Download or read book Characterization of Novel Epigenetic Targets in Ovarian Cancer written by Zhi Qiang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Epigenetic Characterization of Ovarian Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this research was to identify genes that are aberrantly methylated in epithelial ovarian cancer. Our approach was to treat or mock treat primary normal or tumor cultured cells with drugs that inhibit DNA methyltransferase activity and then perform microarray analysis to identify genes that are likely to exhibit methylation-mediated silencing. We also employed similar analysis of 43 ovarian cell lines. Two major criteria identified genes likely to be methylated: maximum fold-change in expression following drug treatment, and a high standard deviation in expression among untreated cells. These criteria were validated using a gene set known to exhibit methylation in other cancers and led to prediction of a total of 360 methylated genes in ovarian cancer, among which 32 were validated. Genes involved in TGF-beta pathway activity were overrepresented among the candidates, and their methylation status was confirmed. Pathway activity was found to increase when DNA methyltransferase activity is inhibited, indicating coordinate epigenetic suppression of this pathway in ovarian cancer.

Download or read book Nautisk meteorologiske Observationer 1897 98 written by and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease

Download or read book The Metabolic Epigenetic Role of IDH1 In The Initiation And Progression Of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer written by Erika Dahl and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer and is composed of several histological subtypes. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common histosubtype, accounting for approximately 70% of all EOC diagnoses. Almost all HGSC patients have a mutation in TP53, which is an initiating factor in the hypothesized cell-type of origin, the fallopian tube fimbriae. In addition, 20% of HGSC patients have an amplification in the oncogene cyclin E1 (CCNE1), which canonically regulates the G1 to S-phase of the cell cycle. Due to the lack of symptoms and current screening methods, HGSC is typically diagnosed at late stages when it has disseminated from the fallopian tube and ovarian surface epithelium into the peritoneal cavity. Standard-of-care treatments for these patients include debulking surgery, which aims to remove visible tumor, and platinum and taxol-based chemotherapies. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently emerged as a novel therapeutic for women with homologous recombination pathway defects. Unfortunately, 75% of these patients will relapse with chemoresistant disease for which there are limited second-line therapies currently available. As metabolic adaptations are known to occur in cancer and can be specifically targeted, I aimed to identify and target metabolic vulnerabilities in HGSC as novel therapeutic strategies. I found that compared to normal fallopian tube (FT) cells, HGSC cells have increased TCA cycle enzymes and metabolites, suggesting that the TCA cycle may be a novel target for these ovarian cancers. Through further analysis, I identified wildtype isocitrate dehydrogenase I (wtIDH1) to be associated with poor HGSC progression-free survival. Therefore, I hypothesized that targeting wtIDH1 in HGSC may be a novel therapeutic for this patient population. wtIDH1 reversibly converts isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate ([alpha]KG), a co-substrate for several DNA and histone demethylases, which can effectively alter gene expression. I found that knockdown of wtIDH1 in HGSC cells depleted whole cell [alpha]KG pools. Decreased [alpha]KG availability increased repressive histone methylation at proliferation-promoting gene loci, which led to a stable cell cycle arrest, termed senescence, in vitro. These data suggest that wtIDH1 is necessary for HGSC proliferation and targeting wtIDH1 may be a pro-senescent therapeutic strategy. Additionally, cyclin E1 amplifications have been identified in FT lesions, suggesting they occur early in ovarian cancer initiation. Cyclin E1 amplifications are mutually exclusive for HR mutations and, therefore, are not sensitive to FDA-approved PARP inhibitors, a currently used therapeutic for HGSC patients. Oncogene activation typically induces senescence; however, it is hypothesized that these cells bypass senescence to progress into HGSC. I found a positive correlation between cyclin E1 and wtIDH1 in FT cells, HGSC cells, and patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Defects in HR are known to increase DNA damage in cells and are a hallmark of senescence. Knockdown of wtIDH1 exacerbated DNA damage markers and induced senescence of FT cells, suggesting it is in part necessary for cyclin E1-high FT proliferation. Knockdown of wtIDH1 in cyclin E1-high cells depleted expression of several HR genes, including Breast Cancer Susceptibility Type 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2). To determine whether reduced BRCA1/2 expression is due to epigenetic alterations, I performed histone proteomic screening and found an increase in repressive marks such as H3K9me2 and H4K20me2/3 upon wtIDH1 knockdown. It is well-known that tumors that are HR-deficient are hypersensitive to PARP inhibitors. Interestingly, combination treatment of wtIDH1 and PARP inhibitors increased cell death in vitro, suggesting that changes in HR gene expression due to wtIDH1 inhibition may sensitize these cells to PARP inhibitors. Altogether, these data suggest that wtIDH1 is necessary for proliferation of cyclin E1-high FT cells. Targeting wtIDH1 induces senescence, depletes HR gene expression, and may be a novel combinatorial strategy with PARP inhibitors. Together, these studies identified the critical role of wtIDH1 in the proliferation of HGSC and FT cells with high cyclin E1 expression. wtIDH1 was responsible for regulating key proliferation-promoting and HR genes. Future studies will determine whether inhibition of wtIDH1 alone or in combination with PARP inhibitors may lead to senescence or apoptosis, respectively, of ovarian cancer cells in vivo.

Download or read book The Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition EMT in Cancer written by Joëlle Roche and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Cancer" that was published in Cancers

Download or read book Systems Biology of Cancer written by Sam Thiagalingam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.

Download or read book Ovarian Cancers written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era of promising advances in cancer research, there are considerable and even alarming gaps in the fundamental knowledge and understanding of ovarian cancer. Researchers now know that ovarian cancer is not a single disease-several distinct subtypes exist with different origins, risk factors, genetic mutations, biological behaviors, and prognoses. However, persistent questions have impeded progress toward improving the prevention, early detection, treatment, and management of ovarian cancers. Failure to significantly improve morbidity and mortality during the past several decades is likely due to several factors, including the lack of research being performed by specific disease subtype, lack of definitive knowledge of the cell of origin and disease progression, and incomplete understanding of genetic and non-genetic risk factors. Ovarian Cancers examines the state of the science in ovarian cancer research, identifies key gaps in the evidence base and the challenges to addressing those gaps, considers opportunities for advancing ovarian cancer research, and examines avenues for translation and dissemination of new findings and communication of new information to patients and others. This study makes recommendations for public- and private-sector efforts that could facilitate progress in reducing the incidence of morbidity and mortality from ovarian cancers.

Download or read book Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Disorders written by Albert Altchek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-09-04 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated second edition of Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Disorders provides thorough, yet succinct insight into the ever-changing realm of ovarian disorders. It presents a novel multidisciplinary approach to the subject as described by clinicians, surgeons, pathologists, basic scientists and related medical researchers. Topics covered include reproductive technology, early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and management of menopause among others. The breadth of information provided by this book will appeal to clinicians and researchers involved in the study and treatment of ovarian disorders. KEY FEATURES* Includes updated information on early diagnosis of ovarian cancer* Reviews new diagnostic techniques for ovarian disorders* Discusses latest information on reproductive technology* Presents translational treatment linking laboratory research with clinical medicine

Download or read book Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer written by Michael Lübbert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing knowledge about disturbances of epigenetic gene regulation in hematopoietic stem cell disorders is now being translated into treatment approaches that target the epigenetic defects pharmacologically. This book first presents the latest evidence regarding the epigenetic regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and hemoglobin production. The significance of DNA methylation abnormalities in hematopoietic disorders and of epigenetic disturbances in lung cancer and other solid tumors is then discussed. A major part of the book, however, relates specifically to the translation of basic research and drug development to clinical applications, and in this context both present and future clinical strategies are considered. Individual chapters are devoted to the use of DNA hypomethylating agents and chromatin-modifying agents, and the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors by means of epigenetic agents is discussed in detail.

Download or read book Holland Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates

Download or read book Clinical Gynecology written by Eric J. Bieber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 1127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with the busy practice in mind, this book delivers clinically focused, evidence-based gynecology guidance in a quick-reference format. It explores etiology, screening, tests, diagnosis, and treatment for a full range of gynecologic health issues. The coverage includes the full range of gynecologic malignancies, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, infectious diseases, urogynecologic problems, gynecologic concerns in children and adolescents, and surgical interventions including minimally invasive surgical procedures. Information is easy to find and absorb owing to the extensive use of full-color diagrams, algorithms, and illustrations. The new edition has been expanded to include aspects of gynecology important in international and resource-poor settings.

Download or read book Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics written by Jose Luis Garcia-Gimenez and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-12-07 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic Biomarkers and Diagnostics comprises 31 chapters contributed by leading active researchers in basic and clinical epigenetics. The book begins with the basis of epigenetic mechanisms and descriptions of epigenetic biomarkers that can be used in clinical diagnostics and prognostics. It goes on to discuss classical methods and next generation sequencing-based technologies to discover and analyze epigenetic biomarkers. The book concludes with an account of DNA methylation, post-translational modifications and noncoding RNAs as the most promising biomarkers for cancer (i.e. breast, lung, colon, etc.), metabolic disorders (i.e. diabetes and obesity), autoimmune diseases, infertility, allergy, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders. The book describes the challenging aspects of research in epigenetics, and current findings regarding new epigenetic elements and modifiers, providing guidance for researchers interested in the most advanced technologies and tested biomarkers to be used in the clinical diagnosis or prognosis of disease. Focuses on recent progress in several areas of epigenetics, general concepts regarding epigenetics, and the future prospects of this discipline in clinical diagnostics and prognostics Describes the importance of the quality of samples and clinical associated data, and also the ethical issues for epigenetic diagnostics Discusses the advances in epigenomics technologies, including next-generation sequencing based tools and applications Expounds on the utility of epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases, highlighting the study of these biomarkers in cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, infertility, and infectious diseases Includes a special section that discusses the relevance of biobanks in the maintenance of high quality biosamples and clinical-associated data, and the relevance of the ethical aspects in epigenetic studies

Download or read book Epigenetics Methods written by Trygve Tollefsbol and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the field of epigenetics has grown significantly, driving new understanding of human developmental processes and disease expression, as well as advances in diagnostics and therapeutics. As the field of epigenetics continues to grow, methods and technologies have multiplied, resulting in a wide range of approaches and tools researchers might employ. Epigenetics Methods offers comprehensive instruction in methods, protocols, and experimental approaches applied in field of epigenetics. Here, across thirty-five chapters, specialists offer step-by-step overviews of methods used to study various epigenetic mechanisms, as employed in basic and translational research. Leading the reader from fundamental to more advanced methods, the book begins with thorough instruction in DNA methylation techniques and gene or locus-specific methylation analyses, followed by histone modification methods, chromatin evaluation, enzyme analyses of histone methylation, and studies of non-coding RNAs as epigenetic modulators. Recently developed techniques and technologies discussed include single-cell epigenomics, epigenetic editing, computational epigenetics, systems biology epigenetic methods, and forensic epigenetic approaches. Epigenetics methods currently in-development, and their implication for future research, are also considered in-depth. In addition, as with the wider life sciences, reproducibility across experiments, labs, and subdisciplines is a growing issue for epigenetics researchers. This volume provides consensus-driven methods instruction and overviews. Tollefsbol and contributing authors survey the range of existing methods; identify best practices, common themes, and challenges; and bring unity of approach to a diverse and ever-evolving field. Includes contributions by leading international investigators involved in epigenetic research and clinical and therapeutic application Integrates technology and translation with fundamental chapters on epigenetics methods, as well as chapters on more novel and advanced epigenetics methods Written at verbal and technical levels that can be understood by scientists and students alike Includes chapters on state-of-the-art techniques such as single-cell epigenomics, use of CRISPR/Cas9 for epigenetic editing, and epigenetics methods applied to forensics

Download or read book Ovarian Cancer written by Omer Devaja and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ovarian cancer management is a rapidly changing field with new treatment agents available as a result of a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. In addition, both surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment strategies are evolving to maximise response in this disease. This book brings together leading specialists from around the world to discuss and outline a variety of new concepts in ovarian cancer, ranging from molecular biology and genetics through screening to both surgical and chemotherapeutic management.

Download or read book DNA Methylation and Cancer Therapy written by Moshe Szyf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NA methylation has bewildered molecular biologists since Hotchkiss discovered it almost six decades ago (Hotchkiss RDJ. Biol Cem 1948; 175:315-332). The fact that the chemical structure of our D genome consists of two components that are covalently bound, the genetic information that is replicated by the DNA replication machinery ana DNA methylation that is maintainea by independent enzymatic machinery, has redictably stimulated the imagination and curiosity of generations of mo Edular biologists. An obvious question was whether DNA methylation was a bearer of additional information to the genetic information and what was the nature of this information? It was tempting to speculate that DNA me thylation applied some form of control over programming of the genome s expression profile. Once techniques to probe the methylation profile of whole genomes as well as specific genes became available, it became clear that DNA methylation patterns are gene and tissue specific and that patterns of gene expression correlate with patterns of methylation. DNA methylation pat terns emerged as the only component of the chemical structure of DNA that exhibited tissue and cell specificity. This data seemingly provided an attrac tively simple explanation for the longstanding dilemma of how could one identical genome manifest itself in so many different forms in multicellular organisms? The DNA methylation pattern has thus become the only known factor to confer upon DNA a unique cellular identity.

Download or read book Unravelling Cancer Signaling Pathways A Multidisciplinary Approach written by Kakoli Bose and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-25 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unravelling the intricate cell signalling networks and their significance in cancer poses major intellectual challenge. Keeping this in mind, the book aims at understanding the mechanism of action of different proteins and their complexes in the cancer signalling pathways. Hence, the proposed book that comprises 20 chapters provides a comprehensive introduction on cell signalling, its alterations in cancer, molecules that have been popular targets as well as the ones that are emerging as targets. In addition, it discusses different forms of therapy that are coming up for its treatment. Other than that, a major portion of the book is focused on studying different disciplines at the interface of biology and other areas of science that are being used to understand cancer biology in depth.