Download or read book Bridging Earthquakes and Mountain Ranges in the Santa Cruz Mountains Restraining Bend with Mechanical Modeling Geologic Reconstructions and Thermochronology written by Curtis William Baden and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deformation in Earth's crust accumulates during and in between earthquakes to build Earth's mountain ranges and to produce signatures of geologic deformation preserved in the rock record. As this deformation accumulates through time, rheological properties imparted by the protracted geologic history of Earth's deforming crust control the resultant distribution and magnitude of rock uplift, exhumation, and erosion that conspire to shape the morphology of Earth's surface. This dissertation investigates how the rheological properties of Earth's crust influence the accumulation of this deformation through time, and, conversely, how expressions of time-integrated deformation of Earth's crust may reveal insight into the operant rheological and geophysical properties that are difficult to measure in-situ. To address these questions, I quantify and model deformation, rock uplift, and exhumation surrounding restraining bends in strike-slip fault systems. Deformation that occurs during and in between individual earthquakes is dominantly elastic, but Earth's mountain ranges host geologic structural features, such as faults and folds, that demonstrably record the accrual of inelastic deformation over the course of millions of years. This apparent rheological discrepancy highlights a persistent major challenge in the Earth Science community, which seeks to clarify the connection between individual earthquake cycles and the mountains that they build. Chapter 1 directly addresses this long-standing problem by linking and unifying observations of deformation that span timescales ranging from decades to millions of years. In this contribution, my co-authors and I created a coupled tectono-geomorphic model that predicts rock uplift, exhumation, topographic relief, erosion rates, and horizontal surface velocities surrounding the Santa Cruz Mountains restraining bend (the SCM bend) in the San Andreas fault, near San Francisco, CA, USA. Chapter 1 shows that incremental irrecoverable deformation incurred during dominantly elastic earthquake cycles accumulates to produce the inelastic deformation we observe in the rock record. Results suggest that, during an individual earthquake cycle, the majority of inelastic deformation occurs in between major earthquakes along the San Andreas fault, as opposed to during the earthquakes themselves. The tectonic-geomorphic models in Chapter 1 generally reproduce records of rock uplift, exhumation, and erosion in the Santa Cruz Mountains (SCM), but the distribution of these quantities in the natural SCM setting is far more complex than that captured in these models. In Chapter 2, my co-authors and I combine low-temperature apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology with 3D geologic reconstructions to quantify the distribution of rock uplift and exhumation throughout the SCM southwest of the San Andreas fault. Results suggest that deformation and uplift have preferentially accumulated in a relatively weak lithotectonic terrane embedded within a complex and heterogeneous transform plate boundary. Chapter 2 shows that the protracted geologic history and resultant lithostratigraphic structure of the crust influence the localization of strain and uplift along the plate boundary as deformation accumulates. Chapters 1 and 2 illustrate that SCM-site-specific distributions of rock uplift and exhumation provide insight into the rheological properties of the crust surrounding the SCM bend. In Chapter 3, I utilize these diagnostic metrics, and use a suite of generalized restraining bend models to infer operant fault frictional strength for restraining bends around the world based on inferred distributions of rock uplift and exhumation in the natural settings. Model results show that deformed and uplifted crust advects into and through restraining bends when fault frictional strength is low, and impounds upwind of the restraining bend when fault frictional strength is high. These results also suggest that the propagation of strike-slip faults from the tips of restraining bends also appears indicative of moderate to high fault frictional strength. This chapter illustrates that geologic observations of deformation may be integral to constraining geophysical parameters, like the frictional strength of faults, that may be challenging to measure directly.
Download or read book Loma Prieta Earthquake and Late Cenozoic Structure of the Southern Santa Cruz Mountains written by Thomas L. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geomorphic Investigations of Deformation Along the Northeastern Margin of the Santa Cruz Mountains written by Christopher Hitchcock and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geologic Hazards in the Summit Ridge Area of the Santa Cruz Mountains Santa Cruz County California Evaluated in Response to the October 17 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake written by Technical Advisory Group on the Santa Cruz Geologic Hazard Investigation and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Deformation Within Restraining Bends and the Implications for the Seismic Hazard of the San Gorgonio Pass Region Southern California written by Jennifer Hatch and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessment of seismic hazards in southern California may be improved with more accurate characterization of active geometry, stress state, and slip rates along the active San Andreas fault strands within the San Gorgonio Pass region. For example, on-going debate centers on the activity and geometry of the Mill Creek and Mission Creek strands. Calculated misfits of model slip rates to geologic slip rates for six alternative active fault configuration models through the San Gorgonio Pass reveal two best-fitting models, both of which fit many but not all available geologic slip rates. Disagreement between the model and geologic slip rates indicate where the model fault geometry is kinematically incompatible with the interpreted geologic slip rate, suggesting that our current knowledge of the fault configuration and/or slip rates may be inaccurate. Focal mechanism of microseismicity can estimate stress state; however, within the San Bernardino basin, some focal mechanisms show slip that is inconsistent with the interseismic strike-slip loading of the region. We show that deep creep along the nearby northern San Jacinto fault can account for this discrepancy. Consequently, if local stresses are estimated using these focal mechanisms, the resulting information about fault loading may be inaccurate. We also use another way to estimate the present-day, by calculating evolved fault tractions along a portion of the San Andreas fault using the time since last earthquake, fault stressing rates (which account for fault interaction), and co-seismic models of the impact of recent nearby earthquakes. Because this method considers the loading history of each fault, the evolved tractions differ significantly from the resolved regional tractions and can provide more accurate initial conditions for dynamic rupture models within regions of complex fault geometry. Numerical models of restraining bends in a viscoelastic material have implications for how we model the Earth's crust. Deforming the model at faster velocities decreases the amount of visco-relaxation, allowing the model to behave more elastically. Viscoelastic models allow for velocity-dependent deformation, which could improve our understanding of crustal deformation, especially within complex fault systems.
Download or read book Seismotectonics of the Santa Cruz Mountains Segment of the San Andreas Fault written by Susan Y. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geologic Hazards in the Summit Ridge Area of the Santa Cruz Mountains Santa Cruz County California Evaluated in Response to the October 17 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake written by United States. Department of the Interior. U.S. Geological Survey and published by . This book was released on 1992* with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geologic Hazards in the Summit Ridge Area of the Santa Cruz Mountains Santa Cruz County California Evaluated in Response to the October 17 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geologic and Tectonic Setting of the Epicentral Area of the Loma Prieta Earthquake Santa Cruz County California written by David L. Wagner and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Santa Cruz Earthquakes of October 1926 written by George Dampier Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tectonics of Strike slip Restraining and Releasing Bends written by W. D. Cunningham and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2007 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the tectonic complexity and diversity of strike-slip restraining and releasing bends with 18 contributions divided into four thematic sections: a topical review of fault bends and their global distribution; bends, sedimentary basins and earthquake hazards; restraining bends, transpressional deformation and basement controls on development; releasing bends, transtensional deformation and fluid flow.
Download or read book Geomorphology written by Robert S. Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-17 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A modern, quantitative, process-oriented approach to geomorphology and the role of Earth surface processes in shaping landforms, starting from basic principles.
Download or read book Plant Geography of Chile written by Andres Moreira-Munoz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first and so far only Plant Geography of Chile was written about 100 years ago, since when many things have changed: plants have been renamed and reclassified; taxonomy and systematics have experienced deep changes as have biology, geography, and biogeography. The time is therefore ripe for a new look at Chile’s plants and their distribution. Focusing on three key issues – botany/systematics, geography and biogeographical analysis – this book presents a thoroughly updated synthesis both of Chilean plant geography and of the different approaches to studying it. Because of its range – from the neotropics to the temperate sub-Antarctic – Chile’s flora provides a critical insight into evolutionary patterns, particularly in relation to the distribution along the latitudinal profiles and the global geographical relationships of the country’s genera. The consequences of these relations for the evolution of the Chilean Flora are discussed. This book will provide a valuable resource for both graduate students and researchers in botany, plant taxonomy and systematics, biogeography, evolutionary biology and plant conservation.
Download or read book Strike slip Deformation Basin Formation and Sedimentation written by Kevin T. Biddle and published by American Society of Civil Engineers. This book was released on 1985 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume is organized into three sections entitled Overview, Extensional Settings and Contractional Settings together with a glossary of terms having to do with strike-slip deformation, basin formation and sedimentation.
Download or read book Geology of Southwest Gondwana written by Siegfried Siegesmund and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the geological evolution of Southwest (SW) Gondwana and presents state-of-the-art insights into its evolution. It addresses the diachronic assembly of continental fragments derived from the break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent later amalgamated to build SW Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian transition, which on a global scale includes parts of present-day South America, Africa and Madagascar. The book presents 24 state-of-the-art reviews including the most crucial controversies. Most experienced scientists about the geology of SW Gondwana from Europe, Africa, South America and Australia present contributions on key areas addressing the interactions between the main cratons and fold belts on both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean. Chapters related to the geology of the major Archean- Paleoproterozoic cratons and Neoproterozoic Brasiliano/Pan-African fold belts enable readers to gain an in-depth understanding of the tectonometamorphic and magmatic evolution of SW Gondwana. The book covers a wide range of issues including metallogenetic, sedimentary, paleobiological and paleoclimatic processes and allows a deep insight into this key period of the Earth’s evolution.
Download or read book Geologic Excursions in Southwestern North America written by Philip A. Pearthree and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preliminary Determination of Epicenters written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
