Download or read book Cancer Hazard Assessment and Risk Estimates for Polychlorinated Biphenyls Pcbs written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs written by Ulf G. Ahlborg and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 1992 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Risk Management Strategy for PCB Contaminated Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-07 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a risk-based framework for developing and implementing strategies to manage PCB-contaminated sediments at sites around the country. The framework has seven stages, beginning with problem definition, continuing through assessment of risks and management options, and ending with an evaluation of the success of the management strategy. At the center of the framework is continuous and active involvement of all affected parties-particularly communities-in the development, implementation, and evaluation of the management strategy. A Risk-Management Strategy for PCB-Contaminated Sediments emphasizes the need to consider all risks at a contaminated site, not just human health and ecological effects, but also the social, cultural, and economic impacts. Given the controversy that has arisen at many PCB-contaminated sites, this book provides a consistent, yet flexible, approach for dealing with the many issues associated with assessing and managing the risks at Superfund and other contaminated sites.
Download or read book The Benefits of Food Safety Regulation written by Marion Secrest Gold and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Task 3 Report PCBs in the Environment Near the Oak Ridge Reservation A Reconstruction of Historical Doses and Health Risks written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of an in-depth assessment of historical releases of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) and risks of adverse health effects in local populations. The study was conducted by ChemRisk, a service of McLaren/Hart, Inc., for the Tennessee Department of Health. The project team (1) investigated releases of PCBs from the government sites, (2) evaluated PCB levels in environmental media in the area, (3) described releases of PCBs from other sources in the area, and (4) evaluated potential human exposures and health impacts associated with the historical presence of these contaminants in the environment. Beginning in the 1940s, PCBs were used extensively on the ORR and throughout the U.S. as a fire retardant in electrical components. PCBs were also used as cutting fluids for lubrication and cooling during metal working operations. Using information specific to the ORR, the project team estimated health risks for five off-site populations: (1) farm families that raised beef, dairy cattle, and vegetables on the flood plain of East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC); (2) individuals who may have purchased beef and milk from cattle raised in the EFPC flood plain; (3) commercial and recreational fish consumers; (4) individuals that may have consumed turtles; and (5) users of surface water for recreation. Noteworthy features of the study include a two-dimensional analysis of uncertainty and variability in the non-cancer risk estimates and an assessment of the uncertainty in PCB toxicology thresholds. Conservative estimates of cancer risks from the ORR releases of PCBs to consumers of fish from Watts Bar Reservoir and the Clinch River range from less than 1 in a 1,000,000 to 2 in 10,000. Three or less excess cases of cancer would be expected to occur among individuals who consumed fish from these local waters since the 1940's. Persons who consumed large amounts of fish from the Clinch R. and Watts Bar were also at risk from non -cancer effects of PCBs. However, for Watts Bar, these risks were mainly due to sources of PCBs other than the ORR; the releases from the ORR appear to have placed an additional one to two percent of the total number of fish consumers potentially at risk. This percentage corresponds to approximately 1,000-2,000 fish consumers over the last 50 years. This report is one in a set of eight technical reports on the Oak Ridge Offsite Dose Reconstruction.
Download or read book Reducing Environmental Cancer Risk written by Suzanne H. Reuben and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though overall cancer incidence and mortality have continued to decline in recent years, cancer continues to devastate the lives of far too many Americans. In 2009 alone, 1.5 million American men, women, and children were diagnosed with cancer, and 562,000 died from the disease. There is a growing body of evidence linking environmental exposures to cancer. The Pres. Cancer Panel dedicated its 2008¿2009 activities to examining the impact of environmental factors on cancer risk. The Panel considered industrial, occupational, and agricultural exposures as well as exposures related to medical practice, military activities, modern lifestyles, and natural sources. This report presents the Panel¿s recommend. to mitigate or eliminate these barriers. Illus.
Download or read book Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs written by Ulf G. Ahlberg and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Industrial and Environmental Chemicals written by C. Richard Cothern and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimation and Evaluation of Cancer Risks Attributed to Air Pollution in Southeast Chicago written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs written by Obaid Faroon and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicology and adverse health effects information for the toxic substance described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicological properties.
Download or read book Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Biphenyls written by International Agency for Research on Cancer and published by IARC Monographs on the Evaluat. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls. Polychlorinated biphenyls are a class of aromatic compounds comprising 209 congeners, each containing 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to a biphenyl nucleus. Technical products, which were manufactured to obtain a certain degree of chlorination, are mixtures of numerous congeners. These products were widely used as dielectric fluid in capacitors and transformers, and to a lesser extent in building materials. Although their production and use has been banned in most countries, these compounds are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, including in polar regions and the deep ocean, because they are persistent and bioaccumulate. Worldwide monitoring programs have shown that polychlorinated biphenyls are present in most samples of human milk. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of polychlorinated biphenyls, of the subclass of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and of polybrominated biphenyls.
Download or read book Use of Risk Assessment in Evaluating Remediation of PCBs written by Resha M. Putzrath and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment is often used to evaluated the need for, and the potential effectiveness of, remediation of chemical contamination. Estimating the potential residual risk from polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may involve more complex issues than many other chemicals; the presence of more decision points in a risk assessment results in more potential for variation among the analyses performed by different people. For example, the toxicity of PCBs is known to vary with composition, but methods for estimating the toxicity of these complex mixtures for different toxicity endpoints are controversial. Changes in composition of the mixture with time, medium, and place of exposure may also significantly alter the toxicity and concomitant risk. In addition, some of the more interesting potential routes of exposure (e.g., contact with contaminated surface) may be estimated using a variety of models and assumptions, resulting in substantially different assessments of exposure and risk. Although various complex factors should be considered in the risk assessment, simple models should also be used to estimate an upper bound on risk to ensure that a concatenation of conservative assumptions do not result in impossible situations (e.g., predicting exposure to more PCBs by one or several routes than were available for the exposure that was estimated).
Download or read book Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-03 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
Download or read book Health Risks from Dioxin and Related Compounds written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-11-20 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency presented a comprehensive review of the scientific literature in its 2003 draft reassessment of the risks of dioxin, the agency did not sufficiently quantify the uncertainties and variabilities associated with the risks, nor did it adequately justify the assumptions used to estimate them, according to this new report from the National Academies' National Research Council. The committee that wrote the report recommended that EPA re-estimate the risks using several different assumptions and better communicate the uncertainties in those estimates. The agency also should explain more clearly how it selects both the data upon which the reassessment is based and the methods used to analyze them.
Download or read book Development of Advisory Levels for Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs Cleanup written by Seong T. Hwang and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polychlorinated Biphenyls written by Obaid Faroon and published by WHO. This book was released on 2003 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, produced commercially since 1929 for use in a variety of products including plastics and adhesives, surface coatings, inks, flame retardants, pesticides and paints. PCBs are environmentally persistent, and accumulate in the food chain. They are designated by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants as persistent pollutants, and many countries have severely restricted or banned the production of PCBs. This report evaluates the effects of PCBs on human health, caused due to exposure by inhaling contaminated air or ingesting contaminated food and water.
Download or read book Waste Incineration and Public Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-21 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incineration has been used widely for waste disposal, including household, hazardous, and medical wasteâ€"but there is increasing public concern over the benefits of combusting the waste versus the health risk from pollutants emitted during combustion. Waste Incineration and Public Health informs the emerging debate with the most up-to-date information available on incineration, pollution, and human healthâ€"along with expert conclusions and recommendations for further research and improvement of such areas as risk communication. The committee provides details on: Processes involved in incineration and how contaminants are released. Environmental dynamics of contaminants and routes of human exposure. Tools and approaches for assessing possible human health effects. Scientific concerns pertinent to future regulatory actions. The book also examines some of the social, psychological, and economic factors that affect the communities where incineration takes place and addresses the problem of uncertainty and variation in predicting the health effects of incineration processes.
