Download or read book Calculation of Equilibrium Constants for Isotopic Exchange Reactions written by Jacob Bigeleisen and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conference on Isotopic Exchange Reactions and Chemical Kinetics written by Brookhaven National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Calculation of Thermodynamic Functions from Molecular Data written by Ivan Nikolaevich Godnev and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Deuterium and Shift Calculation written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1931 Vrey, Brickwedde, and Murphy discovered the hydrogen isotope deuterium. The isotopic enrichment was found to arise from the fact that the electrolysis oflight water is faster than of heavy water [1,2]. This success showed that although different isotopes of an element behave identically from a chemical standpoint the different isotopic masses nevertheless lead to both isotope effects on equilibrium as well as on rate constants of chemical reactions. Soon, ratios of equilibrium constants of isotopic reactions were called "equilibrium isotope effects" (EIE), ratios of isotopic rate constants "kinetic isotope effects" (KIE). Isotope effects have been found to be especially large for those elements which are directly involved in bond breaking and bond formation during the reaction studied [3]. Such effects are, therefore, referred to as "primary". Isotopic substitution in atomic sites which maintain all chemical bonds with their neighbors during the reaction of interest leads then only to smaller "secondary" isotope effects. Because of the unique mass relation between the different hydrogen isotopes hydrogen/deuterium isotope effects are particularly large and have attracted most attention. The largest contributions to these effects arise from changes in the vibrational frequencies of the reactants. The theory of equilibrium isotope effects has been founded by Vrey [4] and Bigeleisen [5,6] and has widely been accepted [3].

Download or read book Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry Volume I written by Sandor Nagy and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2009-08-25 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Chemical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The content of the Theme on Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry provides the essential aspects and a myriad of issues of great relevance to our world such as: Isotope Effects, Isotope Separation and Isotope Fractionation; Radiometric Dating and Tracing; Radiochemical Techniques; Radionuclides in Chemical Research; Nuclear Methods in Material Research; Radiation Chemistry; Radiation Biology and Radiation Protection; Radiochemistry and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry for Medicine; Chemistry of the Actinide Elements; Production And Chemistry Of Transactinide Elements; Nuclear Waste Management and the Nuclear Fuel Cycle; High-intensity Lasers in Nuclear Science; Nuclear Forensics; Nuclear Processes in Nature; Subatomic Particles, Nuclear Structure and Stability. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

Download or read book Isotope Effects In Chemistry and Biology written by Amnon Kohen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of isotope effects has expanded exponentially in the last decade, and researchers are finding isotopes increasingly useful in their studies. Bringing literature on the subject up to date, Isotope Effects in Chemistry and Biology covers current principles, methods, and a broad range of applications of isotope effects in the physical, biolo

Download or read book Isotope Separation and Isotope Exchange written by G. M. Begun and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applied Theoretical Organic Chemistry written by Tantillo Dean J and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides state-of-the-art information on how studies in applied theoretical organic chemistry are conducted. It highlights the many approaches and tools available to those interested in using computational chemistry to predict and rationalize structures and reactivity of organic molecules. Chapters not only describe theoretical techniques in detail, but also describe recent applications and offer practical advice. Authored by many of the world leaders in the field of applied theoretical chemistry, this book is perfect for both practitioners of computational chemistry and synthetic and mechanistic organic chemists curious about applying computational techniques to their research. Contents: Modeling Organic Reactions — General Approaches, Caveats, and Concerns (Stephanie R Hare, Brandi M Hudson and Dean J Tantillo)Overview of Computational Methods for Organic Chemists (Edyta M Greer and Kitae Kwon)Brief History of Applied Theoretical Organic Chemistry (Steven M Bachrach)Solvation (Carlos Silva Lopez and Olalla Nieto Faza)Conformational Searching for Complex, Flexible Molecules (Alexander C Brueckner, O Maduka Ogba, Kevin M Snyder, H Camille Richardson and Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong)NMR Prediction (Kelvin E Jackson and Robert S Paton)Energy Decomposition Analysis and Related Methods (Israel Fernández)Systems with Extensive Delocalization (L Zoppi and K K Baldridge)Modern Treatments of Aromaticity (Judy I-Chia Wu)Weak Intermolecular Interactions (Rajat Maji and Steven E Wheeler)Predicting Reaction Pathways from Reactants (Romain Ramozzi, W M C Sameera and Keiji Morokuma)Unusual Potential Energy Surfaces and Nonstatistical Dynamic Effects (Charles Doubleday)The Distortion/Interaction Model for Analysis of Activation Energies of Organic Reactions (K N Houk, Fang Liu, Yun-Fang Yang and Xin Hong)Spreadsheet-Based Computational Predictions of Isotope Effects (O Maduka Ogba, John D Thoburn and Daniel J O'Leary)Stereoelectronic Effects: Analysis by Computational and Theoretical Methods (Gabriel dos Passos Gomes and Igor Alabugin)pKa Prediction (Yijie Niu and Jeehiun K Lee)Issues Particular to Organometallic Reactions (Gang Lu, Huiling Shao, Humair Omer and Peng Liu)Computationally Modeling Nonadiabatic Dynamics and Surface Crossings in Organic Photoreactions (Arthur Winter)Challenges in Predicting Stereoselectivity (Elizabeth H Krenske) Readership: Practitioners of computational chemistry and synthetic and mechanistic organic chemists curious about applying computational techniques to their research. Keywords: Organic Chemistry;Theoretical Chemistry;Stereoselectivity;NMR Prediction;pKa Prediction;Organic PhotoreactionsReview: Key Features: A particular strength is the mix of theoretical background, informative examples and practical advice providedChapters are authored by many of world leaders in the field of applied theoretical chemistry

Download or read book Isotopic Exchange Reactions written by Milton Kahn and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stable Isotopes in High Temperature Geological Processes written by John W. Valley and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 16 of Reviews in Mineralogy inroduces to high-temperature stable isotope geochemistry and should provide an entry into the pertinent literature, as well as some understanding of the basic concepts and potential applications. The first three chapters focus on the theory and experimental data base for equilibrium, disequilibrium, and kinetics of stable isotope exchange reactions among geologically important minerals and fluids. The fourth chapter discusses the primordial oxygen isotope variations in the solar system prior to formation of the Earth, along with a discussion of isotopic anomalies in meteorites. The fifth chapter discusses isotopic variations in the Earth's mantle and the sixth chapter reviews the variations in the isotopic compositions of natural waters on our planet. In Chapters 7, 8, 9 and 10, these isotopic constraints and concepts are applied to various facets of the origin and evolution of igneous rocks, bringing in much material on radiogenic isotopes as well, because these problems require a multi-dimensional attack for their solution. In Chapters 11 and 12, the problems of hydrothermal alteration by meteoric waters and ocean water are considered, together with discussions of the physics and chemistry of hydrothermal systems and the 18O/16O history of ocean water. Finally, in Chapters 13 and 14, these concepts are applied to problems of metamorphic petrology and ore deposits, particularly with respect to the origins of the fluids involved in those processes.

Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Jochen Hoefs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book was published in 1973, the second, totally rewritten, followed 7 years later in 1980. Because the field of stable isotopes is still grow ing and exerting an increasing influence on geosciences in general, it seems to be necessary, after a further 7 years, to revise the edition again accordingly. Not only has the previous edition been updated, but two completely new chapters on the isotopic composi tion of mantle-derived material and on the isotopic composition of the ocean during the geologie past, have been added. The references concentrate on re cent literature. In some cases, older references have been omitted to save space. I do not intend to underrate the value of older publications, but only to keep the reference list - al ready very voluminous in relation to the totallengt- from becoming even larger. An early draft has been reviewed by Russell Harmon and Alan Matthews. John Valley has se nt me a preprint of an artic1e on metamorphie rocks. To all three of them I owe my deepest thanks.

Download or read book Short Papers of the Fourth International Conference Geochronology Cosmochronology Isotope Geology 1978 written by Robert E. Zartman and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Open file Report written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Biological Fractionation of Isotopes written by Eric Galimov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biological Fractionation of Isotopes focuses on the biological fractionation of isotopes and presents calculations of the thermodynamic isotopic beta factor for polyatomic carbon compounds. This book provides experimental and theoretical evidence of the phenomenon of thermodynamically ordered distribution of isotopes in biological systems. This book consists of 12 chapters and opens with an overview of the causes of fractionation of isotopes, along with concepts such as isotopic composition and isotopic effects. The discussion then turns to the isotopic composition of the carbon of organisms; a method of calculating the thermodynamic isotopic factors of polyatomic compounds; and results of experimental investigations of intermolecular and intramolecular isotopic effects. A theoretical model of biological fractionation of isotopes is also described. The following chapters explore the regularities of the biological distribution of isotopes and present the results of some biochemical experiments, including the enzymatic decarboxylation of pyruvate and microbiological oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. In addition, the geologic aspects of thermodynamically ordered isotopic distributions in biological products are analyzed. This monograph will be of interest to biologists, geochemists, analytical chemists, and geologists.

Download or read book Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry written by Attila Vértes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 3693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and extended 6 volume handbook set is the most comprehensive and voluminous reference work of its kind in the field of nuclear chemistry. The Handbook set covers all of the chemical aspects of nuclear science starting from the physical basics and including such diverse areas as the chemistry of transactinides and exotic atoms as well as radioactive waste management and radiopharmaceutical chemistry relevant to nuclear medicine. The nuclear methods of the investigation of chemical structure also receive ample space and attention. The international team of authors consists of scores of world-renowned experts - nuclear chemists, radiopharmaceutical chemists and physicists - from Europe, USA, and Asia. The Handbook set is an invaluable reference for nuclear scientists, biologists, chemists, physicists, physicians practicing nuclear medicine, graduate students and teachers - virtually all who are involved in the chemical and radiopharmaceutical aspects of nuclear science. The Handbook set also provides further reading via the rich selection of references.

Download or read book Isotopes of the Earth s Hydrosphere written by V.I. Ferronsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the distribution, hydrochemistry and geophysics of the naturally occurring stable isotopes namely: hydrogen, oxygen and radioactive tritium, carbon and other cosmogenic and radiogenic isotopes of the uranium-thorium series, in the oceans and in atmosphere, the earth's surface and ground water. The use of environmental isotopes in the three main areas of natural waters is discussed: origin, dynamics and residence time in natural reservoirs. The origin of the hydrosphere is examined in the light of isotopic, new cosmochemical and recent theoretical results. The book will be of interest to scientists and researchers who use environmental isotopes in solving scientific and practical problems in hydrology, hydrogeology, oceanography, meteorology, hydrogeochemistry and cosmochemistry. Lecturers, students and postgraduates in these fields will also find it useful.

Download or read book Atkins Physical Chemistry written by Peter Atkins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 1035 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PART 1: THERMODYNAMICS PART 2: STRUCTURE PART 3: CHANGE