading genus found in this study. Considering the well-established rhizosphere competence and PAH-degrading capacity of Pseudomonas, this genus seems to be the best suited for bioaugmentation purposes in South Africa. The presence of the nifH gene, the general marker gene of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in communities from unpolluted and polluted soils, was determined. It was hypothesised that bioremediation could be enhanced by nitrogen addition to polluted environments. Nested-PCR of the nifH gene was conducted on a diagnostic basis and was followed by DGGE of the product to determine the functional gene diversity within pollution-dwelling, nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms were present in all the soils sampled but, in only 80% of the pure cultures isolated from polluted and unpolluted soils and rhizospheres. Although different rhizospheres and pollutants were examined, it was found that of the polluted soils studied, most nifH gene diversity of polluted soils existed within machinery oil polluted, wood chip mulched, non-rhizosphere soil. Thus, it would appear that the more polluted the soil the higher the free microbe nitrogen fixation diversity possibly due to environmental stress.

Download or read book The Utilization of Bioremediation to Reduce Soil Contamination Problems and Solutions written by Václav Sasek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional reliance on chemical analysis to understand the direction and extent of treatment in a bioremediation process has been found to be inadequate. Whereas the goal of bioremediation is toxicity reduction, few direct, reliable measures of this process are as yet available. Another area of intense discussion is the assessment of market forces contributing to the acceptability of bioremediation. Finally, another important component is a series of lectures and lively exchanges devoted to practical applications of different bioremediation technologies. The range of subjects covers a wide spectrum, encompassing emerging technologies as well as actual, full-scale operations. Examples discussed include landfarming, biopiling, composting, phytoremediation and mycoremediation. Each technology is explored for its utility and capability to provide desired treatment goals. Advantages and limitations of each technology are discussed. The concept of natural attenuation is also critically evaluated since in some cases where time to remediation is not a significant factor, it may be an alternative to active bioremediation operations.

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria for Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degradation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isolation and Physiological Characterization of Two Chlorobenzoic Acid Degrading Bacteria from Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contaminated Soils written by Carlos Barreno Miguez and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Uptake of benzoic acid by BRI 3010 and BRI 6011 was inducible, exhibited saturation kinetics and the substrate was accumulated intracellularly against a concentration gradient by a factor of 8 and 10, respectively, indicative of active transport. Uptake of 2,4-DCBA by BRI 6011 was constitutive and saturation kinetics were not observed, suggesting passive diffusion of 2,4-DCBA and other CBAs into the cell down a concentration gradient." --

Download or read book Genetic Analyses of Microbial Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degradation in Natural and Engineered Systems written by Yi Liang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased abundance of the biphenyl dioxygenase gene, which is indicative of aerobic PCB degradation, and its transcript were observed after bioaugmentation, suggesting active aerobic PCB degradation. To promote the anaerobic PCB degradation, redox cycling (alternating flooding and non-flooding) was performed. Redox cycling was found to improve the removal of PCB 153 in unplanted soils and to increase the dechlorinating Chloroflexi population. Characterization of the microbial community by T-RFLP and clone library revealed that Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were dominant. Species that contain dechlorination potential were identified, including Geobacter and Clostridium, suggesting that their possible role in PCB dechlorination. The research described in this thesis provides scientific knowledge and evidence for the feasibility of employing bioremediation including natural attenuation, phytoremediation, and bioaugmentation to clean up PCB contamination. Such information will be critical in selecting and optimizing remediation strategies for PCB contaminated sites.

Download or read book Microbial Metabolism of Xenobiotic Compounds written by Pankaj Kumar Arora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xenobiotic compounds including pesticides, nitrophenols, pyridine, polycyclic aromatic compounds and polychlorinated biphenyls are widely spread in environment due to anthropogenic activities. Most of them are highly toxic to living beings due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Therefore, the removal of these compounds from environment is an essential step for environmental sustainability. Microbial remediation has emerged as an effective technology for degradation of these xenobiotic compounds as microorganisms have unique ability to utilize these compounds as their sole source of carbon and energy. The primary goal of this book is to provide detailed information of microbial degradation of many xenobiotic compounds in various microorganisms.

Download or read book Analysis of PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl Contaminated Soil Samples written by Sailaja Vallabha and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Isolation and Characterization of Polychlorinated Biphenyl PCB Degrading Bacteria Isolated from a PCB Contaminated Reservoir in Donna TX written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Diversity and Genetics of Biodegradation written by Kōki Horikoshi and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 50 years the number of artificial compounds in existence has increased exponentially. Compounds containing chlorine atoms, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid are extremely resistant to decomposition and have become major environmental problems. More recently, however, certain microorganisms have been discovered which can break down these compounds - a finding which offers attractive perspectives for eliminating environmental toxins biologically. This book presents the key results of an international research project on microbial evolution - a collaboration between research centers in the USA and Japan. Following an overview of basic knowledge and perspectives on microbial diversity and the genetics of biodegradation of aromatic compounds, the biochemistry of xenobiotic biodegradation is described in detail. Several chapters discuss microbial ecology and community structure while others consider evolutionary mechanisms and pathway diversity of 2,4-D and PCB degradation. Furthering the development of novel and improved methodologies for fighting environmental pollution, this book will be a valuable resource for microbiologists from both academia and industry.

Download or read book Recent Research Advances on Heavy Metals Microplastics Persistent Organic Pollutants and Solid Waste in Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Zhenming Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-25 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phytoremediation and Rhizoremediation written by Martina Mackova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-19 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents an excellent description of the hottest topics in the field of phyto- and rhizoremediation. The book shows especially the importance of cooperation between plant and microorganisms, there is practically no phytoremediation without rhizoremediation. Newest approaches based on methods of molecular biology and genetic engineering are described, as well as plant science achievements.

Download or read book Microbe Mediated Remediation of Environmental Contaminants written by Ajay Kumar and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-14 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbe Mediated Remediation of Environmental Contaminants presents recent scientific progress in applying microbes for environmental management. The book explores the current existing practical applications and provides information to help readers develop new practices and applications. Edited by recognized leaders in the field, this penetrating assessment of our progress to date in deploying microorganisms to the advantage of environmental management and biotechnology will be widely welcomed by those working in soil contamination management, agriculture, environment management, soil microbiology, and waste management. The polluting effects on the world around us of soil erosion, the unwanted migration of sediments, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the improper treatment of human and animal wastes have resulted in serious environmental and social problems around the world, problems which require us to look for solutions elsewhere than established physical and chemical technologies. Often the answer lies in hybrid applications in which microbial methods are combined with physical and chemical ones. When we remember that these highly effective microorganisms, cultured for a variety of applications, are but a tiny fraction of those to be found in the world around us, we realize the vastness of the untapped and beneficial potential of microorganisms. - Explores microbial application redressing for soil and water contamination challenges - Includes information on microbial synthesized nanomaterials for remediation of contaminated soils - Presents a uniquely hybrid approach, combining microbial interactions with other chemical and physical methods

Download or read book Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II written by Frans J. de Bruijn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-27 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The premiere two-volume reference on revelations from studying complex microbial communities in many distinct habitats Metagenomics is an emerging field that has changed the way microbiologists study microorganisms. It involves the genomic analysis of microorganisms by extraction and cloning of DNA from a group of microorganisms, or the direct use of the purified DNA or RNA for sequencing, which allows scientists to bypass the usual protocol of isolating and culturing individual microbial species. This method is now used in laboratories across the globe to study microorganism diversity and for isolating novel medical and industrial compounds. Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology is the first comprehensive two-volume reference to cover unculturable microorganisms in a large variety of habitats, which could not previously have been analyzed without metagenomic methodology. It features review articles as well as a large number of case studies, based largely on original publications and written by international experts. This second volume, Metagenomics in Different Habitats, covers such topics as: Viral genomes Metagenomics studies in a variety of habitats, including marine environments and lakes, soil, and human and animal digestive tracts Other habitats, including those involving microbiome diversity in human saliva and functional intestinal metagenomics; diversity of archaea in terrestrial hot springs; and microbial communities living at the surface of building stones Biodegradation Biocatalysts and natural products A special feature of this book is the highlighting of the databases and computer programs used in each study; they are listed along with their sites in order to facilitate the computer-assisted analysis of the vast amount of data generated by metagenomic studies. Such studies in a variety of habitats are described here, which present a large number of different system-dependent approaches in greatly differing habitats. Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II is an invaluable reference for researchers in metagenomics, microbial ecology, microbiology, and environmental microbiology; those working on the Human Microbiome Project; microbial geneticists; and professionals in molecular microbiology and bioinformatics.