Download or read book Challenges and Emerging Issues on Firefighter s Toxic Chemical Exposure Smoke Chemicals Contaminated PPE and Off gassing written by Guowen Song and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-02 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic chemicals, either from fire ground combustion, contaminated PPE, or off-gassing from PPE material and chemical finishing have become the leading concern for the long-term health of firefighters. Exposure to fine smoke particles and toxic chemicals released from fire scenes can result in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other pathological diseases, and minimizing this exposure has become a health priority for the firefighter. Firefighters face exposure to smoke at fire grounds and to contaminants in fire stations, vehicles, and even their homes because of resuspended fine particles or released volatile chemicals from contaminated PPE.
Download or read book Health Hazard Manual for Firefighters written by Nellie J. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1991* with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Testing and Analysis on the Decontamination of Firefighting Protective Clothing and Equipment written by Jeffrey O. Stull and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Firefighters are routinely exposed to thermal, chemical, biological, and physical hazards. The risk of exposure to thermal and physical hazards is limited to the fireground; however, the potential for exposure to chemical and biological hazards continues until contaminated clothing has been effectively decontaminated. This study characterized clothing contamination levels in retired firefighter turnout gear and evaluated the effectiveness of current laundering practices in decontaminating this protective clothing under a variety of circumstances. The study also addressed the effects of multiple cleanings on selected firefighter protective clothing properties. This research was conducted in two parts. The original work in this study was performed under Contract No. EMW-92-C-3987 completed in 1996. A number of significant findings resulted from this original research; however, there were additional questions raised by this study and a series of recommendations for follow-on work. The subject contract involved a series of investigations supplementing the original research and the consolidation of all findings into a comprehensive report on the subject of firefighter protective clothing contamination and decontamination. Retired turnout coats, destructively evaluated using solvent extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for organic chemicals and digestion with atomic absorption for inorganic chemicals, showed a variety of hazardous chemical contaminants, some of which were present at relatively high concentrations. Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, known to be carcinogenic, were found in the used clothing. The relative effectiveness of seven laundering techniques for removing chemical contaminants was determined against five materials using a technique to reproducibly contaminate and evaluate contaminant levels with six target chemicals. Under these test conditions, dry cleaning was found to be the most efficient process for removing target contaminants; however, dry cleaning is currently not an acceptable process because of its effects on the clothing. There were no large differences in the decontamination efficiency among conventional laundering techniques, but subsequent forced air circulation (or aeration) greatly improved their effectiveness in removing additional contamination. Additional research showed forced air circulation to provide benefits for removing some chemical substances from contaminated clothing. Similar investigations were carried out for the removal of visible blood and inactivation of microorganisms. This study showed varied effectiveness for blood removal based on the material more than the cleaning technique. Testing for removal of microorganisms confirmed higher wash temperatures as more effective. The effects of several cycles of laundering procedures on clothing and material performance properties were evaluated. The most significant changes were noted for the barrier properties of the moisture barrier seams (for one material) and the water absorption resistance of the outer shell materials. Work from this study contributed to end user guidelines being developed by the NFPA for standardizing cleaning and decontamination of structural fire fighting protective clothing.
Download or read book Emergency Response Guidebook written by U.S. Department of Transportation and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does the identification number 60 indicate a toxic substance or a flammable solid, in the molten state at an elevated temperature? Does the identification number 1035 indicate ethane or butane? What is the difference between natural gas transmission pipelines and natural gas distribution pipelines? If you came upon an overturned truck on the highway that was leaking, would you be able to identify if it was hazardous and know what steps to take? Questions like these and more are answered in the Emergency Response Guidebook. Learn how to identify symbols for and vehicles carrying toxic, flammable, explosive, radioactive, or otherwise harmful substances and how to respond once an incident involving those substances has been identified. Always be prepared in situations that are unfamiliar and dangerous and know how to rectify them. Keeping this guide around at all times will ensure that, if you were to come upon a transportation situation involving hazardous substances or dangerous goods, you will be able to help keep others and yourself out of danger. With color-coded pages for quick and easy reference, this is the official manual used by first responders in the United States and Canada for transportation incidents involving dangerous goods or hazardous materials.
Download or read book Minimizing Employee Exposure to Toxic Chemical Releases written by Ralph W. Plummer and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1987-12-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to collect data and information from a sample of chemical manufacturing facilities and facilities which use chemicals in other processes to determine what kinds of procedures are currently in practice and to develop a set of recommended procedures which can be used to minimize the possibility of toxic chemical releases. In order to accomplish this task, the authors developed a methodology for collecting data and information concerning procedures currently being practiced to eliminate or reduce toxic chemical spills and releases. In essence, this approach divides the project into three phases: what kinds of procedures are currently being used by the chemical industry and other facilities which use toxic chemicals; what type of toxic chemical release accidents and injuries occur in these facilities; finally, how can this information be integrated into a set of recommended procedures which will decrease the likelihood of a toxic chemical release and, if one does occur, will minimize the exposure and severity of exposure to employees. This report describes both the metholodogy used and the results of its application to the chemical industry. This report provides data collected from fifteen chemical plants and facilities which use toxic chemicals.
Download or read book Frameworks for Protecting Workers and the Public from Inhalation Hazards written by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2022-11-10 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals in the United States and Americans abroad are exposed to inhalation hazards from a variety of sources, and these hazards can have both short- and long-term adverse effects on health. For example, exposure to wildfire smoke, which contains particulate matter and toxic chemicals, can lead to respiratory problems, increased risk for heart attacks, and other adverse health outcomes. Individuals also may be exposed to airborne infectious agents through aerosol or droplet transmission, and as demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the individual and public health consequences of these exposures can be severe. Storms, floods, and hurricanes can increase exposure to moisture-driven hazards, such as mold, and to accidental releases from production facilities or transport vehicles that may result in chemical exposures. The current regulatory system is focused primarily on ensuring access to respiratory protection in occupational settings characterized by well-defined hazards and employer-employee relationships. With this narrow regulatory focus, the respiratory protection needs of the public and many workers are not being met. As climate change increases the incidence and severity of wildfires, hurricanes, floods, infectious disease outbreaks, and other phenomena that impact air quality and human health, it is imperative that the United States ensure that the respiratory protection needs of the public and all workers are met. Recognizing the urgent need to address the gaps in the nation's ability to meet the respiratory protection needs of the public and workers without workplace respiratory protection programs, this report makes recommendations for a framework of responsibilities and authorities that would provide a unified and authoritative source of information and effective oversight for the development, approval, and use of respiratory protection.
Download or read book Contamination of Firefighter Personal Protective Gear written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hazards of firefighting include heat, smoke and the risk of building collapse. However, the most frequent cause of on-duty firefighter deaths is not trauma but cardiac arrest. Firefighters also face a high risk of chronic illnesses, including an elevated risk of several cancers. These adverse effects may result from chemical exposures incurred during firefighting. This research aims to characterize chemical contamination on firefighter personal protective gear as a surrogate for the risk of dermal exposure.
Download or read book Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-21 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The health and economic costs of tobacco use in military and veteran populations are high. In 2007, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) make recommendations on how to reduce tobacco initiation and encourage cessation in both military and veteran populations. In its 2009 report, Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations, the authoring committee concludes that to prevent tobacco initiation and encourage cessation, both DoD and VA should implement comprehensive tobacco-control programs.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Fire Fighter Skills written by David Schottke and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 1229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sacrifice Zones written by Steve Lerner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stories of residents of low-income communities across the country who took action when pollution from heavy industry contaminated their towns.
Download or read book Public Health Consequences of E Cigarettes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.
Download or read book Occupational Safety and Health Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Site Activities written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Safe Management of Wastes from Health care Activities written by Yves Chartier and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2014 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of the WHO handbook on the safe, sustainable and affordable management of health-care waste--commonly known as "the Blue Book". The original Blue Book was a comprehensive publication used widely in health-care centers and government agencies to assist in the adoption of national guidance. It also provided support to committed medical directors and managers to make improvements and presented practical information on waste-management techniques for medical staff and waste workers. It has been more than ten years since the first edition of the Blue Book. During the intervening period, the requirements on generators of health-care wastes have evolved and new methods have become available. Consequently, WHO recognized that it was an appropriate time to update the original text. The purpose of the second edition is to expand and update the practical information in the original Blue Book. The new Blue Book is designed to continue to be a source of impartial health-care information and guidance on safe waste-management practices. The editors' intention has been to keep the best of the original publication and supplement it with the latest relevant information. The audience for the Blue Book has expanded. Initially, the publication was intended for those directly involved in the creation and handling of health-care wastes: medical staff, health-care facility directors, ancillary health workers, infection-control officers and waste workers. This is no longer the situation. A wider range of people and organizations now have an active interest in the safe management of health-care wastes: regulators, policy-makers, development organizations, voluntary groups, environmental bodies, environmental health practitioners, advisers, researchers and students. They should also find the new Blue Book of benefit to their activities. Chapters 2 and 3 explain the various types of waste produced from health-care facilities, their typical characteristics and the hazards these wastes pose to patients, staff and the general environment. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the guiding regulatory principles for developing local or national approaches to tackling health-care waste management and transposing these into practical plans for regions and individual health-care facilities. Specific methods and technologies are described for waste minimization, segregation and treatment of health-care wastes in Chapters 6, 7 and 8. These chapters introduce the basic features of each technology and the operational and environmental characteristics required to be achieved, followed by information on the potential advantages and disadvantages of each system. To reflect concerns about the difficulties of handling health-care wastewaters, Chapter 9 is an expanded chapter with new guidance on the various sources of wastewater and wastewater treatment options for places not connected to central sewerage systems. Further chapters address issues on economics (Chapter 10), occupational safety (Chapter 11), hygiene and infection control (Chapter 12), and staff training and public awareness (Chapter 13). A wider range of information has been incorporated into this edition of the Blue Book, with the addition of two new chapters on health-care waste management in emergencies (Chapter 14) and an overview of the emerging issues of pandemics, drug-resistant pathogens, climate change and technology advances in medical techniques that will have to be accommodated by health-care waste systems in the future (Chapter 15).
Download or read book NFPA 1403 written by National Fire Protection Association and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildland Fire Incident Management Field Guide written by NWCG and published by NWCG Training Branch. This book was released on 2014-06-06 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wildland Fire Incident Management Field Guide is a revision of what used to be called the Fireline Handbook, PMS 410-1. This guide has been renamed because, over time, the original purpose of the Fireline Handbook had been replaced by the Incident Response Pocket Guide, PMS 461. As a result, this new guide is aimed at a different audience, and it was felt a new name was in order.
Download or read book Performance of Protective Clothing written by James S. Johnson and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hazardous Chemicals Handbook written by P A CARSON and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes core information for quick reference in the workplace, using tables and checklists wherever possible. Essential reading for safety officers, company managers, engineers, transport personnel, waste disposal personnel, environmental health officers, trainees on industrial training courses and engineering students. This book provides concise and clear explanation and look-up data on properties, exposure limits, flashpoints, monitoring techniques, personal protection and a host of other parameters and requirements relating to compliance with designated safe practice, control of hazards to people's health and limitation of impact on the environment. The book caters for the multitude of companies, officials and public and private employees who must comply with the regulations governing the use, storage, handling, transport and disposal of hazardous substances. Reference is made throughout to source documents and standards, and a Bibliography provides guidance to sources of wider ranging and more specialized information. Dr Phillip Carson is Safety Liaison and QA Manager at the Unilever Research Laboratory at Port Sunlight. He is a member of the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health, of the Institution of Chemical Engineers' Loss Prevention Panel and of the Chemical Industries Association's `Exposure Limits Task Force' and `Health Advisory Group'. Dr Clive Mumford is a Senior Lecturer in Chemical Engineering at the University of Aston and a consultant. He lectures on several courses of the Certificate and Diploma of the National Examining Board in Occupational Safety and Health. [Given 5 star rating] - Occupational Safety & Health, July 1994 - Loss Prevention Bulletin, April 1994 - Journal of Hazardous Materials, November 1994 - Process Safety & Environmental Prot., November 1994
