Download or read book California Specific Power to Hydrogen and Power to Gas Business Case Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flexible operation of electrolysis systems represents an opportunity to reduce the cost of hydrogen for a variety of end-uses while also supporting grid operations and thereby enabling greater renewable penetration. California is an ideal location to realize that value on account of growing renewable capacity and markets for hydrogen as a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel, refineries, and other end-uses. Shifting the production of hydrogen to avoid high cost electricity and participation in utility and system operator markets along with installing renewable generation to avoid utility charges and increase revenue from the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) program can result in around $2.5/kg (21%) reduction in the production and delivery cost of hydrogen from electrolysis. This reduction can be achieved without impacting the consumers of hydrogen. Additionally, future strategies for reducing hydrogen cost were explored and include lower cost of capital, participation in the Renewable Fuel Standard program, capital cost reduction, and increased LCFS value. Each must be achieved independently and could each contribute to further reductions. Using the assumptions in this study found a 29% reduction in cost if all future strategies are realized. Flexible hydrogen production can simultaneously improve the performance and decarbonize multiple energy sectors. The lessons learned from this study should be used to understand near-term cost drivers and to support longer-term research activities to further improve cost effectiveness of grid integrated electrolysis systems.
Download or read book California Power to Gas and Power to Hydrogen Near Term Business Case Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flexible operation of electrolysis systems represents an opportunity to reduce the cost of hydrogen for a variety of end-uses while also supporting grid operations and thereby enabling greater renewable penetration. California is an ideal location to realize that value on account of growing renewable capacity and markets for hydrogen as a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) fuel, refineries, and other end-uses. Shifting the production of hydrogen to avoid high cost electricity and participation in utility and system operator markets along with installing renewable generation to avoid utility charges and increase revenue from the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) program can result in around $2.5/kg (21%) reduction in the production and delivery cost of hydrogen from electrolysis. This reduction can be achieved without impacting the consumers of hydrogen. Additionally, future strategies for reducing hydrogen cost were explored and include lower cost of capital, participation in the Renewable Fuel Standard program, capital cost reduction, and increased LCFS value. Each must be achieved independently and could each contribute to further reductions. Using the assumptions in this study found a 29% reduction in cost if all future strategies are realized. Flexible hydrogen production can simultaneously improve the performance and decarbonize multiple energy sectors. The lessons learned from this study should be used to understand near-term cost drivers and to support longer-term research activities to further improve cost effectiveness of grid integrated electrolysis systems.
Download or read book Hydrogen Energy California Project Sections 4 3 4 8 written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This project is for an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generating facility called Hydrogen Energy California (HECA) in Kern County, California.... The project, as proposed, would gasify blends of petroleum coke (25 %) and coal (75%) to produce hydrogen to fuel a combustion turbine operating in combined cycle mode. The gasification component would produce 180 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) of hydrogen to feed a 400 megawatt (MW) gross, 288 MW net combined cycle plant providing California with dispatchable baseload power to the grid. The gasification component would also capture approximately 130 MMSCFD of carbon dioxide (or approximately 90 percent at steady-state operation) which would be transported and used for enhanced oil recovery and sequestration (storage) in the Elk Hills Oil Field Unit. The HECA project would also produce approximately 1 million tons of fertilizer for domestic use" --California Energy Commission web site, Docket 08-AFC-8A.
Download or read book Hydrogen Energy California Project written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Energy California Project Sections 4 9 9 written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This project is for an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generating facility called Hydrogen Energy California (HECA) in Kern County, California.... The project, as proposed, would gasify blends of petroleum coke (25 %) and coal (75%) to produce hydrogen to fuel a combustion turbine operating in combined cycle mode. The gasification component would produce 180 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) of hydrogen to feed a 400 megawatt (MW) gross, 288 MW net combined cycle plant providing California with dispatchable baseload power to the grid. The gasification component would also capture approximately 130 MMSCFD of carbon dioxide (or approximately 90 percent at steady-state operation) which would be transported and used for enhanced oil recovery and sequestration (storage) in the Elk Hills Oil Field Unit. The HECA project would also produce approximately 1 million tons of fertilizer for domestic use" --California Energy Commission web site, Docket 08-AFC-8A.
Download or read book Hydrogen Energy California Project Sections 1 4 2 written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This project is for an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generating facility called Hydrogen Energy California (HECA) in Kern County, California.... The project, as proposed, would gasify blends of petroleum coke (25 %) and coal (75%) to produce hydrogen to fuel a combustion turbine operating in combined cycle mode. The gasification component would produce 180 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) of hydrogen to feed a 400 megawatt (MW) gross, 288 MW net combined cycle plant providing California with dispatchable baseload power to the grid. The gasification component would also capture approximately 130 MMSCFD of carbon dioxide (or approximately 90 percent at steady-state operation) which would be transported and used for enhanced oil recovery and sequestration (storage) in the Elk Hills Oil Field Unit. The HECA project would also produce approximately 1 million tons of fertilizer for domestic use" --California Energy Commission web site, Docket 08-AFC-8A.
Download or read book Hydrogen and Fuel Cells written by International Energy Agency and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2004 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen and fuel cells are vital technologies to ensure a secure and CO2-free energy future. Their development will take decades of extensive public and private effort to achieve technology breakthroughs and commercial maturity. Government research programs are indispensable for catalyzing the development process. This report maps the IEA countries' current efforts to research, develop and deploy the interlocking elements that constitute a "hydrogen economy", including CO2 capture and storage when hydrogen is produced out of fossil fuels. It provides an overview of what is being done, and by whom, covering an extensive complexity of national government R & D programs. The survey highlights the potential for exploiting the benefits of the international cooperation. This book draws primarily upon information contributed by IEA governments. In virtually all the IEA countries, important R & D and policy efforts on hydrogen and fuel cells are in place and expanding. Some are fully-integrated, government-funded programs, some are a key element in an overall strategy spread among multiple public and private efforts. The large amount of information provided in this publication reflects the vast array of technologies and logistics required to build the "hydrogen economy."--Publisher description.
Download or read book Combined Heat and Power Systems Analysis for California written by Timothy Edward Lipman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Analysis of Wind powered Electrolysis based Hydrogen Fueling Stations in California written by Matthew Jones and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the number of light-duty vehicles in the world potentially tripling from today's number by 2050, there are three main options for greenhouse gas reductions: 1) reduce the amount of vehicle miles traveled, 2) improve fuel economy, 3) switch to low-carbon fuels. Utilizing Hydrogen as a low-carbon fuel is particularly salient since it reduces the carbon footprint from fuel consumption while increasing fuel economy. Hydrogen has been widely studied for its low-carbon fueling properties, but in order to realize its full GHG reduction benefits, hydrogen must be made from low carbon primary sources such as wind and solar power. This thesis is an assessment of current and future prospects for wind hydrogen production in California to supply fuel to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. I have developed an engineering/economic model that uses wind production and hydrogen demand as inputs to design on-site electrolysis hydrogen stations and calculate hydrogen cost for various hydrogen production scenarios. My analysis showed that the best case scenario for levelized hydrogen cost using wind production is $6.41 per kg in the year 2050, which equates to $3.25/gallon when compared to gasoline on a per mile basis.
Download or read book Exploring New Energy Choices for California written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Technical Economic and Environmental Assessment of the Production of Renewable Hydrogen from Wind in California written by Obadiah Julian Bartholomy and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis seeks to evaluate one potential approach to facilitating increased renewable penetration and alternative fuel production, the use of wind power in the production of hydrogen for transportation. To fully assess this approach, technical, economic, and environmental impacts are evaluated using a Renewable Hydrogen Technical, Economic, and Environmental Model (RHPTEEM). The RHPTEEM model is used to evaluate scenarios for two California regions, looking out to the year 2030. The technical considerations of evaluating the use of wind electricity to generate hydrogen involve evaluation of wind resource profiles and electricity grid demands, the evaluation of electrolyzers and balance of plant required for hydrogen compression and storage, and the evaluation of the use of hydrogen pipelines and the electricity grid to turn remote wind electricity into hydrogen dispensed in central metropolitan demand centers. Findings from the technical assessment indicate that there exists a significant amount of wind resource potential that if developed, is likely to create large surpluses of wind electricity during times of the day where it is less desirable for use directly in the electricity grid. In particular, both the Solano and Tehachapi resource areas experience their highest capacity factors in the summer months between 11 PM and 5 AM, which correspond with the lowest demand hours on the electricity grid for both regions. The state of electrolysis units today would allow conversion of that electricity at approximately 70% efficiency to hydrogen, though future improvements could bring this efficiency upwards towards 80 to 85%. The electricity grid provides the preferred transportation option for the wind electricity until such time as hydrogen demand reaches nearly 1,000,000 vehicles in a particular region, at which time, construction of a pipeline to provide the hydrogen from electrolyzers sited at the wind farm would make sense. The economics of producing hydrogen from wind electricity depend heavily on the capacity factor of the electrolyzer and the price of the electricity that is used in the electrolyzer. In the near term, for electrolyzer capacity factors above 60%, electricity price is the primary driver. As electrolyzer prices decline, lower capacity factors can be achieved, and once capital costs drop below $300-$500 per kW, operation using wind as the sole driver for production makes sense. The economic production of electrolytic hydrogen depends heavily on getting access to wholesale electricity prices by utility ownership or control of electrolyzer operation. Operation at retail electricity prices in California would result in electrolytic hydrogen costs exceeding $7 or $8 per kg. By accessing wholesale electricity costs, hydrogen could be produced at costs closer to $4 per kg. In looking specifically at Southern and Northern California scenarios for utilization of hydrogen, it appears that a significant number of vehicles could be fueled by surplus wind electricity based hydrogen in both regions by 2030. In Southern California, the surplus wind electricity from an installed capacity of 8,000 MW of Southern California wind turbines could result in enough hydrogen for 350,000 vehicles in 2030, and if the electolyzer capacity was operated at maximum capacity factors using grid electricity to supplement, would be enough hydrogen for 760,000 vehicles. For the Sacramento region, the surplus electricity produced during off-peak hours could provide fuel for between 15,000 to 34,000 vehicles depending on whether the electrolyzers used wind electricity only, or whether they used a mixture of wind and grid electricity. Hydrogen production would be expected to remain distributed until vehicle fleets approaching 1,000,000 vehicles were achieved, sometime between 2030 and 2040 in Southern California, and somewhat later than that in Sacramento. The expected costs of hydrogen would be driven almost entirely by electricity prices, as the electrolyzer prices fall from nearly $2 per kg in 2008 to around $0.80 per kg in 2030. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Download or read book California s Hydrogen Highway written by Daniel Sperling Sperling and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Energy California Project written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This project is for an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generating facility called Hydrogen Energy California (HECA) in Kern County, California.... The project, as proposed, would gasify blends of petroleum coke (25 %) and coal (75%) to produce hydrogen to fuel a combustion turbine operating in combined cycle mode. The gasification component would produce 180 million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD) of hydrogen to feed a 400 megawatt (MW) gross, 288 MW net combined cycle plant providing California with dispatchable baseload power to the grid. The gasification component would also capture approximately 130 MMSCFD of carbon dioxide (or approximately 90 percent at steady-state operation) which would be transported and used for enhanced oil recovery and sequestration (storage) in the Elk Hills Oil Field Unit. The HECA project would also produce approximately 1 million tons of fertilizer for domestic use" --California Energy Commission web site, Docket 08-AFC-8A.
Download or read book Before the Public Utilities Commission of the State of California written by California Public Utilities Commission and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of the California Energy Industry written by California Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clean Growth written by California Consumer Power and Conservation Financing Authority and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Humboldt County as a Renewable Energy Secure Community written by Jim Zoellick and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
