Download or read book Brexit and the Control of Tobacco Illicit Trade written by Marina Foltea and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the consequences of Brexit for the control of illicit trade in tobacco products in the UK and EU. Based on the currently applicable legal framework, it examines the significance of a possible non-application of the acquis communautaire in the UK in matters relating to anti-illicit trade in tobacco legislation. It also analyses the modes of future cooperation between the UK and the EU in this area, as well as possible regulatory scenarios and their consequences. The book comprises six main sections. After the introduction (Section 1), Section 2 discusses the state of play of Brexit and possible outcomes of Article 50 of the Treaty of European Union procedure. Section 3 illustrates the data and trends of illicit tobacco trade in the UK. Section 4 describes the relevant legal (e.g. trade and fiscal measures) and enforcement frameworks in the UK and suggests possible post-Brexit scenarios in control of tobacco illicit trade. Section 5 focuses on the relevance of arrangements between governments and the tobacco industry in the control of illicit trade. Section 6 then analyses the relevance of key EU and global anti-illicit trade initiatives. Lastly, Section 7 the book offers some recommendations and conclusions on how the UK could control illicit trade in tobacco after Brexit.

Download or read book Brexit and the Control of Tobacco Illicit Trade written by Marina Foltea and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-06-05 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the consequences of Brexit for the control of illicit trade in tobacco products in the UK and EU. Based on the currently applicable legal framework, it examines the significance of a possible non-application of the acquis communautaire in the UK in matters relating to anti-illicit trade in tobacco legislation. It also analyses the modes of future cooperation between the UK and the EU in this area, as well as possible regulatory scenarios and their consequences. The book comprises six main sections. After the introduction (Section 1), Section 2 discusses the state of play of Brexit and possible outcomes of Article 50 of the Treaty of European Union procedure. Section 3 illustrates the data and trends of illicit tobacco trade in the UK. Section 4 describes the relevant legal (e.g. trade and fiscal measures) and enforcement frameworks in the UK and suggests possible post-Brexit scenarios in control of tobacco illicit trade. Section 5 focuses on the relevance of arrangements between governments and the tobacco industry in the control of illicit trade. Section 6 then analyses the relevance of key EU and global anti-illicit trade initiatives. Lastly, Section 7 the book offers some recommendations and conclusions on how the UK could control illicit trade in tobacco after Brexit.

Download or read book Combatting Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products written by Stanisław Tosza and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-17 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the enforcement aspect of tobacco control policy, and argues that the intense regulation of the tobacco market will never be successful as long as it can be circumvented by the availability of illicit tobacco products. Yet, current efforts to combat illicit tobacco trade are insufficient, suffering from several flaws and gaps at the regulatory and operational levels. The aim of this book is to provide an analysis of the legal framework and practice of enforcement with regard to illicit tobacco products. Combining criminological and legal perspectives, it presents and critically analyses the phenomenon of illicit tobacco trade, as well as the policies, legal frameworks and practices in six EU countries with regard to combatting this phenomenon, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of their approaches. Furthermore, it studies the relationship between the EU and third countries (e.g. Ukraine) in terms of how the EU can influence policy and enforcement in these countries in order to counter illicit tobacco trafficking. Not exclusively focusing on the EU, the book also includes an analysis of enforcement against illicit tobacco products in the US. The EU Member States analysed in the book (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands and Poland) reflect the range of currently available approaches. Some of them have ratified the WHO Protocol against tobacco smuggling; others have not. They belong to different legal traditions and face different challenges due to their respective border situations. While Belgium and the Netherlands are key entry ports to the EU, Poland and Latvia represent the Eastern land border of the EU, with various regional challenges. Italy has a long maritime border, where trafficking is possible from Northern Africa and from the Middle East. It also has significant experience in fighting organised crime. Lastly, Germany is the largest market in Europe and situated in the middle of these trafficking routes.

Download or read book Understanding the U S Illicit Tobacco Market written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use has declined because of measures such as high taxes on tobacco products and bans on advertising, but worldwide there are still more than one billion people who regularly use tobacco, including many who purchase products illicitly. By contrast to many other commodities, taxes comprise a substantial portion of the retail price of cigarettes in the United States and most other nations. Large tax differentials between jurisdictions increase incentives for participation in existing illicit tobacco markets. In the United States, the illicit tobacco market consists mostly of bootlegging from low-tax states to high-tax states and is less affected by large-scale smuggling or illegal production as in other countries. In the future, nonprice regulation of cigarettes - such as product design, formulation, and packaging - could in principle, contribute to the development of new types of illicit tobacco markets. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market reviews the nature of illicit tobacco markets, evidence for policy effects, and variations among different countries with a focus on implications for the United States. This report estimates the portion of the total U.S. tobacco market represented by illicit sales has grown in recent years and is now between 8.5 percent and 21 percent. This represents between 1.24 to 2.91 billion packs of cigarettes annually and between $2.95 billion and $6.92 billion in lost gross state and local tax revenues. Understanding the U.S. Illicit Tobacco Market describes the complex system associated with illicit tobacco use by exploring some of the key features of that market - the cigarette supply chain, illicit procurement schemes, the major actors in the illicit trade, and the characteristics of users of illicit tobacco. This report draws on domestic and international experiences with the illicit tobacco trade to identify a range of possible policy and enforcement interventions by the U.S. federal government and/or states and localities.

Download or read book EU Tobacco Industry agreements and beyond written by Marina Foltea and published by Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN. This book was released on 2020-03-26 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Podejmowane od około 2001 r. próby pociągnięcia do odpowiedzialności międzynarodowych producentów tytoniu za wyroby tytoniowe pochodzące z ich łańcuchów dostaw doprowadziły do zawarcia umów o współpracy z Unią Europejską (UE) i jej państwami członkowskimi. Porozumienia te przyczyniły się do znacznego ograniczenia nielegalnego handlu produktami tytoniowymi w Europie. Dynamika rynku spowodowała jednak zastąpienie produktów tych producentów podobnymi – nielegalnymi wyrobami. W swojej monografii dr Marina Foltea poddała analizie rolę, jaką odegrały porozumienia branżowe w zwalczaniu nielegalnego handlu w UE, jak wygląda rzeczywistość po zawarciu umowy oraz jaka jest i jaka może być w przyszłości rola pozostałych lub podobnych umów na poziomie UE lub państw członkowskich. Wskazując na korzyści dla stron czterech umów branżowych (z Philip Morris International Inc. (PMI) z 9 lipca 2004 r.; z Japan Tobacco International (JTI) z 14 grudnia 2007 r.; z British American Tobacco Holdings (BAT) z 15 lipca 2010 r.; oraz z Imperial Tobacco Limited (ITL) z 27 września 2010 r.), autorka wskazała na ich krytykę oraz ocenę techniczną Komisji Europejskiej. Ramowa konwencja WHO o ograniczeniu użycia tytoniu (FCTC) – zwłaszcza art. 5.3 – i jej późniejszy protokół w sprawie nielegalnego handlu (ITP) miały znaczący wpływ na rozwój współpracy UE i państw członkowskich z legalnym przemysłem tytoniowym. Pojawienie się szeregu nowych instrumentów zwalczania nielegalnego handlu, wymusił przegląd zawartych umów z producentami branży tytoniowej. Dalsze działania zostały określone w unijnej dyrektywie w sprawie wyrobów tytoniowych z 2014 r. Zmiany te rodzą istotne pytania dotyczące dalszych działań: Jaka jest historia i jakie wnioski wyciąga się z umów branżowych? Czy ich korzyści są w pełni uwzględnione w TPD 2014? Czy nadal istnieje możliwość współpracy z legalnym przemysłem tytoniowym i jakie wyzwania należy pokonać w tym obszarze? Analizując obecne trendy dotyczące nielegalnego handlu wyrobami tytoniowymi w Unii Europejskiej, dr Foltea sformułowała zalecenia dotyczące optymalnych relacji między UE a podmiotami z branży przemysłu tytoniowego.

Download or read book Illegal Trade of Tobacco Products written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The illicit trade of tobacco products poses major health, economic and security concerns around the world. It is estimated that one in every 10 cigarettes and tobacco products consumed globally is illicit. It is for this reason that combatting the illegal tobacco trade is the theme of the World Health Organization's (WHO) annual World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) in 2015. A key objective of the campaign will be to advocate for the ratification and implementation by governments of the Protocol to Eliminate the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products (ITP), which is a supplementary treaty to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). The Convention Secretariat of the WHO FCTC has joined the WNTD campaign with the aim of supporting implementation of Article 15 of the WHO FCTC to 'take measures to eliminate the illicit trade of tobacco products, including smuggling, illicit manufacturing and counterfeiting,' and promoting the entry into force of the ITP. So far seven parties to the WHO FCTC have ratified the ITP, and 33 more are needed for it to become international law. The overall objective of World No Tobacco Day is for WHO and its partners to highlight the health risks associated with tobacco use and advocate for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption. The tobacco epidemic is one of the world's biggest-ever public health threats, killing nearly six million people annually. The illicit tobacco trade is supported by various players ranging from petty peddlers to organized criminal networks involved in arms and human trafficking. The tobacco industry also covertly and overtly supports the illegal trade, from providing products to the market to working to block implementation of comprehensive tobacco-control measures by trying to convince governments to believe that any further legislative measures, such as pictorial health warnings or tax increases, will lead to more illicit trade. Stopping illicit trade in tobacco products is a health priority, and it is achievable. But to do so requires improvement of national and sub-national tax administration systems and international collaboration, such as ratification and implementation of the ITP. "--Page 5

Download or read book The Impact of E Cigarette Regulation on the Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products in the European Union written by James E. Prieger and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This appendices to this report can be found at: (https://ssrn.com/abstract=3435260). In regulating tobacco products, governments seek to promote public health by discouraging consumption. However, imposing regulatory costs and taxes on licit producers and consumers presents an economic opportunity to criminal actors to profit from skirting these laws. Illicit trade in tobacco products (ITTP) thus frustrates the goals of tobacco regulation. We estimate that a 10% increase in the price of licit cigarettes (which might result, for example, from a tax increase) leads to a 3.6 percentage-point increase in the illicit share of the market, which averages about 11% in the EU.However, e-cigarettes and their apparent health advantages over traditional tobacco products present regulators with an opportunity to increase taxes without swelling the flow of illicit goods: By allowing consumers a third choice as an alternative to either paying higher prices or buying illicit products, e-cigarettes could serve as a “safety-valve” allowing for higher taxes (and stricter regulations) on traditional tobacco products without encouraging the illicit market. This study tests and find support for that hypothesis and seeks to investigate the effects of law and policy on the extent of that substitution. We begin by analyzing the current policies of European Union Member States toward tobacco products and e-cigarettes and reviewing the literature on the factors that drive consumers to use illicit tobacco products and the evidence that e-cigarettes substitute for conventional cigarettes. We then assemble a dataset of volumes and prices for legally sold conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and for illicit or smuggled products. An econometric analysis of those data generates a model relating the size of the ITTP market to e-cigarette policies and market penetration. The results show that higher taxes and prices for licit cigarettes are positively associated with higher ITTP shares and illicit-cigarette quantity. When the e-cigarette market is small, increases in cigarette prices have a positive and statistically significant effect on ITTP. The elasticity remains positive throughout the range of the data, although it decreases with the size of the e-cigarette market. However, the availability of e-cigarettes moderates the effect of conventional-cigarette prices on ITTP volumes: the more available e-cigarettes become, the less ITTP market share rises in response to tax-driven price increases for conventional cigarettes. In the presence of sufficiently robust e-cigarette markets, cigarette prices have no measured effect on ITTP volumes. Thus, as e-cigarettes become more available, the positive association between cigarette prices and taxes is attenuated. This suggests that e-cigarettes are substitutes for illicit cigarettes. Conversely, demand for e-cigarettes responds positively to cigarette prices while demand for conventional cigarettes responds positively to e-cigarette prices, thus indicating that the two goods are substitutes. However, while higher cigarette prices are strongly associated with larger e-cigarette markets, the same cannot be found for cigarette regulation here.Other important findings include that: • E-cigarette revenue responds positively to cigarette prices, negatively to product bans, and negatively to stricter regulation (although the evidence is mixed regarding the last point). • More stringent tobacco regulation, particularly health warnings on packaging, is associated with lower demand for cigarettes. • Demand for e-cigarettes responds negatively to its own price and to the stringency of regulation aimed at vaping. • No e-cigarette regulation at all is most conducive to e-cigarette sales; all the other regulatory coefficients are negative. • Strict limits on public use and pharma-only regimes are about equally detrimental to e-cigarette sales, and the apparent impacts are large. • The Tobacco Products Directive has been more favorable for e-cigarette sales than either of those regimes, but not as good as no regulation.Policy discussions and recommendations are presented. Optimal taxation would establish excise duties for combustible nicotine products at a rate that deters initiation and incentivizes switching to lower-risk products, while avoiding diversion to the black market. Non-combustible products should then be taxed at a low, zero, or even a negative level. Furthermore, the optimal tax on conventional cigarettes will be higher in the presence of low-priced reduced-risk substitutes than in their absence.

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook on the International Dimension of Brexit written by Juan Santos Vara and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides comprehensive and expert analysis of the impact of the Brexit process and the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union on existing and future EU–UK relations within the context of both EU and international law. Examining the wider international law implications, it additionally assesses the complex legal consequences of Brexit for both the EU and the UK in their dealings with third states and other international organizations. With contributions from renowned specialists in the field of EU external action, each chapter will analyse specific policy areas to address key challenges arising from the Brexit process for the EU and the UK and propose solutions to overcome these problems. The handbook aims to fill a gap in research by assessing the consequences of Brexit under EU external relations law and international law. As such, it is hoped it will set the research agenda for coming years on the international dimension of Brexit. The Routledge Handbook on the International Dimension of Brexit is an authoritative and essential reference text for scholars and students of international and European/EU law and policy, EU politics, and British Politics and Brexit, as well as of key relevance to legal practitioners involved in Brexit, governments, policy-makers, civil society organizations, think tanks, practitioners, national parliaments and the Court of Justice.

Download or read book Lowe s Transport Manager s and Operator s Handbook 2021 written by David Lowe and published by Kogan Page Publishers. This book was released on 2021-02-03 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supplementary Brexit Trade and Cooperation Agreement Content Available. See inside first page/back cover of the book for access details. Maintain your understanding of the rules governing road transport operators in the UK, Ireland and Europe to ensure the safe and legal operation of your fleet. Lowe's Transport Manager's and Operator's Handbook 2021 is the complete guide to the operational rules and guidelines governing the UK, Ireland and the EU's road transport operators. Written and designed for transport managers, fleet operators, owner-driver hauliers and those working in the sector, this book contains all the relevant and technical detail required to run a compliant, safe and efficient transport operation. Now in its 51st edition Lowe's Transport Manager's and Operator's Handbook 2021 remains an essential resource to stay informed on the most pressing issues facing the transport industry. It covers all aspects relating to goods vehicles and their operators from vehicle registration, maintenance and load management (including abnormal and dangerous loads) to professional competence, operator training and driver testing. Road traffic law is explained alongside how to ensure safety on the road and at work. Meeting operating standards, keeping up to date with the latest industry changes and complying with the law, all while running sustainable transport operations, has never been simpler with the help of this guide.

Download or read book Illicit Trade and the Global Economy written by Cláudia Costa Storti and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists explore the relationship between expanding international trade and the parallel growth in illicit trade, including illegal drugs, smuggling, and organized crime. As international trade has expanded dramatically in the postwar period--an expansion accelerated by the opening of China, Russia, India, and Eastern Europe--illicit international trade has grown in tandem with it. This volume uses the economist's toolkit to examine the economic, political, and social problems resulting from such illicit activities as illegal drug trade, smuggling, and organized crime. The contributors consider several aspects of the illegal drug market, including the sometimes puzzling relationships among purity, price, and risk; the effect of globalization on the heroin and cocaine markets, examined both through mathematical models and with empirical data from the U.K; the spread of khat, a psychoactive drug imported legally to the U.K. as a vegetable; and the economic effect of the "war on drugs" on producer and consumer countries. Other chapters examine the hidden financial flows of organized crime, patterns of smuggling in international trade, Iran's illicit trading activity, and the impact of mafia-like crime on foreign direct investment in Italy.

Download or read book International Organizations in WTO Dispute Settlement written by Marina Foltea and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the role of international organizations in WTO dispute settlement as arising from a number of WTO disputes. In particular, the roles of the IMF, WIPO, WCO and WHO are addressed. The use of the Vienna Convention rules of interpretation framework allows an evaluation of the weight attributed to this material by the WTO adjudicator. This allows specific conclusions to be drawn regarding the level of institutional sensitivity of the WTO adjudicator to each of the organizations. As well as being a valuable source of research, the analysis will appeal to international law scholars, civil servants and law practitioners interested in the WTO and dispute settlement.

Download or read book Bordering Two Unions written by Sylvia de Mars and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. How does Brexit change Northern Ireland’s system of government? Could it unravel crucial parts of Northern Ireland’s peace process? What are the wider implications of the arrangements for the Irish and UK constitutions? Northern Ireland presents some of the most difficult Brexit dilemmas. Negotiations between the UK and the EU have set out how issues like citizenship, trade, the border, human rights and constitutional questions may be resolved. But the long-term impact of Brexit isn’t clear. This thorough analysis draws upon EU, UK, Irish and international law, setting the scene for a post-Brexit Northern Ireland by showing what the future might hold.

Download or read book Strategic Trade Review written by Andrea Viski and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Strategic Trade Review is a peer reviewed journal dedicated to strategic trade, export controls, and sanctions. The sixth Spring/Summer 2018 issue features articles on emerging technologies and export controls, cryptosanctions, export control practices in advanced countries, proliferation finance, defense exports, and capacity-building. It also includes a "Practitioners Perspectives" section. The Strategic Trade Review publishes articles from a global authorship. The Review is an essential resource for researchers, practitioners, students, policy-makers, and other stakeholders involved in trade and security.

Download or read book Policing Twentieth Century Ireland written by Vicky Conway and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twentieth century was a time of rapid social change in Ireland: from colonial rule to independence, civil war and later the Troubles; from poverty to globalisation and the Celtic Tiger; and from the rise to the fall of the Catholic Church. Policing in Ireland has been shaped by all of these changes. This book critically evaluates the creation of the new police force, an Garda Síochána, in the 1920s and analyses how this institution was influenced by and responded to these substantial changes. Beginning with an overview of policing in pre-independence Ireland, this book chronologically charts the history of policing in Ireland. It presents data from oral history interviews with retired gardaí who served between the 1950s and 1990s, giving unique insight into the experience of policing Ireland, the first study of its kind in Ireland. Particular attention is paid to the difficulties of transition, the early encounters with the IRA, the policing of the Blueshirts, the world wars, gangs in Dublin and the growth of drugs and crime. Particularly noteworthy is the analysis of policing the Troubles and the immense difficulties that generated. This book is essential reading for those interested in policing or Irish history, but is equally important for those concerned with the legacy of colonialism and transition.

Download or read book WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties. These seven guidelines cover a wide range of provisions of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, such as: the protection of public health policies with respect to tobacco control from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry; protection from exposure to tobacco smoke; packaging and labelling of tobacco products; and tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship; and demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation. These guidelines are intended to help Parties to meet their obligations under the respective provisions of the Convention. They reflect the consolidated views of Parties on different aspects of implementation, their experiences and achievements, and the challenges faced. The guidelines also aim to reflect and promote best practices and standards that governments would benefit from in the treaty-implementation process.

Download or read book The Tobacco Products and Nicotine Inhaling Products Amendment EU Exit Regulations 2020 written by GREAT BRITAIN. and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enabling power: European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, ss. 8 (1), 8C (1), sch. 7, para. 21. Issued: 29.09.2020. Sifted: -. Made: -. Laid: -. Coming into force: In accord. with reg. 1 (2) (3). Effect: S.I. 2016/521; 2019/41 amended. Territorial extent & classification: E/W/S/NI. For approval by resolution of each House of Parliament

Download or read book The Globalization Paradox written by Dani Rodrik and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, economists have driven forward the cause of globalization in financial institutions, labour markets, and trade. Yet there have been consistent warning signs that a global economy and free trade might not always be advantageous. Where are the pressure points? What could be done about them? Dani Rodrik examines the back-story from its seventeenth-century origins through the milestones of the gold standard, the Bretton Woods Agreement, and the Washington Consensus, to the present day. Although economic globalization has enabled unprecedented levels of prosperity in advanced countries and has been a boon to hundreds of millions of poor workers in China and elsewhere in Asia, it is a concept that rests on shaky pillars, he contends. Its long-term sustainability is not a given. The heart of Rodrik’s argument is a fundamental 'trilemma': that we cannot simultaneously pursue democracy, national self-determination, and economic globalization. Give too much power to governments, and you have protectionism. Give markets too much freedom, and you have an unstable world economy with little social and political support from those it is supposed to help. Rodrik argues for smart globalization, not maximum globalization.