Download or read book Characterization and Applications of Hybrid CMOS Detectors in X ray Astronomy written by Stephen Bongiorno and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization and Development of an Event Driven Hybrid CMOS X ray Detector written by Christopher Griffith and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid CMOS detectors (HCD) have provided great benefit to the infrared and optical fields of astronomy, and they are poised to do the same for X-ray astronomy. Infrared HCDs have already flown on the Hubble Space Telescope and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission and are slated to fly on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Hybrid CMOS X-ray detectors offer low susceptibility to radiation damage, low power consumption, and fast readout time to avoid pile-up. The fast readout time is necessary for future high throughput X-ray missions. The Speedster-EXD X-ray HCD presented in this dissertation offers new in-pixel features and reduces known noise sources seen on previous generation HCDs. The Speedster-EXD detector makes a great step forward in the development of these detectors for future space missions.This dissertation begins with an overview of future X-ray space mission concepts and their detector requirements. The background on the physics of semiconductor devices and an explanation of the detection of X-rays with these devices will be discussed followed by a discussion on CCDs and CMOS detectors. Next, hybrid CMOS X-ray detectors will be explained including their advantages and disadvantages. The Speedster-EXD detector and its new features will be outlined including its ability to only read out pixels which contain X-ray events. Test stand design and construction for the Speedster-EXD detector is outlined and the characterization of each parameter on two Speedster-EXD detectors is detailed including read noise, dark current, interpixel capacitance crosstalk (IPC), and energy resolution. Gain variation is also characterized, and a Monte Carlo simulation of its impact on energy resolution is described. This analysis shows that its effect can be successfully nullified with proper calibration, which would be important for a flight mission. Appendix B contains a study of the extreme tidal disruption event, Swift J1644+57, to search for periodicities in its X-ray light curve.

Download or read book X ray Photon Processing Detectors written by Conny Hansson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of hybrid pixelated detectors for X-ray imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications, with an in-depth review of the research topics conducted at leading research institutions in the world. The conversion of the X-ray signal into an analogue/digital value is discussed, as well as a review of CMOS chips used for X-ray image sensors. Applications of hybrid pixel detectors are discussed, such as medical imaging, high energy physics, space, non-destructive testing and security. Provides coverage of a broad range of topics, from international experts in academia and industry; Includes in-depth analysis of how to optimize X-ray detection and electronics for X-ray detection; Covers both technology and applications in a number of different domains.

Download or read book Hybrid CMOS Sipin Detectors as Astronomical Imagers written by Lance Michael Simms and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific Detectors for Astronomy 2005 written by Jenna E. Beletic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-14 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2005 meeting in Taormina, Italy was attended by 127 professionals who develop and use the highest quality detectors for wavelengths from x-ray to sub-mm, with emphasis on optical and infrared detectors. The meeting consisted of overview talks, technical presentations, poster sessions and roundtable discussions. These proceedings capture the technical content and the spirit of the 2005 workshop. The 87 papers cover a wide range of detector technologies including CCDs, CMOS, APDs, and sub-mm detectors. There are papers on observatory status and plans, special applications, detector testing and characterization, and electronics. A special feature of these proceedings is the inclusion of pedagogical overview papers, which were written by teams of leading experts from different institutions. These proceedings are appropriate for a range of expertise levels, from undergraduates to professionals working in the field. The information presented in this book will serve as a valuable reference for many years to come. This workshop was organized by the Scientific Workshop Factory, Inc. and the INAF- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania.

Download or read book Initial Lab and Sky Test Results for the Teledyne Imaging System s H4RG 10 CMOS hybrid 4k Visible Array for Use in Ground and Space based Astronomical and SSA Applications written by Bryan N. Dorland and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report on the first set of laboratory and telescope tests of the Teledyne Imaging System's (TIS) H4RG-10 CMOS-Hybrid visible focal plane array (FPA). This family of detectors has been chosen as the baseline for USNO's proposed J-MAPS space astrometry mission to close a number of capability gaps. While this FPA has been designed for precision astrometry, it has potentially significant Space Situational Awareness (SSA) applications. Because of the hybrid design, which consists of separate readout and detector layers connected by Indium bump-bonds, this FPA has the readout flexibility of advanced CMOS readout integrated circuits (ROICs), including non-destructive readout, random access windowing and selective reset, and near-CCD performance in terms of fill factor, quantum efficiency, read noise and dark current. Our laboratory testing, performed at Goddard Space Flight Center's Detector Characterization Lab, includes measures of absolute spectral quantum efficiency, flat-field response uniformity, read noise, dark current as a function of operating temperature, inter-pixel crosstalk, and persistence. Sky testing, performed at Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station, consists of astrometric and photometric performance characterization. We discuss implications for the use of this detector in future ground- and space-based astrometric, astronomical and SSA applications.

Download or read book Characterization of a Single Photon Sensing and Photon Number Resolving CMOS Detector for Astrophysics written by Justin P. Gallagher and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Next-generation NASA missions, such as the LUVIOR and HabEx concepts, require single photon counting large-format detectors. Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) have typically been used for optical applications in similar flagship missions of the past. CCDs have excellent properties in most metrics but have their own challenges for single photon counting applications. First, typical CCDs have a read noise of a few electrons, although recent modifications (EMCCDs) use an on-chip gain to amplify the signal above the read noise. Secondly, the signal is carried by charge that is transferred across the detector array. While CCDs for NASA missions are carefully fabricated to minimize defects, continuous bombardment from high energy radiation in space will damage the detector over the lifetime of the mission. This will degrade the charge transfer efficiency and in turn, reduce the single photon counting ability of the CCD. CMOS devices offer a different architecture that mitigates some of these problems. In CMOS image sensors, each pixel has its own charge to voltage converter and in-pixel amplifier mitigating issues found with charge transfer efficiency. Additional circuits that are critical to operation of the sensor can be incorporated on chip allowing for a parallel readout architecture that increases frame rate and can decrease read noise. This thesis is a collection of work for the characterization of a room temperature characterization, low-noise, single photon counting and photon number resolving CMOS detector. The work performed in this thesis will provide the framework for a technology development project funded by NASA Cosmic Origins (COR) program office. At the end of the two-year project, a megapixel CMOS focal plane array will be demonstrated to satisfy the stated needs of the LUVOIR and HabEx future astrophysics space mission concepts with a launch date near the 2040s."--Abstract.

Download or read book Characterization of CMOS Sensors for Particle Physics Applications written by Patrick Freeman and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of High Resolution Imaging Detectors for X Ray Astronomy written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report summarizes our past activities and discusses the work performed over the period of 1 April 1990 through 1 April 1991 on x-ray optics, soft x-ray (0.1 - 10 KeV) imaging detectors, and hard x-ray (10 - 300 KeV) imaging detectors. If microchannel plates (MCPs) can be used to focus x-rays with a high efficiency and good angular resolution, they will revolutionize the field of x-ray optics. An x-ray image of a point source through an array of square MCP pores compared favorably with our ray tracing model for the MCP. Initial analysis of this image demonstrates the feasibility of MCPs for soft x-rays. Our work continues with optimizing the performance of our soft x-ray MCP imaging detectors. This work involves readout technology that should provide improved MCP readout devices (thin film crossed grid, curved, and resistive sheets), defect removal in MCPs, and photocathode optimization. In the area of hard x-ray detector development we have developed two different techniques for producing a CsI photocathode thickness of 10 to 100 microns, such that it is thick enough to absorb the high energy x-rays and still allow the photoelectrons to escape to the top MCP of a modified soft x-ray imaging detector. The methods involve vacuum depositing a thick film of CsI on a strong back, and producing a converter device that takes the place of the photocathode. Murray, S. S. and Schwartz, D. A. NASA-CR-193653, NAS 1.26:193653 NAG5-605...

Download or read book High Energy Optical and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy II written by David A. Dorn and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2006 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.

Download or read book Measuring the Energy Resolution of the Novel Speedster EXD550 X Ray Hybrid CMOS Detector written by Hannah Grzybowski and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speedster-EXD550 hybrid CMOS detectors (HCDs) implement event-driven readout, enabling only those pixels with X-rays to be readout and dramatically increasing the effective readout speeds. In this work, we optimize and characterize detector performance of the Speedster-EXD550, particularly the energy resolution in preparation for use in future missions, including the upcoming BlackCAT CubeSat. BlackCAT is a NASA CubeSat mission using an array of four Speedster- EXD550 hybrid CMOS detectors (HCDs). The purpose of this mission is to search for high- redshift gamma-ray bursts and other high-energy transients.

Download or read book Comparison of CCD CMOS and Hybrid Pixel X ray Detectors Detection Principle and Data Quality written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Application of an EMCCD Camera for Calibration of Hard X Ray Telescopes written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent technological innovations now make it feasible to construct hard x-ray telescopes for space-based astronomical missions. Focusing optics are capable of improving the sensitivity in the energy range above 10 keV by orders of magnitude compared to previously used instruments. The last decade has seen focusing optics developed for balloon experiments and they will soon be implemented in approved space missions such as the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and ASTRO-H. The full characterization of x-ray optics for astrophysical and solar imaging missions, including measurement of the point spread function (PSF) as well as scattering and reflectivity properties of substrate coatings, requires a very high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, photon counting and energy discriminating, large area detector. Novel back-thinned Electron Multiplying Charge-Coupled Devices (EMCCDs) are highly suitable detectors for ground-based calibrations. Their chip can be optically coupled to a microcolumnar CsI(Tl) scintillator via a fiberoptic taper. Not only does this device exhibit low noise and high spatial resolution inherent to CCDs, but the EMCCD is also able to handle high frame rates due to its controllable internal gain. Additionally, thick CsI(Tl) yields high detection efficiency for x-rays. This type of detector has already proven to be a unique device very suitable for calibrations in astrophysics: such a camera was used to support the characterization of the performance for all NuSTAR optics. Further optimization will enable similar cameras to be improved and used to calibrate x-ray telescopes for future space missions. In this paper, we discuss the advantages of using an EMCCD to calibrate hard x-ray optics. We will illustrate the promising features of this detector solution using examples of data obtained during the ground calibration of the NuSTAR telescopes performed at Columbia University during 2010/2011. Finally, we give an outlook on ongoing development and optimizations, such as the use of single photon counting mode to enhance spectral resolution.

Download or read book Characterizing the Dark Current of Two Novel Speedster EXD 550 Detectors written by Evan Jennerjahn and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For space-based X-ray applications, silicon hybrid CMOS detectors (HCDs) offer many advantages over CCDs, such as faster readout rates and in-pixel circuitry. Achieving low noise in X-ray applications of HCDs helps to achieve better energy resolution, so understanding their dark current and read noise is a high priority. Dark current is temperature dependent, so cooling the detector is the best way to minimize its effects. Cooling detectors is costly for CubeSats, so it is important to characterize dark current at the temperatures the detectors will see in orbit. The BlackCAT Cube- Sat is a Coded Aperture Telescope that will search the soft X-ray sky for high-energy astronomical transients. It is a 6U CubeSat mission using an array of four Speedster-EXD550 X-ray HCDs. Here, we analyze the dark current of 2 Speedster-EXD550s.

Download or read book Noise Characterization of a CMOS X ray Image Sensor written by Yi Jie Liang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to validate the noise performance of a high resolution CMOS X-ray imager. We carry out a detailed noise analysis on a four-quadrant CMOS imager and the external hardware. Careful analysis reveals several design issues on the printed circuit board (PCB). We propose solutions to improve the PCB design. Experimental results show the modified system outperforms the original one with a sizable margin.

Download or read book Improvements to MOS CCD Technology for Future X ray Astronomy Missions written by Neil John Murray and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is concerned with the development of MOS charge-coupled device (CCD) technology for future applications in X-ray astronomy. Of particular interest is increased detection efficiency of high energy X-ray photons and increased pixel readout speed for large area sensors. Chapter 2 reviews the generation of X-rays, methods for extra-terrestrial X-ray observations, detectors and provides an overview of X-ray astronomy missions. Chapter 3 discusses the CCD and introduces some of the recent technological developments that improve their overall performance for optical and X-ray photon detection. Chapter 4 presents the basic laboratory equipment and methods used to carry out the experimental work of this thesis. Chapter 5 presents the characterisation of new high resistivity devices that were manufactured by e2v technologies during the work of this thesis. Chapter 6 describes a method for estimating the depletion depth of a CCD by analysing the X-ray event patterns that are generated in CCD image data. Chapter 7 presents the equipment developed and experimental measurements taken to evaluate the high energy X-ray quantum efficiency of a high resistivity CCD. Finally, Chapter 8 describes the ongoing development and characterisation of low noise ASICs that are intended for use in future X-ray astronomy missions.

Download or read book Handbook of X ray and Gamma ray Astrophysics written by Cosimo Bambi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 5912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: