Download or read book Calving Strategies of Woodland Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Caribou in a Multi predator Ecosystem in Northeastern British Columbia written by David D. Gustine and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calf Survival of Woodland Caribou in a Multi predator Ecosystem written by David D. Gustine and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The proximate role of predation in limiting caribou (Rangifer tarandus) populations is well documented, but the long-term effects of predation pressure on selection of calving areas and the subsequent impacts to calving success remain unclear. We examined the relationships among calf survival, predation risk, and vegetation characteristics among 3 calving areas and across spatial scales in the Besa-Prophet River drainage of northern British Columbia"--page 1.
Download or read book Plasticity in Selection Strategies of Woodland Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Caribou During Winter and Calving written by David D. Gustine and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calving Behavior of Boreal Caribou in a Multi predator Multi use Landscape written by Craig Allen DeMars and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The boreal ecotype of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) is federally listed as Threatened due to population declines throughout its distribution. High mortality rates of neonate calves (≤ 4 weeks old) due to predation are a key demographic factor contributing to population declines and increasing predation has been linked to landscape disturbance within and adjacent to caribou range. To inform management strategies for improving rates of calf survival, I investigated the space use and habitat requirements of female boreal caribou during calving. Space is integral to the calving behaviour of boreal caribou with parturient females dispersing widely on the landscape, a behaviour hypothesized to reduce predation risk. I assessed potential evolutionary drivers of dispersion using simulation analyses that tracked caribou-wolf encounters during the calving season. I specifically assessed whether dispersion decreased predation risk by: (i) increasing predator search time, (ii) reducing predator encounters because individuals are inconspicuous relative to groups, or (iii) eliminating the risk of multiple kills per predator encounter of caribou groups. Simulation outputs show that dispersion only becomes favourable when differential detectability based on group size is combined with the risk of multiple kills per encounter. This latter effect, however, is likely the primary mechanism driving parturient females to disperse because group detectability effects are presumably constant year round. Simulation outputs further demonstrate that if females become increasingly clumped - a pattern that may result if caribou avoid disturbance in highly impacted landscapes - then calf survival is negatively affected. To specifically identify key attributes of calving habitat, I used a three-step process. First, I identified GPS locations where females were accompanied by neonate calves by developing two novel methods for predicting parturition events and neonate survival status based on female movement patterns. These methods predicted parturition with near certainty and provided reasonable estimates of neonate survival, which I further augmented with aerial survey data. Using the partitioned GPS location data, I then developed resource selection functions using a generalized mixed effects modelling approach that explicitly maintained the individual as the sampling and comparative unit. I discriminated calving areas from other areas within caribou range by conducting multiple comparisons based on season and maternal status. These comparisons show that parturient females shifted from bog-dominated winter ranges to calving areas dominated by fens. In general, reducing predation risk was a dominant factor driving calving habitat selection although the shift to fen landscapes indicates that females may be trading off increased predation risk to access higher quality forage because fens are riskier than bogs. As a third step, I explicitly evaluated calving habitat quality by relating maternal selection and use of resources to the probability of neonate survival. These analyses included spatially explicit covariates of predator-specific risk. Surprisingly, variation in landscape disturbance had minimal effect on calf survival; rather, survival was best explained by predation risk from black bears (Ursus americanus). Collectively, my findings yield important insights into the habitat requirements of boreal caribou during calving and highlight that management actions aimed at improving calving habitat quality will need to be conducted at large spatial scales.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Zoology written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wildlife 2001 Populations written by D.R. McCullough and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1984, a conference called Wildlife 2000: Modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates, was held at Stanford Sierra Camp at Fallen Leaf Lake in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. The conference was well-received, and the published volume (Verner, J. , M. L. Morrison, and C. J. Ralph, editors. 1986. Wildlife 2000: modeling habitat relationships of terrestrial vertebrates, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin, USA) proved to be a landmark publication that received a book award by The Wildlife Society. Wildlife 2001: populations was a followup conference with emphasis on the other major biological field of wildlife conservation and management, populations. It was held on July 29-31, 1991, at the Oakland Airport Hilton Hotel in Oakland, California, in accordance with our intent that this conference have a much stronger international representation than did Wildlife 2000. The goal of the conference was to bring together an international group of specialists to address the state of the art in wildlife population dynamics, and set the agenda for future research and management on the threshold of the 21st century. The mix of specialists included workers in theoretical, as well as practical, aspects of wildlife conservation and management. Three general sessions covered methods, modelling, and conservation of threatened species.
Download or read book Calf survival of woodland caribou in a multi predator ecosystem written by David L. Gustine and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foraging Ecology of Woodland Caribou in Boreal and Montane Ecosystems of Northeastern British Columbia written by Kristin Denryter and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are an iconic species of boreal and montane ecosystems, but many populations are declining due to habitat alteration and associated changes in predator-prey dynamics. Summer forage, however, influences lactation, juvenile growth, pregnancy, and survival, thereby affecting individuals and populations. I used tame caribou (of three nutritional classes - lactating, non-lactating, yearling) as a habitat assessment tool, at 135 sites across northeastern British Columbia, to determine: food habits and selection; dry matter intake rates; diet quality; and daily nutrient intakes. My goal was to assess the suitability of nutritional resources in boreal and montane plant communities to support energy and protein requirements of caribou during summer. Caribou were highly selective foragers. Deciduous shrubs were the primary summer forage of caribou; forbs, lichens, and mushrooms were secondary dietary items. Intake rates by caribou increased with increasing bite masses and quantities of accepted forage biomass (vegetation species used proportionately more than or equal to availability). Caribou achieved highest intakes at sites with an abundance of selected deciduous shrubs (e.g., willow-alpine sites, young forests) that afforded large bite masses, whereas lowest intakes occurred where mean bite masses were small (e.g., dry alpine, nutrient-poor forests). Dietary digestible energy (DE) and protein (DP) content, intake rates, and foraging time varied across plant communities and among nutritional classes. Caribou increased foraging time, but could not compensate for low intake rates and some plant communities failed to provide caribou with adequate nutrient intakes to support nutritional demands for lactation and maintenance of body mass. Although highest nutrient intakes were associated with productive sites, predation risk and disturbance may constrain the nutritional benefits caribou can acquire from these sites. In a pilot study, I mapped foodscapes of DE and DP intakes for a herd of free-ranging boreal caribou. Caribou did not select for nutrient intakes, but other factors including food quantity, predation risk, and accuracy of spatial data layers, may have confounded my ability to isolate the role of nutrition in habitat selection. Insights from this study into the nutritional ecology of caribou during summer can better inform caribou conservation and management.
Download or read book An Evaluation of Woodland Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Caribou Calving Habitat in the Wabowden Area Manitoba written by and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wabowden woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) herd in north central Manitoba is considered at high risk due to potential loss of desirable habitat caused by forestry operations. The objectives of this study were to identify and examine the characteristics of calving habitat of the Wabowden caribou herd, to describe and evaluate the habitat in terms of timber resource values, and to identify potential conflicts between caribou habitat requirements and forestry operations. Telemetry locations from 14 female caribou between the middle of May to the end of June in 1995 and 1997 were examined. The calving habitat was described using the Forest Ecosystem Classification for Manitoba, Forest Resource Inventory attributes, and ground vegetation composition data collected from 58 caribou locations. Field data suggested that during the study period, marked cows were often associated with lowland black spruce stands scattered across muskeg. No use of islands in lakes was observed. Habitat use and availability analysis indicated that caribou seemed to avoid deciduous stands, stands with early cutting classes, and non-black spruce conifer stands. The use of treed muskeg was more than expected from its availability. No significant differences were found between calving habitat and random locations in terms of habitat heterogeneity and distance from landscape objects, with the exception of the distance from transmission lines. Timber merchantability of survey sites indicated that the calving habitat in the northern portion of the study area was potentially at risk due to habitat alteration by forestry operations. Calving habitats found in the central and southern part of study area mostly had low timber merchantability, mainly due to the inaccessibility and isolation of the stands.
Download or read book An Evaluation of Woodland Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Caribou Calving Habitat in the Wabowden Area Manitoba written by Tamaki Hirai and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavioural Responses of Newfoundland Woodland Caribou to Predator Cues written by Katherine Christina Unger and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insular Newfoundland woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus) have experienced tremendous population declines since the early 2000s, attributable to density-dependent processes mediated largely by predation. Given the diversity of island predators (black bears, coyotes, lynx and bald eagles), caribou are thought to perceive and react to the different predators in a manner that accordingly minimizes the probability of death and maximizes benefits of fitness-enhancing activities. The presence of predators requires prey species to divert energy resources from foraging and feeding behaviours to vigilance and predator avoidance behaviours. This study was designed to identify and describe caribou behavioural responses to predator encounters. Experimental approach trials (n=137) were employed in the calving region of the Middle Ridge caribou herd (central Newfoundland) in order to simulate different predator visual cues and to elicit corresponding caribou flight responses. Approach trials encompassed the time period when calf mortality by predation is highest. The flight initiation distance of caribou (the distance between approacher and caribou at the moment of initial flight) was found to differ in accordance with the colour of clothing (tan or black) but not the movement mode (walk or crawl) employed by human experimenters. Flight initiation distance was greater in response to black approaches and was greatest during the two week calving period from late May to mid June. There was little evidence that vegetation resources influenced the decision to remain or flee; however this finding may reflect the calving range fidelity of caribou to areas of consistent forage quality. This study yields important findings concerning variation in predator avoidance behaviour of caribou in response to historical i.e., black bear, Ursus americanus) and novel (i.e., coyote, Canis latrans) predators. Differential behavioural responses to predators are particularly important to understand as rapidly growing anthropogenic landscape development and use is leading to increased predator encounters.
Download or read book Spatial Factors Influencing Northern Mountain Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Survival and Distribution in the Telkwa Range written by Laura Vivian Grant and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human-induced habitat alteration has led to the decline of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations across Canada. The many challenges in conserving caribou are exemplified by a herd of northern mountain caribou in the Telkwa Range of central British Columbia. Despite population augmentation in the 1990s, this herd has declined to 18 individuals, yet mechanisms driving this decline are largely unknown. I used location data from caribou collared between 1991-2015 to investigate the influence of human disturbances - including forestry, roads, and recreation - on survival (N = 224) and habitat selection (N = 76). Results suggested that the decline of this herd was largely driven by a shift in predator prey dynamics following forest harvest. Further exacerbating the decline were the cumulative effects of disturbance in the Telkwa Range. Roads, recreation, and forestry influenced the distribution of the Telkwa caribou herd, ultimately affecting habitat availability and the ability of caribou to successfully manage predation risk.
Download or read book Calving Ground Habitat Selection of Boreal Woodland Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Caribou in the Owl Flintstone Range written by Daniel L. J. Dupont and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boreal woodland caribou -- calving -- islands -- bog -- black spruce -- lichen.
Download or read book Conservation of Woodland Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Caribou in West central Alberta written by Robert Bruce Lessard and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mating Strategies of Woodland Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Caribou microform written by Heather Elizabeth Butler and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1986 with total page 1166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mating behaviour of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) was studied in populations from contrasting environments (located in Brunette Island, Newfoundland; Spatsizi Wilderness Park, B.C.; and the Slate Islands, Ont.) that were expected to influence reproductive tactics. The major objectives of this study were to examine the functional aspects of rutting behaviour of males and to examine the relationship between the environment and the mating behavior of males and females.
Download or read book Woodland Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Caribou Habitat Classification in Northeastern Alberta Using Remote Sensing written by Gerardo-Arturo Sánchez-Azofeifa and published by Alberta Public Affairs Bureau. This book was released on 2001 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management Strategy and Options for the Tweedsmuir Entiako Caribou Winter Range written by Deborah Bernadette Cichowski and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
