Download or read book Characterization and Genetic Diversity of Rhizosphere and Symbiotic Bacteria Associated with TGx and Non TGx Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Genotypes written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assessed the diversity and phylogeny, and symbiotic effectiveness of indigenous/native rhizobia nodulating Tropical Glycine Cross and non-Tropical Glycine Cross soybean (Glycine max) genotypes in Mozambique and South Africa.
Download or read book Use of Molecular Markers Agronomical and Related Attributes on Diversity Analysis of Soybean Glycine Max Genotypes written by Keitumetse Kujane and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most important leguminous crops grown globally for food, oil and animal feed. It is undoubtedly of a great economic and social importance worldwide. Soybean provides about 64 percent of the world’s oilseed meal supply and is the major source of oil, accounting for about 28 percent of total production. Studies have revealed that South Africa is the leading producer of soybean in Africa and very few small-holder farmers practice soybean production. The characterisation of diverse soybean genotypes using agronomic, molecular markers and nutritional quality traits have not been fully utilised in order to achieve breeding, conservation and management goals. The objectives of the study were to: (i) determine the presence of genetic diversity among the soybean genotypes using agro-morphological traits; (ii) assess the level of genetic diversity present among the soybean genotypes using nutritional quality traits; and (iii) to determine the presence of genetic diversity among the soybean genotype making use of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Thirty soybean genotypes were randomly selected from the Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crop (ARC) gene bank and were grown in a growth chamber until they reached the 4th leaf stage. The leaves were then collected and freeze-dried, then subjected to genotyping using 20 polymorphic SSR markers. The SSR analysis revealed extensive variation among the soybean genotypes. The genotypes Santa Rosa and PR 165-52 had the closest distance (similarity), whereas B 66 S 31, 69 S 7 and R-5-4-2 M showed the highest dissimilarity index. The number and size of alleles rangedfrom 4 to 22bp and 2 to 33bp, respectively. The polymorphic information content (PIC) variedbetween 0.46 and 0.85; while the heterozygosity data points ranged between 0.50 and 0.87.The second trial was carried out with 30 single lines of soybean of 3m each in row lengthwere planted in a non-controlled environment and replicated 3 times using a completerandomized block design. The soybean genotypes were subjected to characterization usingagro-morphological traits. Principal component analysis revealed that the three mostimportant components contributed 21.3%, 14.9% and 9.1% to the total variation in the fieldtrial where 30 lines of soybean were evaluated for agro-morphological traits and nutritional quality. The traits that contributed most to the variation were pod weight before threshing, number of branches per plant, pod number per plant, and yield per plant. These were further analysed for nutritional quality using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR). The genotypes that had a higher protein and oil contents were Columbia M8A (37.54%) and B 66 S 256 (17.83%). Overall, the study found considerable levels of genetic variability among the soybean germplasm found at the Agricultural Research Council-Grain Crop gene bank using agro-morphological, SSR markers and nutritional quality traits. The selected lines should be useful for future breeding programmes while the knowledge of the genetic diversity can be used to direct efforts to conserve the diversity of soybean germplasm present locally and globally.
Download or read book Screening and Characterization of Soil and Rhizosphere Bacteria for Traits that Promote Early Soybean Growt written by A. J. Cattelan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding specifically how a particular species of bacteria is favored for growth in soybean rhizosphere will facilitate e better understanding of root colonization and competitiveness of rhizosphere organisms. This is crucial for the sucess of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation. We used fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis to identify bacteria in two different soils and in the rhizosphere of nodulating and mon-nodulating (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. 'Lee'. In a lightroom experiment, bacterial isolates from each soil and soybean rhizosphere were selected at 3, 6, and 15 days after planting. Of 1131 bacterial isolates examined, 572 (50.6%) were identified. The majority of the identified isolates were Bacillus (324 isolates), Pseudomonas (121 isolates), and Arthrobacter (48 isolates). Numbers of Bacillus spp. were lower in the rhizosphere of nodulating and non-nodulating soybean compared to root-free soil, and these lower numbers were usually offset by higher numbers of Gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas spp. From the 1131 isolates, 116 isolates were screened in vitro for a variety of PGPR traits which might increase early soybean growth. A subsample of 23 isolates, all but one of which was positive for one or more of these PGPR traits, was tested in soybean cv. 'Lee' grown in nonsterile soil. Six of eight isolates positive for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase production, four of sevem isolates positive for siderophore production, three of four isolates positive for B-1,3-glucanase production, and two of five isolates positive for P solubilization increased at least one aspect early soybean growth. One isolate, wich did not share any of PGPR traits tested in vitro except antagonism to S. rolfisii and S. sclerotiorum, also increased early soybean growth. All isolates that increased soybean growth, seven in total, were Pseudomonads spp. or Pseudomonas-like. One of 23 isolates increased nodule occupancy with strains of Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 31. Although the presence of a PGPR trait in vitro does not guarantee that a particular isolate is a PGPR, the results suggest that rhizobacteria able to produce ACC deaminase and, to a lesser extent, produce B-1,3 glucanase or siderophores or able to solubilize P in vitro, may increase early soybean growth in nosterile soil.
Download or read book Soybean Genetics Newsletter written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Diversity in a U S Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Germplasm Core Collection Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA RAPD Analysis written by Paul Nicholas McMahon and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Screening and Characterization of Soil and Rhizosphere Bacteria for Traits that Promote Early Soybean Growth written by Alexandre José Cattelan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although many studies have been conducted to identify the specific traits by which plant growth-promating rhizobacteria (PGPR) promote plant growth, few of these studies have been confirmed in nonsterile soil. We selected 116 isolates from the soil and rhizosphere of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and examined them for traits that might increase early soybean growth in nonsterile soil (PGPR traits). A subsample of 23 isolates, all but one of which tested positive for one or more of these PGPR traits, was further screened for traits associated with biocontrol, (brady) rhizobial inhibition, and rhizosphere competence. Six of eight isolates positive for 1-aminocyclopropane -1 -carboxylate (ACC, a precursor of ethylene) deaminase production, four of seven isolates positive for siderophore production, three of four isolates positive for B-1,3- glucanase production, and two of five isolates positive for P solubilization increased at least one aspect of early growth of soybean cv.'Lee'. One isolate, which did not share any of the PGPR traits tested in vitro except antogonism to S. rolfsii and S. sclerotiorum, also promoted soybean growth. One of the 23 isolates changed bradyrhizobial nodule occupancy. Although the presence of a PGPR trait in vitro does not guarantee that a particular isolate is a PGPR, the results suggest that rhizobacteria able to produce ACC deaminase and, to a lesser extent, produce B-1,3 glucanase siderophores or able to solubilize P in vitro, may increase early soybean growth in nosterile soil.
Download or read book Genetic and Environmental Components of Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Germination Under Cool Temperature Conditions written by David Walton Unander and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Soybean written by Kristin Bilyeu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-03 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition to human consumption, the soybean is a major protein source in animal feeds and is becoming a major crop for biodiesel production. For many decades, plant breeders have used conventional breeding techniques to improve soybeans, yet with increasing demand, there is a need for more sophisticated techniques. Combining traditional research with modern molecular investigations on soybean, this volume explores the recent advances in soybean genome mapping, molecular breeding, genome sequencing, and bioinformatics. The book is an important tool for soybean researchers as well as researchers working with other crop species.
Download or read book Studies on Variability Character Association and Genetic Diversity in Soybean Glycine Max L Merill written by KALAIMAGAL T and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enhanced Symbiotic Activity in the Rhizosphere of the Soybean Glycine Max L Merr in the Delmarva Region written by Bessie M. Green and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of Soybean written by Gary Stacey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-06-11 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean genomics is of great interest as one of the most economically important crops and a major food source. This book covers recent advances in soybean genome research, including classical, RFLP, SSR, and SNP markers; genomic and cDNA libraries; functional genomics platforms; genetic and physical maps; and gene expression profiles. The book is for researchers and students in plant genetics and genomics, plant biology and pathology, agronomy, and food sciences.
Download or read book Impact of Agricultural Management and Microbial Inoculation on Soybean glycine Max and Its Associated Microbiome written by Reid Longley and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean (Glycine max) is a globally important crop with uses as food, cooking oil livestock feed, and biodiesel. Soybean can be considered holobionts because they host diverse microbiomes which extend plant genotypes and phenotypes through various microbial functions such as nitrogen fixation and increased disease resistance. My research focused on assessing the impact of three agricultural management strategies on the soybean holobiont.Soybean cropping systems can be managed using various strategies, including conventional tillage, no-till, and organic management regimes. These management systems have been shown to impact the microbiomes of soybean-associated soils, however, their impacts on plant-associated microbiomes are still not well understood. In this study, I assessed the impact of conventional, no-till, and organic management treatments on soybean microbiomes at Michigan State's Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research site (KBS LTER). I found that management impacted microbiome composition and diversity in soil, roots, stems, and leaves and that this impact persisted throughout the season. Additionally, when comparing the same soybean genotype grown in conventional and no-till management systems, tillage regime impacted the microbiome throughout the plant and the growing season. This effect impacted microbial taxa which are likely to be plant beneficial, including nitrogen fixing Bradyrhizobium.Another important management tool that is expected to impact plant-associated microbial communities is the application of foliar fungicides. While fungicides are known to protect plants from particular fungal pathogens, non-target impacts of fungicides on crop microbiomes, and the impact of management on microbiome recovery are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, I assessed the impact of foliar fungicide application on the maize (Headline℗ʼ fungicide, 2017) and soybean (Delaro℗ʼ fungicide, 2018) microbiomes in conventional and no-till plots at the KBS LTER. I found that fungicide applications have a non-target impact on Tremellomycete yeasts in the phyllosphere and this impact was greater in soybean than maize. Co-occurrence network analysis and random forest modelling indicated that changes in fungal communities may lead to indirect impacts on prokaryotic communities in the phyllosphere. Importantly, this work demonstrated that phyllosphere communities of soybeans under no-till management had greater recovery from fungicide disturbance. This novel finding exemplifies how tillage regime can impact phyllosphere microbiomes and their responses to disturbance.Microbial inoculants in agriculture have long been used for biocontrol of pathogens, but there is also interest in their use to dampen the impacts of abiotic stress including drought. In this study, I tested whether inoculating soybeans with hub taxa identified through network analysis from no-till soybean root microbiome data from the KBS LTER could provide protection against water limitation. Soybean seedlings were enriched in consortia of hub bacteria and fungi and were grown in no-till field soil. Seedlings were then exposed to low-moisture stress, and plant phenotypes, plant gene expression, and amplicon sequencing of microbial DNA and cDNA were assessed throughout the stress period. Inoculation increased plant growth, nodule numbers, and led to increased expression of nodulation-associated genes. 16S sequencing of cDNA revealed higher levels Bradyrhizobium in inoculated samples. These results indicate that inoculation with hub microbes can benefit soybean plants, possibly through interaction with other microbes, interaction with the plant, or both. In summary, fungicide, tillage, and inoculation all impact the soybean microbiome, indicating that management choices impact the entire holobiont.
Download or read book Characterization of a Diverse USDA Collection of Wild Soybean glycine Soja Siebold Zucc Accessions and Subsequent Mapping for Seed Composition and Agronomic Traits in a RIL Population written by Thang Cao La and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relatively low genomic variation of current U.S. soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] cultivars constrains the improvement of grain yield, seed quality, and other agronomic traits within soybean breeding programs. Recently, a substantial effort has been undertaken to introduce novel genetic diversity present in wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.) into new elite cultivars, in both public and private applied soybean breeding programs. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the phenotypic diversity within a core collection of 80 G. soja plant introductions (PIs) in the United States Department of Agriculture National Genetic Resources Program that were collected in China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea, and to analyze the correlations between agronomic and seed composition traits. Field tests were conducted in Missouri and North Carolina during three years, 2013, 2014, and 2015, in a randomized complete block design (n=3). The phenotypic data collected included plant maturity date, seed weight, and the seed concentration of protein, oil, essential amino acid, fatty acid, and soluble carbohydrates. Analyzing the data from six environments, we found genotype was a significant (p
Download or read book Characterization of Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity Through Years of Selection in Two Public Soybean Breeding Programs written by Robert Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recurring issue in plant breeding is the narrowing of genetic diversity through continued selections by plant breeders to produce new cultivars. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the genetic and phenotypic diversity of two University of Guelph soybean breeding programs to characterize selections over decades of breeding. To study the genetic and phenotypic diversity of both University of Guelph soybean breeding programs, a panel of 296 pedigree-related genotypes from 1907 to 2016 was studied, the University of Guelph Germplasm Panel (UGGP). The genotypes were characterized using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) resulting in 40,307 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and fragment sequencing resulting in 180 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The markers were analyzed to determine differences between the two breeding programs and historical genotypes. The Guelph germplasm had overlap with historical genotypes, while the Ridgetown germplasm did not show the same pattern. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay was found with R2=0.2 at a distance of 600 kb genome-wide. Sliding window nucleotide diversity analysis found multiple genomic regions with differing patterns of low diversity between the groups of germplasm studied, which may attributable to breeder selection or crop domestication. One hundred and eighty Guelph and 96 Ridgetown genotypes were field-tested across multiple locations in 2015 and 2016 to identify trends in phenotypes over decades of soybean breeding. Some of the overall trends reported include: increasing oil concentration, increasing yield and decreasing linolenic acid concentration over year of release. In general, experimental germplasm had a wider range for the traits measured than other genotypes. Broad-sense heritability (H2) was high for many agronomic and seed traits in the UGGP genotypes. Analyzing the cost of SSR and SNP markers revealed SNPs markers being cheaper than SSRs to implement in a breeding program. Conversely, SSRs were used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) due to ease-of-use and short assay time. Overall, this thesis provides a baseline for the genetic and phenotypic diversity studies of soybean breeding programs, with the aim of assessing the genotypic and phenotypic changes in the germplasm. The findings in this thesis could be used by breeders to improve soybean breeding efforts.
Download or read book Impacts of Bradyrhizobium Inoculants on Growth and Yield of Tropical Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Cultivars Soil Health and Soil Microbiome written by KorblaEdwin Akley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial inoculation of grain legumes improves crop yield and soil quality. Grain legumes such as soybean as requires host specific Brayrhizobium japonicum to enhance growth, nitrogen fixation, and grain yield. However, limited information exists on how commercial Bradyrhizobium inoculants affect symbiotic plant performance and yield of soybean, and as well as soil health in Ghana's cropping systems. A field study (2-yr) was conducted at CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute's experimental field at Nyankpala, Ghana to determine the impacts of Bradyrhizobium inoculants on; (1) growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, grain yield of soybean, and (2) soil biological and chemical properties. We also evaluated the commercial inoculants effects on the subsequent maize and soybean crops. The experiment was laid out as a split-plot design where the main plot consisted of tropical soybean (Glycine max crosses (TGX)) varieties; Jenguma (TGX1448-2E), Afayak (TGX1834-5E), and Songda (TGX 1445-3E). The subplot consisted of three commercial Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculants with different strains, Biofix (USDA 110), NoduMax (USDA 110) and Legumefix (USDA 532c) plus an uninoculated control. Assessment was made on nodulation pattern, shoot biomass, nitrogen fixation, grain yield, and residual N balance. Bulk and rhizosphere soils were sampled and analyzed for soil pH, available soil N (NO3-N and NH4+-N) and P, and soil microbial community structure by phospholipids fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Inoculants improved nodulation, shoot biomass, nitrogen fixation and grain yield of soybean. Greater responses were associated with NoduMax and Biofix. Inoculation increased grain yield by ~30 %. Commercial inoculants also increased microbial biomass, and available P and NH4+-N. Afayak outperformed the other soybean varieties for biomass dry matter, nodulation (nodule number) and grain yield. Afayak also stimulated greater microbial biomass and available P compared to Jenguma. Furthermore, enhance microbial biomass was found in the rhizosphere compared to the bulk soil due to soil enrichment with root exudate and commercial inoculants. In assessing, the previous year commercial inoculants effect on the subsequent soybean and maize crops, three (3) independent mineral N fertilizer rates (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha-1) were added to the soybean-maize rotation phase. Biofix yielded superior maize shoot dry matter and grain yield. Maize grain yield from previous commercial inoculants was equivalent to grain yield from 50 kg N ha-1mineral N fertilizer ). Thus inoculating soybean with commercial inoculants reduced mineral N nutrition for the subsequent maize crop by 50%. In the soybean-soybean phase, the previous Biofix and the uninoculated control produced significant soybean grain yield than the previous NoduMax. In conclusion, TGX soybean varieties exhibited superior performance when inoculated with commercial inoculants especially Biofix and NoduMax. However yearly inoculation of soybean is needed to sustain enhanced grain yield and soil quality in Northern Ghana.
Download or read book Evaluation and Genetic Analysis of Two Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Recombinant Inbred Line Populations Segregating for Resistance to Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Incognita written by Drew Wright and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most economically important pathogens of US soybeans is the Southern Root Knot Nematode [(Meloidogyne incognita ) (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] (Mi). Evaluation and identification of resistance is highly important to the plant breeding program at SIUC. The main objective of this study was to screen within the greenhouse two F5:7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) (n =96) from crosses between LS90-1920 or LS97-1610 (resistant parents) with 'Spencer' (susceptible parent) to identify sources of resistance for Mi. Additionally, the RILs were evaluated in two locations in southern Illinois (Harrisburg and Dowell) in 2011 for several agronomic characteristics including yield performance. The phenotypic data collected from field and greenhouse experiments was used to select for superior lines within the two populations. The screening data was also used to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with Mi resistance. Initial screening of the 5,361 SNP markers indicated four SNP markers (ss247062763, ss247064854, ss247077423 and ss247067293) highly associated with resistance to Mi. The results will help accelerating selection practices, and have provided high yielding resistant lines for the creation of resistant commercial varieties.
Download or read book Relationships Among Plant Characters in Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Genotypes with Different Seed Sizes written by Kenji Sakai and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
