Download or read book Cell Migration in Three dimensional Collagen Lattices written by Peter Friedl and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cell Migration in Three Dimensions written by Coert Margadant and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed collection serves as a unique and excellent collection of state-of-the-art methods and protocols to interrogate cell migration in a wide variety of different contexts and model organisms, as well as advanced image analysis and quantitative assessment of a diverse array of parameters related to cell migration. The book focuses on the cell biology of cell migration, developmental model systems to assess cell migration during morphogenesis, cell migration in cancers and the tumor micro-environment, as well as blood vessel formation and interactions. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Cell Migration in Three Dimensions provides a solid foundation for scientists of different disciplines to investigate cell migration in biological processes. Chapters 7, 12, 16, 17, 19, 22, and 24 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Migration of Human Peripheral T Lymphocytes and Cancer Cells from Primary Explants in Three dimensional Collagen Lattices written by Peter Friedl and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adhesion mediated Cell Migration in Three Dimensional Matrices of RGD Conjugated Collagen written by Brian T. Burgess and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aligned 3D Collagen Matrix for the Study of Cell Migration written by 馮嘉襄 and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Single Cancer Cell Migration Mechanisms in Micromolded 3D Collagenmicrostracks written by Aniqua Rahman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the earliest steps of cancer metastasis is cellular migration through the surrounding collagenous stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) after dissemination from the primary tumor. The stroma through which cancer cells navigate is a complex network of fiber architectures. It is known that in vivo, some metastatic cancer cells migrate through pre-existing tracks within the collagenous ECM matrix. A subset of cells termed as "leader" cells create invasion paths (known as "microtracks") by degrading and remodeling the surrounding matrix using proteolytic enzymes. "Leader" cells first migrate through the stroma leaving "tube-like" microtracks within the ECM of the stroma and other metastatic "follower" cells utilize these pre-existing microtracks as 'highways' to escape the primary tumor without any proteolytic activities. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms modulating cancer cell migration through the stroma and particularly through these microtracks still remain unclear. In general, the process of cellular migration is governed by a balance between the molecular mechanisms regulating migration signaling and the physiological cues posed by the neighboring tumor microenvironment. However, much less is known about how the "follower" cancer cells migrate through these confined in vivo microtracks within the ECM. In this thesis, we utilized microfabrication technique to recreate in vitro collagen microtracks and recapitulate confined non-proteolytic metastatic cell migration to study the behavior of "follower" cells. Our results indicate that cell adhesion and polarization facilitate directional migration in in vitro collagen microtracks. Additionally, cellular focal adhesion dynamics and traction stresses dictate cell migration behavior in confined and partially confined spaces within the microtracks. Moreover, cell compliance and energy requirement impact cell migration choices in confined microtracks. These results help us to define how intracellular signals and extracellular microenvironments direct single cell migration in microtracks. Our findings could potentially lead to a targeted therapeutic approach to inhibit cell migration and ultimately cancer metastasis.
Download or read book Invasion and Migration of Clusters in Oral Carcinomas Within Three dimensional Collagen Matrices written by Sheri Muradali and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cellular adhesion interactions involved in invasion and migration are crucial to cancer metastasis. Neoplastic tissue explants were cultivated in three-dimensional collagen lattices and monitored for the detachment of coordinated locomoting tumor cell clusters. Blocking monoclonal antibody treatment (10ug/mL) against the $ beta sb1$ and $ alpha sb2 beta sb1$ integrin receptors on cluster surfaces allowed the functional evaluation of these receptors during metastatic invasion. Clusters in treated wells exhibited a loss in migratory persistence, reduction in cluster motility and a greater amount of "stops" during migration as compared to control wells for both anti-$ beta sb1$ and anti-$ alpha sb2 beta sb1$ respectively. These results suggest that $ beta sb1$ integrins, and more specifically, $ alpha sb2 beta sb1$ play a significant role in maintaining normal cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during metastatic invasion. Preliminary investigations using the anti-cancer drug, Taxol, against clusters within collagen matrices revealed a significant decrease in the total distance traveled, average speed and persistence, implicating its efficiency against certain cancers. The use of 3-D collagen systems for cell communication studies on locomoting tumor cell clusters may reveal novel and potentially important mechanisms involved in metastatic invasion as well as facilitate future assessment of potential anti-neoplastic drugs." --
Download or read book Dynamics of Cell and Tissue Motion written by Wolfgang Alt and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interdisciplinary study explaining the dynamics underlying biological motion – one of the most obvious expressions of self-organization. Designed for a broad audience from bioscientists to applied mathematicians, this book considers possible synergetic mechanisms of interaction and cooperation on different microscopic levels.
Download or read book Normal and Transformed Epithelial Cell Migration in a Three dimensional Matrix written by Wenting Shih and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epithelial cell migration is an essential part of embryogenesis and tissue regeneration, and is also crucial for pathological processes such as cancer metastasis. Yet, the precise mechanisms for driving cell movement remain unclear. In this dissertation, I present unique migration phenotypes of normal and transformed epithelial cells in a physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) environment. In a 3D collagen matrix, normal epithelial cells formed an atypical polarized cell shape with the nucleus leading the cell front and a contractile cell rear. The cell leading edge exhibited a myosin II-dependent retrograde flow with the magnitude and direction consistent with surrounding network deformation. Of two distinct isoforms of myosin, myosin IIA-deficient cells migrated faster than wild-type cells on a two-dimensional substrate, but these myosin IIA-deficient cells were unpolarized and immobile in a 3D gel. In contrast, the migration rates of myosin IIB-deficient cells were similar to wild-type cells. Therefore, myosin IIA, not myosin IIB, is required for 3D normal epithelial cell migration. Unlike normal epithelial cells, transformed epithelial cells migrate with a more elongated cell body, therefore, the underlying motility mechanism of these cells may be distinct from normal epithelial cells. Using hepatocyte growth factor-treated MDCK cells that underwent a complete Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition, I analyzed the migration of transformed epithelial cells in a 3D collagen matrix. In a 3D matrix, these transformed cells formed elongated multicellular chains, and migrated faster and more persistently than single cells in isolation. In addition, the cell clusters were enriched with stress-fiber like actin bundles that provided contractile forces. N-cadherin knockdown cells failed to form cell-cell junctions and migrate, and the expression of the N-cadherin cytoplasmic or extracellular domain partially rescued the knockdown phenotype. In contrast, the expression of N-cadherin-alpha-catenin chimera rescued the knockdown phenotype, but individual cells in cell clusters were less mobile. Together, my findings suggest that a dynamic N-cadherin and actin linkage is required for efficient 3D collective migration. Unraveling the roles of myosin II and N-cadherin in 3D single cell, and collective cell migration will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms behind how normal and diseased cells migrate, thus revealing insights into how to tackle disease processes such as cancer metastasis.
Download or read book Three dimensional Forces Driving Amoeboid Cell Migration and Characterization of the Extracellular Matrix written by Begoña Álvarez-González and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast amoeboid migration requires cells to apply mechanical forces on their surroundings via transient adhesions. However, the role these forces play in controlling cell migration speed remains largely unknown. We use three-dimensional force microscopy to examine the mechanics underlying the chemotactic migration of wild-type Dictyostelium cells, as well as mutant strains with defects in contractility, internal F-actin cross-linking and cortical integrity. We show that cells pull on their substrate adhesions using two distinct, yet interconnected mechanisms: axial actomyosin contractility and cortical tension. The three-dimensional pulling forces generated by both mechanisms are internally balanced by an increase in cytoplasmic pressure that allows cells to push on their substrate downward without adhering to it. These compressive pressure-induced forces are not associated to adhesion sites, and may allow amoeboid cells to push off surrounding structures when migrating in complex three-dimensional environments. We find a relationship between the strength of these three-dimensional forces and the migration speed and we show that the cell migration speed increases with the ratio of the tangential to normal forces. This finding indicates that the migration speed increases when axial contractility balances cortical tension, allowing the cells to modulate their three-dimensional shape and move faster. Additionally, we develop a new methodology for the calculation of the three-dimensional forces exerted by migrating cells improved by a Lagrange multipliers optimization that provides a stress field in equilibrium and equal to zero outside the region in which the cell is localized. Furthermore, we design a novel elastometry technique based on the exact solution of the elastic equation of equilibrium, the measurement of the deformation exerted by cells when moving and the application of an optimization algorithm for solving a non-linear least-squares problem. This novel method enables the characterization of the Poisson ratio of polymer-based substrates on real time, which is essential for a precise calculation of the traction forces. The value of the Poisson ratio that we obtain for the polyacrylamide gels used in our experiments is 0.45. A similar methodology could be applied to calculate the mechanical properties and constitutive equations for other extracellular environments, which are not perfectly elastic.
Download or read book Cell Biology of Extracellular Matrix written by E.D. Hay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the ten-year interval since the first edition of this volume went to press, our knowledge of extracellular matrix (ECM) function and structure has enor mously increased. Extracellular matrix and cell-matrix interaction are now routine topics in the meetings and annual reviews sponsored by cell biology societies. Research in molecular biology has so advanced the number of known matrix molecules and the topic of gene structure and regulation that we won dered how best to incorporate the new material. For example, we deliberated over the inclusion of chapters on molecular genetics. We decided that with judicious editing we could present the recent findings in molecular biology within the same cell biology framework that was used for the first edition, using three broad headings: what is extracellular matrix, how is it made, and what does it do for cells? Maintaining control over the review of literature on the subject of ECM was not always an easy task, but we felt it was essential to production of a highly readable volume, one compact enough to serve the the student as an introduction and the investigator as a quick update on graduate the important recent discoveries. The first edition of this volume enjoyed con hope the reader finds this edition equally useful. siderable success; we D. Hay Elizabeth vii Contents Introductory Remarks 1 Elizabeth D. Hay PART I. WHAT IS EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX? Chapter 1 Collagen T. F. Linsenmayer 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. The Collagen Molecule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2. 1. Triple-Helical Domain(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Download or read book Cell Surface Proteases written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Surface Proteases provides a comprehensive overview of these important enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a protein as it degrades to a simpler substance. In the 1990s, an explosion of new discoveries shed light on the role of cell surface proteases and extended it beyond degradation of extracellular matrix components to include its influence on growth factors, cell signaling, and other cellular events. This volume unites the scientific literature from across disciplines and teases out unified themes of interactions between cell surface proteases and interconnecting cell surface-related systems -- including integrins and other adhesion molecules. Scientists and students involved in developmental biology, cell biology and disease processes will find this an indispensable resource. * Provides an overview of the entire field of cell surface proteases in a single volume* Presents major issues and astonishing discoveries at the forefront of modern developmental biology and developmental medicine * A thematic volume in the longest-running forum for contemporary issues in developmental biology with over 30 years of coverage
Download or read book Effects of Three dimensional Extracellular Matrix Properties on Tumor Cell Behavior written by Dewi Harjanto and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Cancer is a devastating disease that claims millions of lives each year. It has long been recognized that solid tumors are usually much stiffer than normal tissues. While it is well-established that extracellular matrix (ECM) properties affect many aspects of cell behaviour, the implications of altered matrix properties in cancer progression has not been investigated in a systematic, quantitative fashion. The question of how cell-ECM interactions drive cancer, especially in in vivo -like 3D conditions, is of great interest since tumor cells are closely interfacing with the ECM during metastasis. The central hypothesis of this work is that 3D ECM properties affect motility and matrix remodeling, two key components of invasion. This was explored in four studies. First, we developed a force-based simulation of the effect of proteolytic matrix degradation on 3D cell migration and found that peak motility is achieved at intermediate ECM ligand and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) concentrations, with a linear relationship between ligand and MMPs yielding physiologically compelling results. Second, we used confocal reflectance microscopy to monitor remodeling behavior of two prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and DU-145, seeded in 3D matrices of varying collagen content. While both cell types increased the fraction of fibrils in the lowest density collagen gels, in higher density gels, the more invasive cells modified gels to achieve much higher fibril fractions. This difference was found to be due in part to higher MMP production in the more invasive DU-145 cell line. A 3D lattice-based Monte Carlo model was also developed that recreated this matrix remodeling experiment, explicitly accounting for both cellular and matrix properties, and confirmed the finding that more invasive cells more aggressively increase fibril fractions of their substrates. Finally, the dispersal of multicellular tumoroids was found to be dependent on matrix properties. Clusters of DU-145 cells dispersed most readily on 2D substrates and at intermediate collagen concentration in 3D. In summary, we found that 3D ECM properties can dictate how cancer cells migrate and reorganize their microenvironment. This work has major implications for understanding the clinically significant process of metastasis.
Download or read book Capillary Fluid Exchange written by Joshua Scallan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The partition of fluid between the vascular and interstitial compartments is regulated by forces (hydrostatic and oncotic) operating across the microvascular walls and the surface areas of permeable structures comprising the endothelial barrier to fluid and solute exchange, as well as within the extracellular matrix and lymphatics. In addition to its role in the regulation of vascular volume, transcapillary fluid filtration also allows for continuous turnover of water bathing tissue cells, providing the medium for diffusional flux of oxygen and nutrients required for cellular metabolism and removal of metabolic byproducts. Transendothelial volume flow has also been shown to influence vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles, hydraulic conductivity in capillaries, and neutrophil transmigration across postcapillary venules, while the flow of this filtrate through the interstitial spaces functions to modify the activities of parenchymal, resident tissue, and metastasizing tumor cells. Likewise, the flow of lymph, which is driven by capillary filtration, is important for the transport of immune and tumor cells, antigen delivery to lymph nodes, and for return of filtered fluid and extravasated proteins to the blood. Given this background, the aims of this treatise are to summarize our current understanding of the factors involved in the regulation of transcapillary fluid movement, how fluid movements across the endothelial barrier and through the interstitium and lymphatic vessels influence cell function and behavior, and the pathophysiology of edema formation. Table of Contents: Fluid Movement Across the Endothelial Barrier / The Interstitium / The Lymphatic Vasculature / Pathophysiology of Edema Formation
Download or read book Cell Migration in Inflammation and Immunity written by Daniele D’Ambrosio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemokines and their receptors play a central role in the pathogenesis of numerous, perhaps all, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. About 50 distinct chemokines produced by a variety cell types and tissues either c- stitutively or in response to inflammatory stimuli are involved in a plethora of biological processes. These small secreted proteins exert their exquisitely variegated functions upon binding to a family of seven-transmembrane spanning G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) composed of almost 20 distinct entities. The biological activities of chemokines range from the control of leukocyte trafficking in basal and inflammatory conditions to the regulation of hema- poiesis, angiogenesis, tissue architecture, and organogenesis. The basis for such diversified activities rests, on one hand, upon the ubiquitous nature of chemokine production and chemokine receptor expression. Virtually every cell type can produce chemokines and expresses a unique combination of chemokine receptors. On the other hand, chemokine receptors make use of a flexible and complex network of intracellular signaling machineries that can regulate a variety of cellular functions ranging from cell migration, growth, and differentiation to death. As knowledge of the size of chemokine and chemokine receptor families rapidly reaches completeness, much is still to be uncovered in terms of fu- tional architecture of the chemokine system. The disparity between the large number of chemokines and that smaller number of receptors is balanced by the promiscuity in ligand–receptor interactions, with multiple chemokines binding to the same receptor and several chemokines binding to more than one receptor.
Download or read book Second Harmonic Generation Imaging written by Francesco S. Pavone and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has shown great promise for imaging live cells and tissues, with applications in basic science, medical research, and tissue engineering. Second Harmonic Generation Imaging offers a complete guide to this optical modality, from basic principles, instrumentation, methods, and image analysis to biomedical a
Download or read book Physics of Cancer written by Claudia Mierke and published by Iph001. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised second edition is improved linguistically with multiple increases of the number of figures and the inclusion of several novel chapters such as actin filaments during matrix invasion, microtubuli during migration and matrix invasion, nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion, and the active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion.
