Download or read book Cell Type specific RNA Metabolism in the Drosophila Nervous System written by Mohamed Aboukilila and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hight-throughput technologies of functional genomics have revolutionized the dissection of gene expression regulation during development & pathology. However, most of the available genome-wide approaches have traditionally been focusing on the steady-state snapshot of gene expression, which overlooks the dynamic complexity of gene expression regulation that is achieved via different layers of post-transcriptional regulation. Through a set of overlapping processes, post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression achieves an essential spatiotemporal control of protein abundance & functionality, not only through synthesis but also through localization & decay. The structural & functional architecture of the Drosophila central & peripheral nervous systems provide a unique opportunity to model the events & processes of post-transcriptional regulation. While candidate-based studies have revealed important mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via RNA processing, localization and decay, a more global genome-wide view of such events is still scarce. This is mostly due to the lack of availability of techniques that allow in vivo isolation of cell type-specific RNA for downstream analysis in combination with other approaches addressing the different aspects of post-transcriptional regulation. A method that has been employed to address some of those limitations over the past two decades is called TU-tagging. This method depends on the metabolic tagging of nascent transcripts by a uridine analogue in a cell type-specific manner by exposing UPRT-expressing-cell(s) of interest to 4-thiouracil (4TU). TU-tagging suffers from major specificity limitations due to endogenous pathways of 4-thiouracil (4TU) incorporation. We developed an alternative method, named EC-tagging, to overcome such limitations, which yielded more robust & highly specific isolation of cell type-specific RNA. The sensitivity and specificity of EC-tagging are demonstrated by obtaining cell type-specific gene expression data from intact Drosophila larvae, including transcriptome data from a small population of central brain neurons. This has led to the identification of previously uncharacterized ppk-expressing neurons in the Drosophila mushroom bodies without any need to enrich for such neurons via physical dissection. We also used EC-tagging to profile the transcriptome of the multidendritic (md) sensory neurons of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system. Traditionally, it has been a technical challenge to isolate RNA from these neurons without potentially altering gene expression due to their complex morphology and interconnected microenvironments. In addition to the fact that we further confirmed the sensitivity of EC-tagging in purifying cell type-specific RNA, we were able to identify two genes that encode RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that play a role in regulating the arborization of dendrites in the multidendritic (md) sensory neurons. Knocking down the poly(A) polymerase Hiiragi and the translation regulator Hephaestus caused significant defects in dendrite arborization. This work provides a technical framework in which combining efficient & specific metabolic tagging of nascent transcripts with high-throughput genomic technologies can be used to profile RNA regulation & metabolism in small subpopulation of cells, including those whose structures render them not amenable to physical isolation.
Download or read book The Mouse Nervous System written by Charles Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mouse Nervous System provides a comprehensive account of the central nervous system of the mouse. The book is aimed at molecular biologists who need a book that introduces them to the anatomy of the mouse brain and spinal cord, but also takes them into the relevant details of development and organization of the area they have chosen to study. The Mouse Nervous System offers a wealth of new information for experienced anatomists who work on mice. The book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. Systematic consideration of the anatomy and connections of all regions of the brain and spinal cord by the authors of the most cited rodent brain atlases A major section (12 chapters) on functional systems related to motor control, sensation, and behavioral and emotional states A detailed analysis of gene expression during development of the forebrain by Luis Puelles, the leading researcher in this area Full coverage of the role of gene expression during development and the new field of genetic neuroanatomy using site-specific recombinases Examples of the use of mouse models in the study of neurological illness
Download or read book Characterization of Drosophila Melanogaster Glial Cell Types Using Single cell RNA Sequencing Data written by Camille Couture and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are essential for neural development, metabolism, ion homeostasis, neuron excitability and, ultimately, for the execution of correct behaviors. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these effects are incompletely understood. As yet, we are lacking a comprehensive understanding of i) the molecular features that characterize distinct types of glial cells, ii) heterogeneity among subpopulations within those types, iii) the specific relevance of those molecular features for glial cell function, and iv) the conservation of those features among species. To help address these important issues, my thesis research sought to provide a detailed molecular description of glial subtypes in the Drosophila brain and ventral nerve cord (VNC) at the level of the transcriptome. To do this, I used both published and unpublished single-cell RNA sequencing datasets acquired with the 10x Chromium microfluidics system from the CNS of Drosophila larvae and adults. I took advantage of RStudio’s graphic interface to perform cluster analysis, assigned these clusters to particular glial cell types, then analyzed their transcriptome profiles to improve understanding of the molecular specialization of glial cells.With particular focus on astrocytes, ensheathing glia and cortex glia, I compared the molecular marker profiles of each cell type in larvae and adults and then, using Gene Ontology (GO) to classify the molecular functions and biological processes reflected in these markers, I confirmed previous knowledge and shed new light on the manifold functions of glial cells. In addition, I have found that some of the heterogeneity found within glial cell types can be attributed to subpopulations that exist at distinct stages of the Drosophila life cycle, and in different regions of the CNS. With the help of our collaborators, I explored conservation of glial cells between Drosophila and mice, identifying orthologous genes to the molecular markers identified in Drosophila glial and exploring the extent to which these orthologs are expressed in glial cells of the mouse brain. Together, the results of my MSc thesis research improves understanding of molecular profiles and heterogeneity among glial cells in Drosophila and will fuel further research into specialized functions of glial cells in the CNS"--
Download or read book RNA Tagging written by Manfred Heinlein and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-08-08 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a compendium of state-of-the-art methods for the labeling, detection, and purification of RNA and RNA-protein complexes and thereby constitutes an important toolbox for researchers interested in understanding the complex roles of RNA molecules in development, signaling, and disease. Beginning with a section on in situ detection of RNA molecules using FISH techniques, the volume continues with parts exploring in vivo imaging of RNA transport and localization, imaging and analysis of RNA uptake and transport between cells, identification and analysis of RNA-binding proteins, guide RNAs in genome editing, as well as other specific analytical techniques. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, RNA Tagging: Methods and Protocols serves as a vital reference for researchers looking to further the increasingly important research in RNA biology.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology written by John H. Byrne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invertebrates have proven to be extremely useful model systems for gaining insights into the neural and molecular mechanisms of sensory processing, motor control and higher functions such as feeding behavior, learning and memory, navigation, and social behavior. A major factor in their enormous contributions to neuroscience is the relative simplicity of invertebrate nervous systems. In addition, some invertebrates, primarily the molluscs, have large cells, which allow analyses to take place at the level of individually identified neurons. Individual neurons can be surgically removed and assayed for expression of membrane channels, levels of second messengers, protein phosphorylation, and RNA and protein synthesis. Moreover, peptides and nucleotides can be injected into individual neurons. Other invertebrate model systems such as Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans offer tremendous advantages for obtaining insights into the neuronal bases of behavior through the application of genetic approaches. The Oxford Handbook of Invertebrate Neurobiology reviews the many neurobiological principles that have emerged from invertebrate analyses, such as motor pattern generation, mechanisms of synaptic transmission, and learning and memory. It also covers general features of the neurobiology of invertebrate circadian rhythms, development, and regeneration and reproduction. Some neurobiological phenomena are species-specific and diverse, especially in the domain of the neuronal control of locomotion and camouflage. Thus, separate chapters are provided on the control of swimming in annelids, crustaea and molluscs, locomotion in hexapods, and camouflage in cephalopods. Unique features of the handbook include chapters that review social behavior and intentionality in invertebrates. A chapter is devoted to summarizing past contributions of invertebrates to the understanding of nervous systems and identifying areas for future studies that will continue to advance that understanding.
Download or read book Principles of Neurobiology written by Liqun Luo and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Neurobiology presents the major concepts of neuroscience with an emphasis on how we know what we know. The text is organized around a series of key experiments to illustrate how scientific progress is made and helps upper-level undergraduate and graduate students discover the relevant primary literature. Written by a single author in
Download or read book RNA Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Rita Sattler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become evident over the last years that abnormalities in RNA processing play a fundamental part in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular viability depends on proper regulation of RNA metabolism and subsequent protein synthesis, which requires the interplay of many processes including transcription, pre--‐mRNA splicing, mRNA editing as well as mRNA stability, transport and translation. Dysfunction in any of these processes, often caused by mutations in the coding and non--‐ coding RNAs, can be very destructive to the cellular environment and consequently impair neural viability. The result of this RNA toxicity can lead to a toxic gain of function or a loss of function, depending on the nature of the mutation. For example, in repeat expansion disorders, such as the newly discovered hexanucleotide repeat expansion in theC9orf72 gene found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a toxic gain of function leads to the formation of RNA foci and the sequestration of RNA binding proteins (RBPs). This in return leads to a loss of function of those RBPs, which is hypothesized to play a significant part in the disease progression of ALS and FTD. Other toxicities arising from repeat expansions are the formation of RNA foci, bi--‐directional transcription and production of repeat associated non--‐ATG (RAN) translation products. This book will touch upon most of these disease mechanisms triggered by aberrant RNA metabolism and will therefore provide a broad perspective of the role of RNA processing and its dysfunction in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, FTD, Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, spinal muscular atrophy, myotonic dystrophy and ataxias. The proposed authors are leading scientists in the field and are expected to not only discuss their own work, but to be inclusive of historic as well as late breaking discoveries. The compiled chapters will therefore provide a unique collection of novel studies and hypotheses aimed to describe the consequences of altered RNA processing events and its newest molecular players and pathways.
Download or read book The Enteric Nervous System written by John Barton Furness and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 6 written by Andreas Wanninger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-author, six-volume work summarizes our current knowledge on the developmental biology of all major invertebrate animal phyla. The main aspects of cleavage, embryogenesis, organogenesis and gene expression are discussed in an evolutionary framework. Each chapter presents an in-depth yet concise overview of both classical and recent literature, supplemented by numerous color illustrations and micrographs of a given animal group. The largely taxon-based chapters are supplemented by essays on topical aspects relevant to modern-day EvoDevo research such as regeneration, embryos in the fossil record, homology in the age of genomics and the role of EvoDevo in the context of reconstructing evolutionary and phylogenetic scenarios. A list of open questions at the end of each chapter may serve as a source of inspiration for the next generation of EvoDevo scientists. Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates is a must-have for any scientist, teacher or student interested in developmental and evolutionary biology as well as in general invertebrate zoology. This chapter is dedicated to the Deuterostomia, comprising the Echinodermata and Hemichordata (usually grouped together as the Ambulacraria) as well as the Cephalochordata and the Tunicata.
Download or read book Sperm Biology written by Scott S. Pitnick and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sperm Biology represents the first analysis of the evolutionary significance of sperm phenotypes and derived sperm traits and the possible selection pressures responsible for sperm-egg coevolution. An understanding of sperm evolution is fast developing and promises to shed light on many topics from basic reproductive biology to the evolutionary process itself as well as the sperm proteome, the sperm genome and the quantitative genetics of sperm. The Editors have identified 15 topics of current interest and biological significance to cover all aspects of this bizarre, fascinating and important subject. It comprises the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the evolution of sperm and pointers for future research, written by experts in both sperm biology and evolutionary biology. The combination of evolution and sperm is a potent mix, and this is the definitive account. The first review survey of this emerging field Written by experts from a broad array of disciplines from the physiological and biomedical to the ecological and evolutionary Sheds light on the intricacies of reproduction and the coevolution of sperm, egg and reproductive behavior
Download or read book Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-12-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.
Download or read book RNA protein Interactions written by Kiyoshi Nagai and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of RNA-protein interactions is crucial to understanding the mechanisms and control of gene expression and protein synthesis. The realization that RNAs are often far more biologically active than was previously appreciated has stimulated a great deal of new research in this field. Uniquely, in this book, the world's leading researchers have collaborated to produce a comprehensive and current review of RNA-protein interactions for all scientists working in this area. Timely, comprehensive, and authoritative, this new Frontiers title will be invaluable for all researchers in molecular biology, biochemistry and structural biology.
Download or read book Behavioral Genetics of the Fly Drosophila Melanogaster written by Josh Dubnau and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive portrayal of the behaviour genetics of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the methods used in these studies.
Download or read book The Genetic Basis of Sleep and Sleep Disorders written by Paul Shaw and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive book on the subject, The Genetic Basis of Sleep and Sleep Disorders covers detailed reviews of the general principles of genetics and genetic techniques in the study of sleep and sleep disorders. The book contains sections on the genetics of circadian rhythms, of normal sleep and wake states and of sleep homeostasis. There are also sections discussing the role of genetics in the understanding of insomnias, hypersomnias including narcolepsy, parasomnias and sleep-related movement disorders. The final chapter highlights the use of gene therapy in sleep disorders. Written by genetic experts and sleep specialists from around the world, the book is up to date and geared specifically to the needs of both researchers and clinicians with an interest in sleep medicine. This book will be an invaluable resource for sleep specialists, neurologists, geneticists, psychiatrists and psychologists.
Download or read book Basic Neurochemistry written by R. Wayne Albers and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 1121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic Neurochemistry, Eighth Edition, is the updated version of the outstanding and comprehensive classic text on neurochemistry. For more than forty years, this text has been the worldwide standard for information on the biochemistry of the nervous system, serving as a resource for postgraduate trainees and teachers in neurology, psychiatry, and basic neuroscience, as well as for medical, graduate, and postgraduate students and instructors in the neurosciences. The text has evolved, as intended, with the science. This new edition continues to cover the basics of neurochemistry as in the earlier editions, along with expanded and additional coverage of new research from intracellular trafficking, stem cells, adult neurogenesis, regeneration, and lipid messengers. It contains expanded coverage of all major neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, including the neurochemistry of addiction, pain, and hearing and balance; the neurobiology of learning and memory; sleep; myelin structure, development, and disease; autism; and neuroimmunology. Completely updated text with new authors and material, and many entirely new chapters Over 400 fully revised figures in splendid color 61 chapters covering the range of cellular, molecular and medical neuroscience Translational science boxes emphasizing the connections between basic and clinical neuroscience Companion website at http://elsevierdirect.com/companions/9780123749475
Download or read book Structure and Function in the Nervous Systems of Invertebrates written by Theodore H. Bullock and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
