Download or read book Characterization of Coupled Transport Phenomena in Large format Lithium ion Batteries written by Howie N. Chu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Lithium ion Battery Cells and Packs for Electric Vehicles written by Satyam Panchal and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The greatest challenge in the production of future generation electric and hybrid vehicle (EV and HEV) technology is the control and management of operating temperatures and heat generation. Vehicle performance, reliability and ultimately consumer market adoption are dependent on the successful design of the thermal management system. In addition, accurate battery thermal models capable of predicting the behavior of lithium-ion batteries under various operating conditions are necessary. Therefore, this work presents the thermal characterization of a prismatic lithium-ion battery cell and pack comprised of LiFePO4 electrode material. Thermal characterization is performed via experiments that enable the development of an empirical battery thermal model. This work starts with the design and development of an apparatus to measure the surface temperature profiles, heat flux, and heat generation from a lithium-ion battery cell and pack at different discharge rates of 1C, 2C, 3C, and 4C and varying operating temperature/boundary conditions (BCs) of 5oC, 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C for water cooling and ~22°C for air cooling. For this, a large sized prismatic LiFePO4 battery is cooled by two cold plates and nineteen thermocouples and three heat flux sensors are applied to the battery at distributed locations. The experimental results show that the temperature distribution is greatly affected by both the discharge rate and BCs. The developed experimental facility can be used for the measurement of heat generation from any prismatic battery, regardless of chemistry. In addition, thermal images are obtained at different discharge rates to enable visualization of the temperature distribution. In the second part of the research, an empirical battery thermal model is developed at the above mentioned discharge rates and varying BCs based on the acquired data using a neural network approach. The simulated data from the developed model is validated with experimental data in terms of the discharge temperature, discharge voltage, heat flux profiles, and the rate of heat generation profile. It is noted that the lowest temperature is 7.11°C observed for 1C-5°C and the highest temperature is observed to be 41.11°C at the end of discharge for 4C-35°C for cell level testing. The proposed battery thermal model can be used for any kind of Lithium-ion battery. An example of this use is demonstrated by validating the thermal performance of a realistic drive cycle collected from an EV at different environment temperatures. In the third part of the research, an electrochemical battery thermal model is developed for a large sized prismatic lithium-ion battery under different C-rates. This model is based on the principles of transport phenomena, electrochemistry, and thermodynamics presented by coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in x, r, and t. The developed model is validated with an experimental data and IR imaging obtained for this particular battery. It is seen that the surface temperature increases faster at a higher discharge rate and a higher temperature distribution is noted near electrodes. In the fourth part of the research, temperature and velocity contours are studied using a computational approach for mini-channel cold plates used for a water cooled large sized prismatic lithium-ion battery at different C-rates and BCs. Computationally, a high-fidelity turbulence model is also developed using ANSYS Fluent for a mini-channel cold plate, and the simulated data are then validated with the experimental data for temperature profiles. The present results show that increased discharge rates and increased operating temperature results in increased temperature at the cold plates. In the last part of this research, a battery degradation model of a lithium-ion battery, using real world drive cycles collected from an EV, is presented. For this, a data logger is installed in the EV and real world drive cycle data are collected. The vehicle is driven in the province of Ontario, Canada, and several drive cycles were recorded over a three-month period. A Thevenin battery model is developed in MATLAB along with an empirical degradation model. The model is validated in terms of voltage and state of charge (SOC) for all collected drive cycles. The presented model closely estimates the profiles observed in the experimental data. Data collected from the drive cycles show that a 4.60% capacity fade occurred over 3 months of driving.

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Thermal Characterization of Lithium ion Batteries written by Khaled I. Alsharif and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized our everyday lives by laying the foundation for a wireless, interconnected and fossil-fuel-free society. Additionally, the demand for Li-ion batteries has seen a dramatic increase, as the automotive industry shifts up a gear in its transition to electric vehicles. To optimize the power and energy that can be delivered by a battery, it is necessary to predict the behavior of the cell under different loading conditions. However, electrochemical cells are complicated energy storage systems with nonlinear voltage dynamics. There is a need for accurate dynamic modeling of the battery system to predict behavior over time when discharging. The study conducted in this work develops an intuitive model for electrochemical cells based on a mechanical analogy. The mechanical analogy is based on a three degree of freedom spring-mass-damper system which is decomposed into modal coordinates that represent the overall discharge as well as the mass transport and the double layer effect of the electrochemical cell. The dynamic system is used to estimate the cells terminal voltage, open-circuit voltage and the mass transfer and boundary layer effects. The modal parameters are determined by minimizing the error between the experimental and simulated time responses. Also, these estimated parameters are coupled with a thermal model to predict the temperature profiles of the lithium-ion batteries. To capture the dynamic voltage and temperature responses, hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) tests are conducted with added thermocouples to measure temperature. The coupled model estimated the voltage and temperature responses at various discharge rates within 2.15% and 0.40% standard deviation of the error. Additionally, to validate the functionality of the developed dynamic battery model in a real system, a battery pack is constructed and integrated with a brushless DC motor (BLDC) and a load. Moreover, because of the unique pole orientation that a BLDC motor possesses, it puts a pulsing dynamic load on the battery pack of the system. HPPC testing was conducted on the cell that is used in the battery pack to calibrate the model parameters. After the battery model is calibrated, the rotation experiment is conducted at which a battery pack is used to drive a benchtop BLDC motor with a magnetorheological brake as a programable load at varying running speeds. The voltage and current of the battery and the BLDC motor driver are recorded. Meanwhile, the speed and the torque of the motor are recorded. These data are compared to the predicted voltage of the battery pack using the mechanical analogy model. The model estimated the voltage response of a battery pack within 0.0385% standard deviation of the error.

Download or read book Thermodynamic Characterization and Heat Generation of Fast charging Wadsley Roth Shear Phase Materials for Battery Application written by Sun Woong Baek and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation reviews and clarifies the fundamental thermodynamic relationships relevant to the interpretation of potentiometric entropy measurements on lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to gain insight into the physicochemical phenomena occurring during cycling. First, contributions from configurational, vibrational, and electronic excitations to the entropy ofan ideal intercalation compound used as a cathode in a battery system were analyzed. The results of this analysis were used to provide an interpretative guide of open circuit voltage Uocv(x, T) and entropic potential ∂Uocv(x, T)/∂T measurements to identify different mechanisms of intercalation, including (i) lithium intercalation as a homogeneous solid solution, (ii) ion ordering reactions from a homogeneous solid solution, (iii) first-order phase transitions involving a two-phase coexistence, and/or (iv) first-order phase transitions passing through a stable intermediate phase. These interpretations were illustrated with experimental data for different battery electrode materials including TiS2, LiCoO2, Li4/3Ti5/3O4, LiFePO4, and graphite electrodes with metallic lithium as the counter electrode. The systematic interpretation of Uocv(x, T) and ∂Uocv(x, T)/∂T can enhance other structural analysis techniques such as X-ray diffraction, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Thermal signatures associated with electrochemical and transport phenomena occurring in LIB systems were investigated by performing potentiometric entropy measurement and isothermal operando calorimetry on LIB systems. Here, LIB system consisting of electrodes made of TiNb2O7 and PNb9O25 were investigated. The potentiometric entropy measurements of TiNb2O7 and PNb9O25 featured signatures of intralayer ion ordering upon lithiation that could not be observed with in situ X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, entropy measurements also confirmed the semiconductor-to-metal transition taking place at PNb9O25 upon lithiation. Furthermore, isothermal operando calorimetry measurements indicated that the nature of heat generation was dominated by Joule heating, which sensitively changed as the conductivity of the electrode increased with increasing lithiation. The heat generation rate decreased at the TiNb2O7 and PNb9O25 electrode upon lithiation due to the decrease in electrical resistivity caused by the semiconductor-to-metal transition also observed in potentiometric entropy measurements. In addition, the time-averaged irreversible heat generation rate indicated that the electrical resistance of the lithium metal electrode was constant and independent of the state of charge while the electrical resistance of the PNb9O25 changedsignificantly with the state of charge. Moreover, calorimetry measurements have shown that the electrical energy losses were dissipated entirely in the form of heat. Furthermore, the enthalpy of mixing, obtained from operando calorimetry, is found to be small across the different degrees of lithiation, pointing to the high rate of lithium-ion diffusion at the origin of rapid rate performance of TiNb2O7 and PNb9O25. Moreover, the effect of particle size on the electrochemical performance and heat generation in LIB systems were investigated using two LIBs consisting of electrodes made of either(W0.2V0.8)3O7 nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method combined with freeze-drying or (W0.2V0.8)3O7 microparticles synthesized by solid-state method. Galvanostatic cycling confirmed that the electrode made of (W0.2V0.8)3O7 nanoparticles featured larger capacity and better retention at high C-rates than that made of the (W0.2V0.8)3O7 microparticles. Entropic potential measurements performed at slow C-rate indicated that both nanoparticles and microparticles underwent a semiconductor to metal transition, and nanoparticles underwent a two-phase coexistence region over a narrower range of composition. Operando calorimetry measurements at high C-rate established that the heat generation rate increased at the (W0.2V0.8)3O7 electrode upon lithiation due to an increase in charge transfer resistance regardless of particle size. Moreover, the time-averaged irreversible heat generation rate was slightly but systematically smaller at the electrode made of nanoparticles. Furthermore, the specific dissipated energy and the contribution from enthalpy of mixing caused by lithium concentration gradient was notably smaller for (W0.2V0.8)3O7 nanoparticles. These observations were attributed to the fact that nanoparticles were less electrically resistive and able to accommodate more lithium while lithium ion intercalation therein was more kinetically favorable.

Download or read book Lithium Batteries written by Subbarao Surampudi and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2000 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mechanical Behavior of Materials written by William F. Hosford and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a textbook on the mechanical behavior of materials for mechanical and materials engineering. It emphasizes quantitative problem solving. This new edition includes treatment of the effects of texture on properties and microstructure in Chapter 7, a new chapter (12) on discontinuous and inhomogeneous deformation, and treatment of foams in Chapter 21.

Download or read book Advances in Batteries for Medium and Large Scale Energy Storage written by C Menictas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As energy produced from renewable sources is increasingly integrated into the electricity grid, interest in energy storage technologies for grid stabilisation is growing. This book reviews advances in battery technologies and applications for medium and large-scale energy storage. Chapters address advances in nickel, sodium and lithium-based batteries. Other chapters review other emerging battery technologies such as metal-air batteries and flow batteries. The final section of the book discuses design considerations and applications of batteries in remote locations and for grid-scale storage. - Reviews advances in battery technologies and applications for medium and large-scale energy storage - Examines battery types, including zing-based, lithium-air and vanadium redox flow batteries - Analyses design issues and applications of these technologies

Download or read book Japanese Journal of Applied Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling Transport Phenomena in Porous Media with Applications written by Malay K. Das and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an ensemble of six major chapters, an introduction, and a closure on modeling transport phenomena in porous media with applications. Two of the six chapters explain the underlying theories, whereas the rest focus on new applications. Porous media transport is essentially a multi-scale process. Accordingly, the related theory described in the second and third chapters covers both continuum‐ and meso‐scale phenomena. Examining the continuum formulation imparts rigor to the empirical porous media models, while the mesoscopic model focuses on the physical processes within the pores. Porous media models are discussed in the context of a few important engineering applications. These include biomedical problems, gas hydrate reservoirs, regenerators, and fuel cells. The discussion reveals the strengths and weaknesses of existing models as well as future research directions.

Download or read book Laser Structuring of Graphite Anodes for Functionally Enhanced Lithium Ion Batteries written by Jan Bernd Habedank and published by utzverlag GmbH. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook Of Solid State Batteries Second Edition written by Nancy J Dudney and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 835 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid-state batteries hold the promise of providing energy storage with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities at high power densities, yet with far less safety issues relative to those associated with conventional liquid or gel-based lithium-ion batteries. Solid-state batteries are envisioned to be useful for a broad spectrum of energy storage applications, including powering automobiles and portable electronic devices, as well as stationary storage and load-leveling of renewably generated energy. This comprehensive handbook covers a wide range of topics related to solid-state batteries, including advanced enabling characterization techniques, fundamentals of solid-state systems, novel solid electrolyte systems, interfaces, cell-level studies, and three-dimensional architectures. It is directed at physicists, chemists, materials scientists, electrochemists, electrical engineers, battery technologists, and evaluators of present and future generations of power sources. This handbook serves as a reference text providing state-of-the-art reviews on solid-state battery technologies, as well as providing insights into likely future developments in the field. It is extensively annotated with comprehensive references useful to the student and practitioners in the field.

Download or read book Selected Proceedings from the 231st ECS Meeting written by Alkire and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 2056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermodynamics in Materials Science written by Robert DeHoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-13 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermodynamics in Materials Science, Second Edition is a clear presentation of how thermodynamic data is used to predict the behavior of a wide range of materials, a crucial component in the decision-making process for many materials science and engineering applications. This primary textbook accentuates the integration of principles, strategies, a

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Download or read book Batteries in a Portable World written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electrochemical Power Sources Fundamentals Systems and Applications written by Jürgen Garche and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-20 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety of Lithium Batteries describes how best to assure safety during all phases of the life of Lithium ion batteries (production, transport, use, and disposal). About 5 billion Li-ion cells are produced each year, predominantly for use in consumer electronics. This book describes how the high-energy density and outstanding performance of Li-ion batteries will result in a large increase in the production of Li-ion cells for electric drive train vehicle (xEV) and battery energy storage (BES or EES) purposes. The high-energy density of Li battery systems comes with special hazards related to the materials employed in these systems. The manufacturers of cells and batteries have strongly reduced the hazard probability by a number of measures. However, absolute safety of the Li system is not given as multiple incidents in consumer electronics have shown. - Presents the relationship between chemical and structure material properties and cell safety - Relates cell and battery design to safety as well as system operation parameters to safety - Outlines the influences of abuses on safety and the relationship to battery testing - Explores the limitations for transport and storage of cells and batteries - Includes recycling, disposal and second use of lithium ion batteries