Download or read book Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science written by Henri Cohen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-06-03 with total page 1277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Categorization in Cognitive Science, Second Edition presents the study of categories and the process of categorization as viewed through the lens of the founding disciplines of the cognitive sciences, and how the study of categorization has long been at the core of each of these disciplines. The literature on categorization reveals there is a plethora of definitions, theories, models and methods to apprehend this central object of study. The contributions in this handbook reflect this diversity. For example, the notion of category is not uniform across these contributions, and there are multiple definitions of the notion of concept. Furthermore, the study of category and categorization is approached differently within each discipline. For some authors, the categories themselves constitute the object of study, whereas for others, it is the process of categorization, and for others still, it is the technical manipulation of large chunks of information. Finally, yet another contrast has to do with the biological versus artificial nature of agents or categorizers. - Defines notions of category and categorization - Discusses the nature of categories: discrete, vague, or other - Explores the modality effects on categories - Bridges the category divide - calling attention to the bridges that have already been built, and avenues for further cross-fertilization between disciplines

Download or read book Cognition and Categorization written by Eleanor Rosch and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-03-08 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1978, the papers in this book derive from a 1976 meeting sponsored by the Social Science Research Council to discuss the nature and principles of category formation. It is organized in three sections: real-world categories, the cognitive processes underlying categorization, and the nature of representation. Part I examines different structural aspects of real-world categories: folk biological taxonomies, within and between category structures for material objects, and some categories in a language that codes the world in a visual–gestural mode. All three chapters in Part I assume category processors who are able to perform at least three cognitive functions: They can judge similarity between stimuli; they can perceive and process the attributes of a stimulus; and they can learn. Part II presents analyses of these three cognitive functions. All discussion of psychological structures and processes lead eventually to the issue of representation, and Part III examines representational assumptions underlying the earlier discussions. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.

Download or read book Categorization and Naming in Children written by Ellen M. Markman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this landmark work on early conceptual and lexical development, Ellen Markman challenges the fundamental assumptions of traditional theories of language acquisition and proposes a new notion of how children acquire categories.

Download or read book The Discipline of Organizing Professional Edition written by Robert J. Glushko and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Note about this ebook: This ebook exploits many advanced capabilities with images, hypertext, and interactivity and is optimized for EPUB3-compliant book readers, especially Apple's iBooks and browser plugins. These features may not work on all ebook readers. We organize things. We organize information, information about things, and information about information. Organizing is a fundamental issue in many professional fields, but these fields have only limited agreement in how they approach problems of organizing and in what they seek as their solutions. The Discipline of Organizing synthesizes insights from library science, information science, computer science, cognitive science, systems analysis, business, and other disciplines to create an Organizing System for understanding organizing. This framework is robust and forward-looking, enabling effective sharing of insights and design patterns between disciplines that weren’t possible before. The Professional Edition includes new and revised content about the active resources of the "Internet of Things," and how the field of Information Architecture can be viewed as a subset of the discipline of organizing. You’ll find: 600 tagged endnotes that connect to one or more of the contributing disciplines Nearly 60 new pictures and illustrations Links to cross-references and external citations Interactive study guides to test on key points The Professional Edition is ideal for practitioners and as a primary or supplemental text for graduate courses on information organization, content and knowledge management, and digital collections. FOR INSTRUCTORS: Supplemental materials (lecture notes, assignments, exams, etc.) are available at http://disciplineoforganizing.org. FOR STUDENTS: Make sure this is the edition you want to buy. There's a newer one and maybe your instructor has adopted that one instead.

Download or read book Categorization in Social Psychology written by Craig McGarty and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1999-09-15 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Categorization in Social Psychology offers a major introduction to the study of categorization, looking especially at links between categorization in cognitive and social psychology. In a highly readable and accessible style, the author covers all the main approaches to categorization in social psychology that a student might come across, including: biased stimulus processing, construct actviation, self-categorization, explanation-based, social judgeability and assimilation/contrast approaches. It is a wide-ranging and up-to-date treatment of concepts from cognitive as well as social psychology.

Download or read book Categorization in the History of English written by Christian Kay and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printbegrænsninger: Der kan printes 10 sider ad gangen og max. 40 sider pr. session

Download or read book A Crosslinguistic Perspective on Clear and Approximate Categorization written by Hélène Vassiliadou and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-07 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, research on clear and approximate categorizations and their manifestations in language has been generating a number of studies on syntax, semantics, pragmatics, psycholinguistics, philosophy, and logic. This is particularly interesting because these two operations have formally similar realizations even in languages belonging to different groups. The existence of a large number of type nouns testifies to their productivity. If these nouns serve to both categorize and approximate, the fundamental question is that of identifying the processes of interpretation concerned, since there is not always a consensus on interpretation. This book makes it clear that there are different ways to reach the category associated with a word by putting into perspective the issues surrounding the categorization and approximation and by comparing the ways of expression in languages belonging to different language groups. All in all, by investigating syntactic, morphological, and semantic correlations between type noun binominals and other constructions in various languages, this volume will provide an overview of the current state of research on the subject in order to help scholars and students to grasp the meaning and the cognitive foundations of approximation and categorization. The functioning of each language might clarify the links between categorization and approximation, two often opposed, yet essentially indissociable, operations.

Download or read book Categorization and the Moral Order Routledge Revivals written by Lena Jayyusi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1984, this is a study of categorization practices: how people categorize each other and their actions; how they describe, infer, and judge. The book presents a sociological analysis and description of practical activities and makes a cogent contribution to the study of how the moral order actually works in practical communicative contexts. Among the issues dealt with are: collectivity categorizations, the organization of lists and descriptions, moral attribution and inferences, and the relationship between standards of morality and standards of rationality.

Download or read book The Directory of Language Categorization written by Ronald Legarski and published by SolveForce. This book was released on 2024-09-12 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Directory of Language Categorization: A Framework for Unified Communication" is an essential guide that delves into the systematic organization of language, offering readers a comprehensive framework for enhancing communication across various fields and disciplines. Written by Ronald Legarski, a seasoned expert in language and communication, this book provides a deep exploration of how language can be categorized and applied to foster clearer, more cohesive communication in both personal and professional contexts. The book presents a meticulously structured approach to language, examining its evolution, categorization, and real-world application. From exploring the intricacies of etymology and phonetics to developing mnemonic systems for language learning, Ronald Legarski introduces a unified framework that simplifies the complexity of language, making it accessible to linguists, educators, translators, and professionals alike. In "The Directory of Language Categorization: A Framework for Unified Communication," readers will discover: The fundamentals of language categorization through alphabetical and hierarchical structures. Detailed explanations of etymology, phonetics, and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Mnemonic techniques to aid in language learning and retention. Tools and strategies for achieving coherent communication across multiple languages and cultural contexts. Case studies that demonstrate the practical application of linguistic frameworks in education, translation, and technology. Drawing from his extensive experience as a linguist, content creator, and CEO of SolveForce, Ronald Legarski provides unique insights into the intersection of language and technology. His passion for understanding how words function within different contexts offers a fresh perspective on the essential role language plays in shaping our thoughts, interactions, and communication systems. This book is a must-read for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of language, whether for academic purposes, improving multilingual communication, or professional development. With its clear structure and practical examples, "The Directory of Language Categorization: A Framework for Unified Communication" serves as a valuable resource for anyone seeking to master the art of effective communication through a better understanding of language organization.

Download or read book Formal Approaches in Categorization written by Emmanuel M. Pothos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of constructing concepts underpins our capacity to encode information in an efficient and competent manner and also, ultimately, our ability to think in terms of abstract ideas such as justice, love and happiness. But what are the mechanisms which correspond to psychological categorization processes? This book unites many prominent approaches in modelling categorization. Each chapter focuses on a particular formal approach to categorization, presented by the proponent(s) or advocate(s) of that approach, and the authors consider the relation of this approach to other models and the ultimate objectives in their research programmes. The volume evaluates progress that has been made in the field and where it goes from here. This is an essential companion to any scientist interested in the formal description of categorization and, more generally, in formal approaches to cognition. It will be the definitive guide to formal approaches in categorization research for years to come.

Download or read book From Categories to Categorization written by Rodolphe Durrand and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-28 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together some of the world’s leading scholars of market categorization. Together, their contributions depict categorization as both a cognitive and a social process, tightly connected to actors involved, their specific acts, the entity being categorized, and the context and timing which inform these activities.

Download or read book Categorization by Humans and Machines written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-10-22 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the series has always been to provide a forum in which leading contributors to an area can write about significant bodies of research in which they are involved. The operating procedure has been to invite contributions from interesting, active investigators, and then allow them essentially free rein to present their perspectives on important research problems. The result of such invitations over the past two decades has been collections of papers which consist of thoughtful integrations providing an overview of a particular scientific problem. The series has an excellent tradition of high quality papers and is widely read by researchers in cognitive and experimental psychology.

Download or read book Linguistic Categorization written by John R. Taylor and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a readable and clearly articulated introduction to the field of Cognitive Linguistics. It explores the far-reaching implications of Eleanor Rosch's seminal work on categorization and prototype theory, extending the application of prototype theory from lexical semantics to morphology, syntax, and phonology. The third edition is fully revised and updated to include the considerable developments in Cognitive Linguistics since 1987. It covers recent research on polysemy, meaning relatedness and metaphors, as well as expanding the discussion of syntactic categories and the relevance of computer simulations.

Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Perceptual Categorization as Precursors to Speech Perception written by Einat Liebenthal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptual categorization is fundamental to the brain’s remarkable ability to process large amounts of sensory information and efficiently recognize objects including speech. Perceptual categorization is the neural bridge between lower-level sensory and higher-level language processing. A long line of research on the physical properties of the speech signal as determined by the anatomy and physiology of the speech production apparatus has led to descriptions of the acoustic information that is used in speech recognition (e.g., stop consonants place and manner of articulation, voice onset time, aspiration). Recent research has also considered what visual cues are relevant to visual speech recognition (i.e., the visual counter-parts used in lipreading or audiovisual speech perception). Much of the theoretical work on speech perception was done in the twentieth century without the benefit of neuroimaging technologies and models of neural representation. Recent progress in understanding the functional organization of sensory and association cortices based on advances in neuroimaging presents the possibility of achieving a comprehensive and far reaching account of perception in the service of language. At the level of cell assemblies, research in animals and humans suggests that neurons in the temporal cortex are important for encoding biological categories. On the cellular level, different classes of neurons (interneurons and pyramidal neurons) have been suggested to play differential roles in the neural computations underlying auditory and visual categorization. The moment is ripe for a research topic focused on neural mechanisms mediating the emergence of speech representations (including auditory, visual and even somatosensory based forms). Important progress can be achieved by juxtaposing within the same research topic the knowledge that currently exists, the identified lacunae, and the theories that can support future investigations. This research topic provides a snapshot and platform for discussion of current understanding of neural mechanisms underlying the formation of perceptual categories and their relationship to language from a multidisciplinary and multisensory perspective. It includes contributions (reviews, original research, methodological developments) pertaining to the neural substrates, dynamics, and mechanisms underlying perceptual categorization and their interaction with neural processes governing speech perception.

Download or read book Interactional Categorization and Gatekeeping written by Louise Tranekjær and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2015 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about categorization processes in native/non-native workplace interaction, within the context of internship interviews between Danish employers and second language speakers who were born abroad. In this volume, which is one of the first books on gatekeeping, Tranekjær seeks to address processes of power and ideology from a conversation analytical perspective. The book examines the challenges that non-native internship candidates face in processes of employment when employers and job-counsellors seek to conceptualize, categorize and address the candidates' linguistic, ethnic and religious otherness. The book shows how processes of categorization are influenced by broader structures of ideology related to social issues of controversy and debate such as migration, integration and second-language learning. The book also includes an overview of previous gatekeeping studies and proposes a redefinition of the term, which suggests a broader meaning and relevance of the notion.

Download or read book Medial measures for recognition mapping and categorization written by Morteza Rezanejad and published by McGill University. This book was released on with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual shape analysis plays a fundamental role in perception by man and by computer, allowing for inferences about properties of objects and scenes in the physical world. Mathematical approaches to describing visual form can benefit from the use of representations that simultaneously capture properties of an object's outline as well as its interior. Motivated by the success of medial models, this doctoral thesis revisits a quantity related to medial axis computations, the average outward flux of the gradient of the Euclidean distance function from a boundary, and then addresses three distinct problems using this measure. First, I consider the problem of view sphere partitioning for view-based object recognition from sparse views. View-based 3D object recognition requires a selection of model object views against which to match a query view. Ideally, for this to be computationally efficient, such a selection should be sparse. To address this problem, I introduce a novel hierarchical partitioning of the view sphere into regions within which the silhouette of a model object is qualitatively unchanged. To achieve this, I propose a part-based abstraction of a skeleton, as a graph, dubbed the Flux Graph, which allows for views to be grouped. Next, I consider the problem of mapping an initially-unknown 2D environment from possibly noisy sensed samples via an on-line procedure which robustly computes a retraction of its boundaries to obtain a topological representation. Here I motto an algorithm that allows for online map construction with loop closure. I demonstrate that the proposed method allows the robot to localize itself on a partially constructed map to calculate a path to unexplored parts of the environment (frontiers), to compute a robust terminating condition when the robot has fully explored the environment, and finally to achieve loop closure detection. I also show that the resulting map is stable under disturbances to the sensed boundary, and to variations in starting locations for exploration. Finally, I consider the problem of scene categorization from complex line drawings. In the context of human vision, we show that local ribbon symmetry between neighboring pairs of contours facilitates the categorization of complex real-world environments by human observers. In the context of computer vision, I demonstrate a high level of performance in the problem of convolutional neural network-based recognition of natural scenes from line drawings, even in the absence of color, texture and shading information.

Download or read book How Humans Recognize Objects Segmentation Categorization and Individual Identification written by Chris Fields and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings experience a world of objects: bounded entities that occupy space and persist through time. Our actions are directed toward objects, and our language describes objects. We categorize objects into kinds that have different typical properties and behaviors. We regard some kinds of objects – each other, for example – as animate agents capable of independent experience and action, while we regard other kinds of objects as inert. We re-identify objects, immediately and without conscious deliberation, after days or even years of non-observation, and often following changes in the features, locations, or contexts of the objects being re-identified. Comparative, developmental and adult observations using a variety of approaches and methods have yielded a detailed understanding of object detection and recognition by the visual system and an advancing understanding of haptic and auditory information processing. Many fundamental questions, however, remain unanswered. What, for example, physically constitutes an “object”? How do specific, classically-characterizable object boundaries emerge from the physical dynamics described by quantum theory, and can this emergence process be described independently of any assumptions regarding the perceptual capabilities of observers? How are visual motion and feature information combined to create object information? How are the object trajectories that indicate persistence to human observers implemented, and how are these trajectory representations bound to feature representations? How, for example, are point-light walkers recognized as single objects? How are conflicts between trajectory-driven and feature-driven identifications of objects resolved, for example in multiple-object tracking situations? Are there separate “what” and “where” processing streams for haptic and auditory perception? Are there haptic and/or auditory equivalents of the visual object file? Are there equivalents of the visual object token? How are object-identification conflicts between different perceptual systems resolved? Is the common assumption that “persistent object” is a fundamental innate category justified? How does the ability to identify and categorize objects relate to the ability to name and describe them using language? How are features that an individual object had in the past but does not have currently represented? How are categorical constraints on how objects move or act represented, and how do such constraints influence categorization and the re-identification of individuals? How do human beings re-identify objects, including each other, as persistent individuals across changes in location, context and features, even after gaps in observation lasting months or years? How do human capabilities for object categorization and re-identification over time relate to those of other species, and how do human infants develop these capabilities? What can modeling approaches such as cognitive robotics tell us about the answers to these questions? Primary research reports, reviews, and hypothesis and theory papers addressing questions relevant to the understanding of perceptual object segmentation, categorization and individual identification at any scale and from any experimental or modeling perspective are solicited for this Research Topic. Papers that review particular sets of issues from multiple disciplinary perspectives or that advance integrative hypotheses or models that take data from multiple experimental approaches into account are especially encouraged.