Download or read book Characterization of Recycled PVC and Potential Application to the Medical Field written by Samuel York and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medical field is responsible for large volumes of plastic and non-plastic waste, to ensure sanitation. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a plastic that is commonly discarded from medical facilities that could be collected, if it was economically and technologically viable to recycle. PVC degradation can be dangerous, which is a large reason why it is not commonly recycled. This research looked into finding if the PVC was degrading in the processing step. Finding out whether degradation occurs is vital, as it determines if recycling PVC is a technological/gathering issue, or simply not viable. Virgin and regrind PVC samples were tested for heat flow via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectra via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosity via capillary rheometer, and molecular weight via gel permeation chromatography (GPC). From these tests, it was concluded that no degradation occurred in the processing of the PVC. This means that PVC recycling is possible; however, many steps still need to be made for it to occur.

Download or read book Safe Management of Wastes from Health care Activities written by Yves Chartier and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2014 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of the WHO handbook on the safe, sustainable and affordable management of health-care waste--commonly known as "the Blue Book". The original Blue Book was a comprehensive publication used widely in health-care centers and government agencies to assist in the adoption of national guidance. It also provided support to committed medical directors and managers to make improvements and presented practical information on waste-management techniques for medical staff and waste workers. It has been more than ten years since the first edition of the Blue Book. During the intervening period, the requirements on generators of health-care wastes have evolved and new methods have become available. Consequently, WHO recognized that it was an appropriate time to update the original text. The purpose of the second edition is to expand and update the practical information in the original Blue Book. The new Blue Book is designed to continue to be a source of impartial health-care information and guidance on safe waste-management practices. The editors' intention has been to keep the best of the original publication and supplement it with the latest relevant information. The audience for the Blue Book has expanded. Initially, the publication was intended for those directly involved in the creation and handling of health-care wastes: medical staff, health-care facility directors, ancillary health workers, infection-control officers and waste workers. This is no longer the situation. A wider range of people and organizations now have an active interest in the safe management of health-care wastes: regulators, policy-makers, development organizations, voluntary groups, environmental bodies, environmental health practitioners, advisers, researchers and students. They should also find the new Blue Book of benefit to their activities. Chapters 2 and 3 explain the various types of waste produced from health-care facilities, their typical characteristics and the hazards these wastes pose to patients, staff and the general environment. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the guiding regulatory principles for developing local or national approaches to tackling health-care waste management and transposing these into practical plans for regions and individual health-care facilities. Specific methods and technologies are described for waste minimization, segregation and treatment of health-care wastes in Chapters 6, 7 and 8. These chapters introduce the basic features of each technology and the operational and environmental characteristics required to be achieved, followed by information on the potential advantages and disadvantages of each system. To reflect concerns about the difficulties of handling health-care wastewaters, Chapter 9 is an expanded chapter with new guidance on the various sources of wastewater and wastewater treatment options for places not connected to central sewerage systems. Further chapters address issues on economics (Chapter 10), occupational safety (Chapter 11), hygiene and infection control (Chapter 12), and staff training and public awareness (Chapter 13). A wider range of information has been incorporated into this edition of the Blue Book, with the addition of two new chapters on health-care waste management in emergencies (Chapter 14) and an overview of the emerging issues of pandemics, drug-resistant pathogens, climate change and technology advances in medical techniques that will have to be accommodated by health-care waste systems in the future (Chapter 15).

Download or read book Polyvinylchloride based Blends written by Visakh P. M. and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes many of the recent research accomplishments in the area of polyvinylchloride (PVC)-based blends and their preparation, characterization and applications. Various sub-topics are addressed, such as the state-of-the-art of PVC based blends, new challenges and opportunities, emphasis being given to the types and sizes of components/fillers and optimum compositions of PVC blends, their processing and structure-properties relationships, modification/compatibilization methods, and possible applications. PVC/thermoplastic based nano, micro and macro blends, PVC membranes, bio-based plasticizers and PVC blends with components from renewable resources are reported. The various chapters in this book are contributed by prominent researchers from industry, academia and government/private research laboratories across the globe. It covers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations in the field of PVC-based blends.

Download or read book Industrial Applications of Renewable Plastics written by Michel Biron and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Applications of Renewable Plastics: Environmental, Technological, and Economic Advances provides practical information to help engineers and materials scientists deploy renewable plastics in the plastics market. It explores the uses, possibilities, and problems of renewable plastics and composites to assist in material selection and rejection. The designer’s main problems are examined, along with basic reminders that deal with structures and processing methods that can help those who are generally familiar with metals understand the unique properties of plastic materials. The book offers a candid overview of main issues, including conservation of fossil resources, geopolitical considerations, greenhouse effects, competition with food crops, deforestation, pollution, and disposal of renewable plastics. In addition, an overview of some tools related to sustainability (Life cycle assessments, CO2 emissions, carbon footprint, and more) is provided. The book is an essential resource for engineers and materials scientists involved in material selection, design, manufacturing, molding, fabrication, and other links in the supply chain of plastics. The material contained is of great relevance to many major industries, including automotive and transport, packaging, aeronautics, shipbuilding, industrial and military equipment, electrical and electronics, energy, and more. Provides key, enabling information for engineers and materials scientists looking to increase the use of renewable plastic materials in their work Presents practical guidance to assist in materials selection, processing methods, and applications development, particularly for designers more familiar with other materials, such as metals Includes a candid discussion of the pros and cons of using renewable plastics, considering the technical, economic, legal, and environmental aspects

Download or read book Seeking Sustainable Development on a Level Playing Field written by Mark Everard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-21 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Back Cover Copy Humans have exploited a huge diversity of materials throughout history. Today’s conflict between rising demands and dwindling resources raises searching questions about how optimally to meet humanity’s needs efficiently and safely, challenging common assumptions. Plastics support many facets of modern life yet raise associated problems, whilst ‘natural’ materials may be far from benign when inputs extending their longevity are considered. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is a plastic with adaptable, durable and other properties used in diverse construction, medical, information technology, domestic and many applications besides. However, PVC has faced significant NGO pressure relating to its chlorine content and the range of additives conferring desirable properties. Yet, unlike organochlorine pesticides, PVC plastic is inert and recyclable after providing long service life. This book is not ‘pro-PVC’, but draws on lessons learned from how the PVC value chain, particularly across Europe, has engaged with problems and made further progress under voluntary commitments to sustainable development. The book advocates a ‘level playing field’ of common sustainability principles for assessment of the benefits and risks of the use of all materials in the context of their incorporation within whole product life cycles, from raw material extraction to beyond end-of-life. The use of every material raises specific challenges, but also shares common problems arising from society’s legacy of wasteful, linear resource use. Activities surrounding the PVC value chain have generated novel ideas, assessment techniques and reconsideration of regulatory approaches relevant to sustainability assessment of the use of all materials in the context of whole product life cycles on a common ‘level playing field’, which best supports the meeting of the diversity of human needs in the safest and most efficient manner. This book is aimed at industry, regulatory and NGO audiences and influence on wider media.

Download or read book PVC waste treatment in the Nordic countries written by Anna Fråne and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the project was to map PVC waste streams in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland. The available estimates are made occasionally, mostly within the frames of different projects and are not based on any formalized official reporting system or other rigorous accounting scheme. Overall, a large part of PVC waste ends up in mixed waste fractions and is eventually treated in waste-to-energy plants. Landfilling of PVC waste is banned in two countries, but some exceptions exist. Norway is the only country that treats some PVC waste as hazardous waste. The current waste treatment situation in the four Nordic countries is driven by several factors, such as diverse origins of PVC products, some specifics of the Nordic market, rather low focus on PVC waste in policy strategies or plans, technical issues regarding incineration of PVC waste, and the lack of domestic recycling.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Polymer Nanocomposites Synthesis and Characterisation written by Sabu Thomas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-08-03 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the current state of the art, new challenges, opportunities, and applications in the area of polymer nanocomposites. Special attention has been paid to the processing-morphology-structure-property relationship of the system. Various unresolved issues and new challenges in the field of polymer nanocompostes are discussed. The infl

Download or read book Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles written by Sabu Thomas and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles provides an overview of PET chemistry, highlighting the main degradation, depolymerization processes and pathways of PET, along with the applications of recycled monomers derived from PET waste. The latest methodologies of recycling and feedstock recovery are covered, providing critical foundational information. In addition, the book discusses a range of established methods of polymer recycling, with an emphasis on real world industrial case studies and the latest academic research. Users will find in-depth lifecycle and cost analysis of each waste management method, comparing the suitability and feasibility of each to support the decision -making process. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is the most recycled plastic in the world, but still represents a significant amount of landfill waste. This book presents an update on new regulations, providing recommendations for new opportunities in this area, including new processing methods and applications for recycled PET. Features a comprehensive introduction to the waste management of PET bottles, from regulatory concerns, to the range of different methods of materials recovery Enables practitioners to choose the most efficient and effective waste management process Includes detailed lifecycle and cost analysis information Compares traditional thermal recycling methods with more recently developed monomer recovery and chemical recycling methods

Download or read book Handbook on Recycling and Disposal of Hospital Waste Municipal Solid Waste Biomedical Waste Plastic Waste written by NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers and published by NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES. This book was released on 2018-03-02 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste can be almost anything, including food, leaves, newspapers, bottles, construction debris, and chemicals from a factory, candy wrappers, disposable diapers, old cars, or radioactive materials. People have always produced waste, but as industry and technology have evolved and the human population has grown, waste management has become increasingly complex. Waste recycling involves the collection of waste materials and the separation and clean-up of those materials. Recycling waste means that fewer new products and consumables need to be produced, saving raw materials and reducing energy consumption. Waste reduction and recycling are very important elements of the local waste management framework. They help both to conserve natural resources and to reduce demand for valuable landfill space. The waste recycling services has become the one of the fastest growing industry. The growth of the waste recycling services is driven by the technology development for waste recycling. The waste management market is expected to be worth US$ 13.62 billion by 2025. Indian municipal solid waste (MSW) management market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.14% by 2025. India has planned to achieve a capacity of 2.9 million hospital beds by 2025 which will help bio medical waste management market to grow at a CAGR of 8.41%. The concern for bio medical waste management has been felt globally with the rise in infectious diseases and indiscriminate disposal of waste. It is to be understood that management of bio medical waste is an integral part of health care. There is a clear need for the current approach of waste disposal in India that is focussed on municipalities and uses high energy/high technology, to move more towards waste processing and waste recycling (that involves public private partnerships, aiming for eventual waste minimization driven at the community level, and using low energy/low technology resources. This book basically deals with characterization of Medical Waste, Medical Waste Data Collection Activities, Medical Waste Treatment Effectiveness, Gas Sterilization, Municipal Solid Waste, Bio-Medical Waste, Hospital Waste Incineration, Production, Use, and Disposal of Plastics and Plastic Products, Medical Waste Reuse, Recycling and Reduction, Disposal on Land, municipal and plastic waste management, Plastic Waste, incineration and number of recycling methods. The book is highly recommended to new entrepreneurs, existing units who wants to get more information of Waste Disposal & Recycling. 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Download or read book Marine Anthropogenic Litter written by Melanie Bergmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.

Download or read book Medical and Institutional Waste Incineration written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides information on technologies that could be applied to medical waste handling and disposal. Includes an overview of medical waste regulations and guidelines, a technical overview of medical waste management and treatment, incineration of medical waste, and designing and implementing waste management plans.

Download or read book Plastics in Medical Devices written by Vinny R. Sastri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-03-05 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No book has been published that gives a detailed description of all the types of plastic materials used in medical devices, the unique requirements that the materials need to comply with and the ways standard plastics can be modified to meet such needs. This book will start with an introduction to medical devices, their classification and some of the regulations (both US and global) that affect their design, production and sale. A couple of chapters will focus on all the requirements that plastics need to meet for medical device applications. The subsequent chapters describe the various types of plastic materials, their properties profiles, the advantages and disadvantages for medical device applications, the techniques by which their properties can be enhanced, and real-world examples of their use. Comparative tables will allow readers to find the right classes of materials suitable for their applications or new product development needs.

Download or read book Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Polymeric Products written by T. J. O'Neill and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review describes the process of life cycle analysis in some detail. It describes the different organisations involved in researching and applying these techniques and the database resources being used to generate comparative reports. The overview explains the factors to be considered, the terminology, the organisations involved in developing these techniques and the legislation which is driving the whole process forward. The ISO standards relating to environmental management are also discussed briefly in the document. Design for the environment is covered in the report. This review is accompanied by summaries of selected papers on life cycle analysis and environmental impact from the Rapra Polymer Library database.

Download or read book Applications of Modified Starches written by Emmanuel Flores Huicochea and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starch is the main source of energy to humans, but starch today has other roles in food, packing and pharmaceutical industries like filler, emulsion stabilizer, coating, etc. The native form of starch has application limitations on broad range of temperature, pH and stability, among others, required on several industrial applications. The alternative way is modified starch to improve its properties and uses on several industrial fields. The book explores the use of physical and, chemical modifications and even the unusual modification using ionizing radiation on several sources of starch, the effect of them on the properties and application fields of modified starch.

Download or read book Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes written by Jose Aguado and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of plastic materials has seen a massive increase in recent years, and generation of plastic wastes has grown proportionately. Recycling of these wastes to reduce landfill disposal is problematic due to the wide variation in properties and chemical composition among the different types of plastics. Feedstock recycling is one of the alternatives available for consideration, and Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes looks at the conversion of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals useful as fuels or raw materials. Looking at both scientific and technical aspects of the recycling developments, this book describes the alternatives available. Areas include chemical depolymerization, thermal processes, oxidation and hydrogenation. Besides conventional treatments, new technological approaches for the degradation of plastics, such as conversion under supercritical conditions and coprocessing with coal are discussed. This book is essential reading for those involved in plastic recycling, whether from an academic or industrial perspective. Consultants and government agencies will also find it immensely useful.

Download or read book Medical Plastics written by Robert C Portnoy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of plastics is widespread. Less widespread, however, is a clear understanding and examination of the many forms of degradation inherent within the very environments these materials must perform. Medical PlasticsùDegradation Resistance & Failure Analysis fills that void. The introductory chapter gives an overview of the medical applications of plastics and the specific performance requirements they need to meet. The following chapters discuss various degrading environments and their effects including environmental stress cracking, effect of body liquids, effect of harsh environments, and various methods of sterilization. The book also discusses the failure of medical devices due to contamination, low temperature, the effects of UV light, migration of formulation components, mechanical stresses, and problems with design and fabrication. Case histories of failures of some common products used in medicine are also provided.

Download or read book Functional Additives for the Plastics Industry written by Peter W. Dufton and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines both the technological and commercial aspects of the current and future uses of functional additives. Materials and applications their Processing and Applications the current supply situation and the key players in the market are discussed.