Download or read book Calcite Dissolution Kinetics in the System H2O Co2 CaCo3 with Participation of Foreign Ions written by Dieter Buhmann and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Groundwater Chemical Kinetics and Fractal Characteristics of Karst Tunnel written by Cangsong Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The key to the solution of geological hazards such as Karst water inrush and mud burst in tunnel lies in the accurate prediction or detection of Karst and groundwater. By means of on-site monitoring, theoretical analysis and indoor simulation experiments, the authors conduct in-depth research on the characteristics of water-bearing media and their mechanism of action, and explored the relevance of "Karst morphology", "Karst groundwater" and "fractal characteristics". An evaluation model of Karst development degree based on hydrochemical kinetic parameters and fractal index of Karst morphology is established. Based on the combination of Karst groundwater dynamics, hydrochemistry, water-rock interaction theory and fractal theory, the hydrochemical Kinetics and fractal index evaluation technique for Karst development is proposed. It provides a new theory and method for improving the accuracy of Karst and groundwater forecasting. The research results are of practical and guiding significance to the construction, Karst geological disasters prevention and management of various underground projects in Karst areas. Engineers and technicians, hydrogeological engineering geologists, and college students engaged in tunnel and underground engineering will find it valuable.
Download or read book Dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate minerals in H2O CO2 solutions in turbulent flow written by Zaihua Liu and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates written by J.W. Morse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-08-27 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the more basic aspects of carbonate minerals and their interaction with aqueous solutions; modern marine carbonate formation and sediments; carbonate diagenesis (early marine, meteoric and burial); the global cycle of carbon and human intervention; and the role of sedimentary carbonates as indicators of stability and changes in the Earth's surface environment. The selected subjects are presented with sufficient background information to enable the non-specialist to understand the basic chemistry involved. Tested on classes taught by the authors, and approved by the students, this comprehensive volume will prove itself to be a valuable reference source to students, researchers and professionals in the fields of oceanography, geochemistry, petrology, environmental science and petroleum geology.
Download or read book Nucleation of Minerals Precursors Intermediates and Their Use in Materials Chemistry written by Denis Gebauer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Nucleation of Minerals: Precursors, Intermediates and Their Use in Materials Chemistry" that was published in Minerals
Download or read book Engineering Geology and the Environment written by Paul G. Marinos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 1210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Progress in Hydrogeochemistry written by Georg Matthess and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth scientists, who have worked together for 6 years in the priority pro gram "Hydrogeochemical Processes in the Hydrological Cycle Within the Unsaturated and Saturated Zones", have summarized the results of their research in this volume. This is the occasion to take stock and then look ahead. The priority program was set up by the Senate of The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in October 1981. This was preceded by lengthy and careful preparation by a Program Committee, and was finally recom mended by the Senate Commission for Joint Research in Earth Sciences. The main aim was the interdisciplinary research of geochemical processes in natural systems in the total underground water cycle, whereby water pollution was not to be considered. Officially started on 1 September 1982, the program has received a grant of DM 10. 9 Mio. from the DFG, and this has enabled it to support a total of 50 projects. Although at the beginning, practice-oriented projects, which were funded elsewhere, were not to be included, many of the results are applicable. The four categories presented were investigated with vary ing intensity. An early concentration on certain representative fields of measurement and research areas proved to be the right approach - this avoided a waste of effort in other fields. During the period of the priority program, new and topical questions arose, e. g.
Download or read book Calcite Dissolution Kinetics and Solubility in Na Ca Mg Cl Brines of Geologically Relevant Composition at 0 1 to 1 Bar PCO2 and 25 to 80 C written by Dwight Kuehl Gledhill and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sedimentary basins can contain close to 20% by volume pore fluids that are commonly classified as brines. These fluids can become undersaturated with respect to calcite as a result of processes such as migration, dispersive mixing, or anthropogenic injection of CO2. This study measured calcite solubility and dissolution rates in geologically relevant Na-Ca-Mg-Cl synthetic brines (35 to 200 g L−1 TDS). In brines 50 g L−1 TDS, the EQPITZER calculated calcium carbonate ion activity product (IAP) at steady-state was in reasonable agreement ("10%) with the thermodynamic solubility constant for calcite (K[subscript]c). However, the IAP systematically exceeded K[subscript]c in more concentrated brines. The deviation was strongly correlated with calcium concentration and also was observed in magnesium-free solutions. This is interpreted as an uncertainty in the carbonate ion activity coefficient, and minor adjustment in stoichiometric association constants (K*[subscript]M2+CO0[over]3) for the CaCO0[over]3 or MgCo0[over]3 ion pairs would correct for the error. The dissolution rate dependency on brine composition, pCO2 (0.1 to 1 bar), and temperature (25.0 to 82.5 °C) was modeled using the empirical rate equation R = k(1-[omega]0 [superscript]n where R is the rate, k and n are empirical fitting terms, and [omega] the degree of disequilibrium with respect to calcite. When [omega] was defined relative to an apparent kinetic solubility, n could be assumed first-order over the range of [omega] investigated ([omega] = 0.2 to 1.0). Rates increased with increasing pCO2 as did the sensitivity to brine concentration. At 0.1 bar, rates were nearly independent of concentration (k = 13.0 "2.0 x 10−3 moles m−1 hr−1). However, at higher CO2 partial pressures rates became composition dependent and the rate constant, k, was shown to be a function of temperature, pCO2, ionic strength, and calcium and magnesium activity. The rate constant (k) can be estimated from a multiple regression (MR) model of the form [unable to replicate formula]. A relatively high activation energy (E[subscript]a = 20 kJ mol−1) was measured, along with a stirring rate independence suggesting the dissolution is dominated by surface controlled processes at saturation states [omega] 0.2 in these calcium-rich brines. These findings offer important implications to reaction-transport models in carbonate-bearing saline reservoirs.
Download or read book Environmental Geology written by Klaus Knödel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 1375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This illustrated handbook describes a broad spectrum of methods in the fields of remote sensing, geophysics, geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, and microbiology designed to investigate landfill, mining and industrial sites. The descriptions provide information about the principle of the methods, applications and fundamentals. This handbook also deals with the stepwise procedure for investigating sites and common problems faced in efficient implementation of field operations.
Download or read book Processes in Karst Systems written by Wolfgang Dreybrodt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Karst Systems deal with the question of how the subsurface drainage system, typical of Karst areas develops from its initial state to maturity. Equal attention is given to physical, chemical and geological conditions which determine karstification. The reader will find discussions of mass transport, chemical kinetics, hydrodynamics of fluxes, and the role of dissolution and precipitation of Calcite as they occur in experiments and natural environments. It offers a wealth of information on a complex natural system to hydrologists, hydrochemists, geologists and geographers.
Download or read book Karst Hydrogeology Geomorphology and Caves written by Jo De Waele and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Karst Hydrogeology, Geomorphology and Caves A Comprehensive Resource Covering All Aspects of Karst Hydrogeology, Geomorphology, and Caves This essential book covers all physical, chemical, and geological aspects of karst science. It reviews current knowledge on hydrogeology, geomorphology and caves in karst, based on the vast existing literature and investigations carried out by the authors worldwide. The different topics are profusely illustrated with color figures and images from all continents and climates, showing the scientific and aesthetic appeal of karst environments. The book covers in a systematic way the significant features of karst rocks, the chemistry and kinetics of their dissolution, the rate and distribution of karst denudation, the unique hydrogeology of karst terrains, the landforms endemic to karst, the morphology of caves and their diverse sedimentary records, and the multiple processes that lead to the formation of underground voids. Overall, the work reflects the increasing recognition of karst as a fundamental part of the Earth’s dynamic systems, and helps readers understand this multidisciplinary field from a holistic and nuts-and-bolts perspective. Some of the ideas discussed within the book include: How karst is gaining importance for human development, because of its valuable resources (groundwater) and associated environmental problems (impacts and hazards) The enormous technological developments achieved in recent years Recent major breakthroughs in the field and their influence on other scientific disciplines The central role played by karst science for understanding and mitigating global environmental issues (global warming, depletion of resources, human-induced hazards) For all scientists working in karst, and for students and lecturers of karst-related programs, this book serves as a valuable all-in-one source. It is also a valuable resource for professional hydrogeologists, the petroleum industry, environmental geologists, and of course speleologists, the last true geographic explorers in the world.
Download or read book Studies of Cave Sediments written by Ira D. Sasowsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John E. Mylroie and Ira D. Sasowsky' Caves occupy incongruous positions in both our culture and our science. The oldest records of modem human culture are the vivid cave paintings from southern France and northern Spain, which are in some cases more than 30,000 years old (Chauvet, et ai, 1996). Yet, to call someone a "caveman" is to declare them primitive and ignorant. Caves, being cryptic and mysterious, occupied important roles in many cultures. For example, Greece, a country with abundant karst, had the oracle at Delphi and Hades the god of death working from caves. People are both drawn to and mortified by caves. Written records ofcave exploration exist from as early as 852 BC (Shaw, 1992). In the decade of the 1920's, which was rich in news events, the second biggest story (as measured by column inches of newsprint) was the entrapment of Floyd Collins in Sand Cave, Kentucky, USA. This was surpassed only by Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic (Murray and Brucker, 1979).
Download or read book Public Roads of Tennessee written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dissolution Kinetics of Calcite Dolomite and Dolomitic Rocks in the CO2 water System written by Janet S. Herman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissolution kinetics of natural calcite minerals in CO2 water systems approaching calcite equilibrium written by U. Svensson and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ion Exchange induced Dissolution of Calcite in Na montmorillonite CaCO3 Systems written by Jose Bruno Del Rio Durand and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Calcite Dissolution Kinetics at the Sediment water Interface in an Acidifying Ocean written by Olivier Sulpis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Carbon dioxide (CO2), produced and released to the atmosphere by human activities, has been accumulating in the oceans for approximately two centuries and will continue to do so well beyond the end of this century if emissions are not curbed. One direct consequence of CO2 build-up in the atmosphere and its transfer to the ocean is the acidification of seawater. Calcite, a mineral secreted by many organisms living in the surface ocean to produce their shells and skeletons, covers a large part of the seafloor and acts as a natural anti-acid, neutralizing CO2. Thus, a precise knowledge of the kinetics of this dissolution reaction is necessary to predict the ocean recovery time towards its pre-acidification state once anthropogenic CO2 emissions are curbed. This thesis combines laboratory experiments, oceanographic measurements and model outputs to explore and unravel the mechanisms that control calcite dissolution at the sediment-water interface (SWI) on the seafloor in the context of current anthropogenic ocean acidification. Using a newly developed temperature-controlled rotating-disk reactor, as well as a stirred reactor, we were able to measure the rate of dissolution of simulated and natural sediment disks of variable calcite content under environmental and hydrodynamic conditions representative of deep-sea benthic environments. These experiments revealed that, in contrast to the reigning paradigm that calcite dissolution kinetics in seawater is surface reaction-controlled and of high order, calcite dissolution at the SWI and under deep-sea conditions is linearly dependent on the undersaturation state of the overlying seawater with respect to calcite and controlled by the presence of a diffusive-boundary layer (DBL) above the sediment bed. Therefore, irrespective of the mineralogy and sediment properties, the dissolution rate is simply a function of the saturation state of the overlying seawater with respect to calcite, the calcite content of the sediment, and hydrodynamics at the seafloor. From these observations, using a compilation of seawater chemical variables in the global ocean, corresponding sediment calcite content and rain rates, as well as recently modeled bottom current velocities, we have been able to identify the loci of current anthropogenic calcite dissolution and its rate. We found that significant anthropogenic dissolution of calcite at the seafloor currently occurs in the western North Atlantic, where the bottom waters are youngest, and at various hot spots in the southern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Using model projections for the 21st century, under a “business as usual” scenario, we found that while seawater will become more corrosive to this mineral, calcite dissolution at the seafloor will decrease in intensity because bottom currents will slow down and the amount of calcite particles delivered to the seafloor will diminish. These results indicate that the neutralization of human-made CO2 by calcite dissolution at the seafloor may take longer than previously thought. These findings are of critical interest to the scientific community and the public, as these results have far reaching implications for ocean acidification mitigation, to the fate of benthic communities living under increasing environmental stress, and to geologists contemplating both present and past records of ocean acidification"--
