Download or read book Celebrity Endorsements Theoretical Explanations of Meaning Transfer and Schema based Models Recent Developments written by Matthias Röderstein and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-12-15 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Offline Marketing and Online Marketing, grade: 1,3, Technical University of Chemnitz, course: Seminar, language: English, abstract: Michael Jordan, Tiger Woods, Heidi Klum, Günther Jauch, Thomas Gottschalk, they have all something in common. They are famous due to their public appearance and achievements in sport, television, magazines etc. Additionally, all of them are promoting or endorsing prod-ucts. The use of famous spokesperson or celebrities in marketing communications in the United States is growing since the late 1970’s and has reached a percentage of nearly 25% at the end of the 1990’s. Statistics for the german market also suggest an increased use of fa-mous testimonials, although their percentage relative to other communication strategies is seen as lower. Some researchers contend a positive economic effect of celebrity endorse-ments despite they are very expensive. Noticing that endorsement contracts with celebrities are expensive raises several questions. What makes them so interesting for companies? Why are marketeers using celebrities instead of “normal” people? For executive directors it may be useful to know how the “right” celebrity could be selected from the big crowd of popular per-sons. Furthermore, which are the factors predicting wether a celebrity is effective or not as an endorser? From a more scientific point of view, it is interesting to shed light to the processes through which consumers perceive advertisements with celebrities. As the title of this study suggests, these questions are answered in a somehow theoretical way, but with some practical conclusions. Chapter 2 explains to which extent the celebrity may be part of the communication process and which effectiveness criteria exist. Having defined and classified the main concepts of this paper in chapter 2, which are celebrity endorsement and schemas, some models that are related to celebrity endorsements are explained. Research of celebrity endorsement has focused mainly on four different approaches. First, the characteris-tics of an endorser as a source of information, divided in attractiveness (3.1) and credibility (3.2). Additionally, Match-Up between product and endorser characteristics are examined (3.3). Finally, in a more comprehensive model, researchers investigated in transfer of mean-ings from celebrities to products and then to consumers (3.4). This study will end with some limitations and expectations to further research.
Download or read book Endorsements Beyond Mainstream written by Christian Schimmelpfennig and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although there is a substantial amount of research on the subject of celebrity endorsements, a lot of questions remain, and a multitude of new questions have arisen due to the developments of this advertising strategy over the years. By means of conceptual, quantitative and qualitative studies, this dissertation seeks to close some of the research gaps in the domain of endorsement strategy. The first chapter reviews previous studies and consolidates research findings. A celebrity endorsement theory framework, based on the constructs of credibility, attractiveness, congruence and meaning transfer, is proposed, which might be able to explain a majority of celebrity endorsement campaigns. The second chapter determines the actual use of the six different endorser types that literature has identified: celebrities, experts, typical consumers, company presidents/CEOs, employees and spokes-characters, and looks into their usage in advertising of different industries and for different product categories. I find that in actual advertising, endorsements, and particularly celebrity endorsements, play a much less prominent role than most of the literature assumes. Moreover, I demonstrate that the different endorser types are used to a varying degree in different industries and product categories. The third chapter closer examines the nature of celebrity endorsers featured in advertising and substantiates what kinds of celebrity are used in advertising campaigns. I find that congruent with industry experts' suggestions contemporary advertising campaigns indeed feature new varieties of celebrity that are available to the advertiser as potential endorsers, besides typical celebrity endorsers such as famous actors, comedians, athletes, entertainers, or musicians. The fourth chapter explores advertising campaigns that feature infamous, "ordinary" spokespeople in high-involvement categories. The results suggest that advertisers perceive such.
Download or read book Marketing Metaphoria written by Gerald Zaltman and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Marketing Metaphoria undresses the mind of the consumer to reveal the powerful, unconscious viewing lenses that shape what people think, hear, say, and do. These lenses are called "deep metaphors" and they populate the unconscious mind. Understanding how people use deep metaphors will help you develop new products, launch innovations, enhance purchase and consumption experiences, create engaging communications, and much more." "Drawing on thousands of interview, the authors identify seven primary deep metaphors. Knowing how they influence your consumers can have a huge effect on your sales and profits. Marketing Metaphoria describes how some of the world's most famous companies as well as small firms, not-for-profits, and social enterprises have successfully leveraged deep metaphors to solve their marketing problems."--Jacket.
Download or read book Creating Images and the Psychology of Marketing Communication written by Lynn R. Kahle and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of Creating Images and the Psychology of Marketing Communication is to advance the understanding of the concept of image as it is applied to various areas of interest. It also serves to meet the growing interest in image-related studies by the public and academics, and provides an innovative and holistic approach to the study of image. The text reflects the importance of brand leveraging as the sections cover in-depth discussion on cross-country and tourism images, corporate and sponsorship images, individual and celebrity images, and cultural and social images. It provides a comprehensive and holistic look at the concept of image: the topics range from theories of image creative to other image studies on a country, corporate, and individual level. The sections cover the major topics currently being debated in image marketing and the psychology of communications. Several new and innovative concepts are also introduced in the book. Creating Images and the Psychology of Marketing Communication is intended for academics and scholars (including students) in the interdisciplinary fields of consumer psychology, marketing, and communication.
Download or read book Plugged in written by Patti M. Valkenburg and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Youth and Media -- 2 Then and Now -- 3 Themes and Theoretical Perspectives -- 4 Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers -- 5 Children -- 6 Adolescents -- 7 Media and Violence -- 8 Media and Emotions -- 9 Advertising and Commercialism -- 10 Media and Sex -- 11 Media and Education -- 12 Digital Games -- 13 Social Media -- 14 Media and Parenting -- 15 The End -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z
Download or read book EBOOK Critical Theories of Mass Media Then and Now written by Paul Taylor and published by McGraw-Hill Education (UK). This book was released on 2007-12-16 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a welcome critical corrective to complacent mainstream accounts of the media's cultural impact". Prof. Slavoj Zizek, International Director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities at Birkbeck, University of London "A powerful and highly engaging re-assessment of past critical thinkers (including those not normally thought of as critical) in the light of today's mediascape". Jorge Reina Schement, Distinguished Professor of Communications, Penn State University With the exception of occasional moral panics about the coarsening of public discourse, and the impact of advertising and television violence upon children, mass media tend to be viewed as a largely neutral or benign part of contemporary life. Even when criticisms are voiced, the media chooses how and when to discuss its own inadequacies. More radical external critiques are often excluded and media theorists are frequently more optimistic than realistic about the negative aspects of mass culture. This book reassesses this situation in the light of both early and contemporary critical scholarship and explores the intimate relationship between the mass media and the dis-empowering nature of commodity culture. The authors cast a fresh perspective on contemporary mass culture by comparing past and present critiques. They: Outline the key criticisms of mass culture from past critical thinkers Reassess past critical thought in the changed circumstances of today Evaluate the significance of new critical thinkers for today's mass culture The book begins by introducing the critical insights from major theorists from the past - Walter Benjamin, Siegfried Kracauer, Theodor Adorno, Marshall McLuhan and Guy Debord. Paul Taylor and Jan Harris then apply these insights to recent provocative writers such as Jean Baudrillard and Slavoj Žižek, and discuss the links between such otherwise apparently unrelated contemporary events as the Iraqi Abu Ghraib controversy and the rise of reality television. Critical Theories of Mass Media is a key text for students of cultural studies, communications and media studies, and sociology.
Download or read book A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor written by Earl R. Mac Cormac and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1985 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Earl Mac Cormac presents an original and unified cognitive theory of metaphor using philosophical arguments which draw upon evidence from psychological experiments and theories. He notes that implications of this theory for meaning and truth with specific attention to metaphor as a speech act, the iconic meaning of metaphor, and the development of a four-valued system of truth. Numerous examples of metaphor from poetry and science are presented and analyzed to support Mac Cormac's theory."A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor takes up three levels of explanation--metaphor as expressed in surface language, the semantics of metaphor, and metaphor as a cogitive process--and unifies these by interpreting metaphor as an evolutionary knowledge process in which metaphors mediate between minds and culture. Mac Cormac considers, and rejects, the radical theory that all use of language is metaphorical; however, this argument also recognizes that the "theory of metaphor may itself be metaphorical.The book first considers the computational metaphor often adopted by cognitive psychology as an example of metaphor requiring analysis. In contrast to three well-known philosophical theories of metaphor - the tension theory, the controversion theory, and the grammatical deviance theory - it develops a semantical anomaly theory of metaphor based on a quasi-mathematical hierarchy of words. In developing the theory, Mac Cormac makes much-needed connections between theories of metaphor and more orthodox analytic philosophy of meaning, including discussions of speech acts and the logic of fuzzy sets. This semantical theory of explanation is then shown to be compatible with contemporary psychologicaltheories of memory.Earl R. MacCormac is Charles A. Dana Professor of Philosophy and Chairman of the Department of Philosophy, Davidson College. A Bradford Book.
Download or read book Beyond Hofstede written by Cheryl Nakata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hofstede introduced a culture paradigm that has been widely influential in international business. However, its relevance in light of culture's increasing complexity due to globalization has been questioned. Alternative culture frameworks and perspectives are offered by leading scholars in global marketing and management.
Download or read book European Journal of Tourism Research written by and published by Varna University of Management. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Journal of Tourism Research is an open-access academic journal in the field of tourism, published by Varna University of Management, Bulgaria. Its aim is to provide a platform for discussion of theoretical and empirical problems in tourism. Publications from all fields, connected with tourism such as tourism management, tourism marketing, tourism sociology, psychology in tourism, tourism geography, political sciences in tourism, mathematics, tourism statistics, tourism anthropology, culture and tourism, heritage and tourism, national identity and tourism, information technologies in tourism and others are invited. Empirical studies need to have either a European context or clearly stated implications for European tourism industry. The journal is open to all researchers. Young researchers and authors from Central and Eastern Europe are encouraged to submit their contributions. The journal is indexed in Scopus and Clarivate Analytics' Emerging Sources Citation Index. There are no charges for publication. The editorial team welcomes your submissions to the European Journal of Tourism Research.
Download or read book Exploring the Dynamics of Consumerism in Developing Nations written by Gbadamosi, Ayantunji and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-01-11 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As developing nations increase their consumption rate, their relevance in the global marketplace grows. Existing assumptions and postulations about consumer consumption in various societies are being displaced largely due to the dynamic nature of the market. However, research has not been adequately devoted to explore the developments in consumer behavior in developing nations, which has resulted in numerous unanswered questions. Exploring the Dynamics of Consumerism in Developing Nations provides vital research on consumer behavior in developing countries and changes in the socio-cultural dimensions of marketing. While highlighting topics such as celebrity influence, marketing malpractices, and the adoption of e-government, this publication is ideally designed for researchers, advanced-level students, policymakers, and managers.
Download or read book The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers written by Johnny Saldana and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers is unique in providing, in one volume, an in-depth guide to each of the multiple approaches available for coding qualitative data. In total, 29 different approaches to coding are covered, ranging in complexity from beginner to advanced level and covering the full range of types of qualitative data from interview transcripts to field notes. For each approach profiled, Johnny Saldaña discusses the method’s origins in the professional literature, a description of the method, recommendations for practical applications, and a clearly illustrated example.
Download or read book Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning written by Carl Patton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-08-26 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated in its 3rd edition, Basic Methods of Policy Analysis and Planning presents quickly applied methods for analyzing and resolving planning and policy issues at state, regional, and urban levels. Divided into two parts, Methods which presents quick methods in nine chapters and is organized around the steps in the policy analysis process, and Cases which presents seven policy cases, ranging in degree of complexity, the text provides readers with the resources they need for effective policy planning and analysis. Quantitative and qualitative methods are systematically combined to address policy dilemmas and urban planning problems. Readers and analysts utilizing this text gain comprehensive skills and background needed to impact public policy.
Download or read book Digital Media Youth and Credibility written by Miriam J. Metzger and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The difficulties in determining the quality of information on the Internet--in particular, the implications of wide access and questionable credibility for youth and learning. Today we have access to an almost inconceivably vast amount of information, from sources that are increasingly portable, accessible, and interactive. The Internet and the explosion of digital media content have made more information available from more sources to more people than at any other time in human history. This brings an infinite number of opportunities for learning, social connection, and entertainment. But at the same time, the origin of information, its quality, and its veracity are often difficult to assess. This volume addresses the issue of credibility--the objective and subjective components that make information believable--in the contemporary media environment. The contributors look particularly at youth audiences and experiences, considering the implications of wide access and the questionable credibility of information for youth and learning. They discuss such topics as the credibility of health information online, how to teach credibility assessment, and public policy solutions. Much research has been done on credibility and new media, but little of it focuses on users younger than college students. Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility fills this gap in the literature. Contributors Matthew S. Eastin, Gunther Eysenbach, Brian Hilligoss, Frances Jacobson Harris, R. David Lankes, Soo Young Rieh, S. Shyam Sundar, Fred W. Weingarten
Download or read book Theories of the Information Society written by Frank Webster and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first edition of Theories of the Information Society Frank Webster set out to make sense of the information explosion, taking a sceptical look at what thinkers mean when they refer to the information society, and critically examining all the major post-war theories and approaches to informational development.
Download or read book Digital and Social Media Marketing written by Nripendra P. Rana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines issues and implications of digital and social media marketing for emerging markets. These markets necessitate substantial adaptations of developed theories and approaches employed in the Western world. The book investigates problems specific to emerging markets, while identifying new theoretical constructs and practical applications of digital marketing. It addresses topics such as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), demographic differences in digital marketing, mobile marketing, search engine advertising, among others. A radical increase in both temporal and geographical reach is empowering consumers to exert influence on brands, products, and services. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and digital media are having a significant impact on the way people communicate and fulfil their socio-economic, emotional and material needs. These technologies are also being harnessed by businesses for various purposes including distribution and selling of goods, retailing of consumer services, customer relationship management, and influencing consumer behaviour by employing digital marketing practices. This book considers this, as it examines the practice and research related to digital and social media marketing.
Download or read book Capital as Power written by Jonathan Nitzan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-06-02 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional theories of capitalism are mired in a deep crisis: after centuries of debate, they are still unable to tell us what capital is. Liberals and Marxists both think of capital as an ‘economic’ entity that they count in universal units of ‘utils’ or ‘abstract labour’, respectively. But these units are totally fictitious. Nobody has ever been able to observe or measure them, and for a good reason: they don’t exist. Since liberalism and Marxism depend on these non-existing units, their theories hang in suspension. They cannot explain the process that matters most – the accumulation of capital. This book offers a radical alternative. According to the authors, capital is not a narrow economic entity, but a symbolic quantification of power. It has little to do with utility or abstract labour, and it extends far beyond machines and production lines. Capital, the authors claim, represents the organized power of dominant capital groups to reshape – or creorder – their society. Written in simple language, accessible to lay readers and experts alike, the book develops a novel political economy. It takes the reader through the history, assumptions and limitations of mainstream economics and its associated theories of politics. It examines the evolution of Marxist thinking on accumulation and the state. And it articulates an innovative theory of ‘capital as power’ and a new history of the ‘capitalist mode of power’.
Download or read book Affect and Cognition written by Margaret S. Clark and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1982. In late May, 1981, the 17th annual Carnegie Symposium on Cognition brought 16 cognitive and social psychologists to Camegie-Mellon University. Their topic was affect and cognition. For only the second time, the Carnegie Symposium had been organized by social psychologists. John Carroll and John Payne chaired the first social cognitive symposium in 1975. Their conference came precisely at the time when social cognition was beginning to take root within social psychology. Since then, the area has blossomed. These are the papers from the conference.
