Download or read book Breast Image Reconstruction and Cancer Detection Using Microwave Imaging written by Hardik N. Patel and published by IOP Publishing Limited. This book was released on 2022-10-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference text explores cutting edge research into the detection of breast cancer using Microwave Imaging. Early breast cancer detection is vital for reducing mortality rates. Within this book Microwave scattering and microwave imaging based cancer detection are analysed as well as breast anatomy and breast cancer types. The book discusses 3-D level set based optimization as well as the Finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique. Advanced methods in image reconstruction techniques and Group Theory are explained with application to computation reduction. Machine learning-based advanced methods are also described for breast cancer detection. This book is highly useful for the academic community working in biomedical imaging, electromagnetic and microwave imaging, breast cancer imaging, inverse scattering and optimization. Key Features: Breast cancer screening techniques are described and with advantages and disadvantages Multiple frequency inverse scattering is discussed Microwave imaging basics with detection analysis are explained in detail Includes 3-D level set based optimization Presents advanced methods on image-based reconstruction techniques

Download or read book An Introduction to Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection written by Raquel Cruz Conceição and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collates past and current research on one of the most promising emerging modalities for breast cancer detection. Readers will discover how, as a standalone technology or in conjunction with another modality, microwave imaging has the potential to provide reliable, safe and comfortable breast exams at low cost. Current breast imaging modalities include X- ray, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Positron Emission Tomography. Each of these methods suffers from limitations, including poor sensitivity or specificity, high cost, patient discomfort, and exposure to potentially harmful ionising radiation. Microwave breast imaging is based on a contrast in the dielectric properties of breast tissue that exists at microwave frequencies. The book begins by considering the anatomy and dielectric properties of the breast, contrasting historical and recent studies. Next, radar-based breast imaging algorithms are discussed, encompassing both early-stage artefact removal, and data independent and adaptive beamforming algorithms. In a similar fashion, microwave tomographic reconstruction algorithms are reviewed in the following chapter, introducing the reader to both the fundamental and more advanced algorithms. Apart from imaging, the book also reviews research efforts in extracting clinically useful information from the Radar Target Signature of breast tumours, which is used to classify tumours as either benign or malignant. Finally, the book concludes by describing the current state of the art in terms of prototype microwave breast imaging systems, with a particular emphasis on those which have progressed to the clinical evaluation stage. This work is motivated by the fact that breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death amongst women in Europe and the US, and the second most common cancer in the world today. Such an important area of research will appeal to many scholars and practitioners.p>

Download or read book Improving Image Reconstruction and Machine Learning Methods in Breast Microwave Sensing written by Tyson Reimer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast microwave sensing (BMS) is an emerging modality that has the potential to be used as a breast cancer screening technique but challenges remain before the modality is suitable for clinical use. Improvements to image-based and machine learning tumor-detection methods are required. This thesis presents novel improvements in image reconstruction and machine learning methods. This work presents the development of the largest open-access experimental dataset in the published BMS literature to-date, the University of Manitoba Breast Microwave Imaging Dataset (UM-BMID). The impact of the inverse chirp z-transform (ICZT) on radar-based image reconstruction was compared to that of the standard inverse discrete Fourier transform using a subset of this dataset. The ICZT was found to reduce image artifacts, improve image contrast, and increase tumor-detection in reconstructions. A novel reconstruction method, the iterative delay-and-sum (itDAS) beamformer, was compared to two literature standard approaches. The novel method improved image contrast by as much as 249% on average and allows for the implementation of correction factors to improve the radar signal model used in the literature standard algorithms. Three correction factors were examined and modeling the output pulse of the BMS system significantly increased the contrast of itDAS reconstructions. The diagnostic capability of machine learning methods in BMS was investigated using UM-BMID. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve of a convolutional neural network was estimated to be between (76 ± 3)% and (91 ± 3)%, where the upper estimate is obtained when the testing set is constrained to consist of phantoms with breast volumes that are within the breast volume bounds of the training set and when the tumor is located at the same vertical position as the antennas. This thesis has set the stage for future large-scale analyses in BMS through the development of the first and largest open-access dataset in the published literature and through the promising results obtained with the application of machine learning methods and the novel itDAS beamformer.

Download or read book Early Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Microwave Imaging Via Space frequency Algorithm written by Spandana Vemulapalli and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conventional breast cancer detection methods have limitations ranging from ionizing radiations, low specificity to high cost. These limitations make way for a suitable alternative called Microwave Imaging, as a screening technique in the detection of breast cancer. The discernible differences between the benign, malignant and healthy breast tissues and the ability to overcome the harmful effects of ionizing radiations make microwave imaging, a feasible breast cancer detection technique. Earlier studies have shown the variation of electrical properties of healthy and malignant tissues as a function of frequency and hence stimulates high bandwidth requirement. A Ultrawideband, Wideband and Narrowband arrays have been designed, simulated and optimized for high (44%), medium (33%) and low (7%) bandwidths respectively, using the EM (electromagnetic software) called FEKO. These arrays are then used to illuminate the breast model (phantom) and the received backscattered signals are obtained in the near field for each case. The Microwave Imaging via Space-Time (MIST) beamforming algorithm in the frequency domain, is next applied to these near field backscattered monostatic frequency response signals for the image reconstruction of the breast model. The main purpose of this investigation is to access the impact of bandwidth and implement a novel imaging technique for use in the early detection of breast cancer. Earlier studies show the implementation of the MIST imaging algorithm on the time domain signals via a frequency domain beamformer. The performance evaluation of the imaging algorithm on the frequency response signals has been carried out in the frequency domain. The energy profile of the breast in the spatial domain is created via the frequency domain Parseval’s theorem. The beamformer weights calculated using these the MIST algorithm (not including the effect of the skin) has been calculated for Ultrawideband, Wideband and Narrowband arrays, respectively. Quality metrics such as dynamic range, radiometric resolution etc. are also evaluated for all the three types of arrays.

Download or read book Breast Imaging written by Arshad M. Malik and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-10-04 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book watches out for the issues on making moves for chest radiology in carcinoma of the chest. It focuses on all parts of radiological approaches to manage the breast illness, be it light (optical), sound (ultrasound), interest, microwave, electrical impedance, blend of these modalities, and a section of the incredibly intense issues on computer-aided detection. The dedication of the eminent analysts in this book has incorporated a lot of energy for the people who are adequately drawn in with the clinical organization of this ailment and also for the students of radiology and surgery alike. This book will definitely be appreciated and well taken by the surgeons, radiologists, and other professionals involved in this field. The contributions are excellent in terms of diagnostic approach by radiological means and would certainly be a step forward in making it possible to reach to a conclusive diagnosis of breast cancer much before it becomes inoperable. The chapters included will further our knowledge and to the best of my belief will make things easier and definable in terms of diagnosis of breast cancer.

Download or read book Microwave Imaging for Early Breast Cancer Detection written by Yoshihiko Kuwahara and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We overview the research trend on microwave imaging for early breast cancer detection. The technologies have two categories: ultra-wide band (UWB) radar that reconstructs the scattering power distribution in the breast and inverse scattering problem that reconstructs the dielectric properties distribution. We have developed a clinical equipment using UWB radar and carried out clinical test 4 years ago. Through the experiments, we concluded that the UWB radar was insufficient for the clinical equipment, because the UWB radar cannot discriminate cancerous tumor and other lesions. Therefore, we have been studying inverse scattering. It is a challenging task to develop an equipment using inverse scattering technologies. We have proposed a microwave mammography that has four features: (1) sensor with breast fixing by absorption, (2) small sensor with multipolarization, (3) image reconstruction program linking the commercial EM simulator, and (4) hybrid imaging method using UWB radar and inverse scattering.

Download or read book Alternative Breast Imaging written by Keith D. Paulsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-11 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical imaging has been transformed over the past 30 years by the advent of computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and various advances in x-ray and ultrasonic techniques. An enabling force behind this progress has been the (so far) exponentially increasing power of computers, which has made it practical to explore fundamentally new approaches. In particular, what our group terms "model-based" modalities-which produce tissue property images from data using nonlinear, iterative numerical modeling techniques-have become increasingly feasible. Alternative Breast Imaging: Four Model-Based Approaches explores our research on four such modalities, particularly with regard to imaging of the breast: (1) MR elastography (MRE), (2) electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), (3) microwave imaging spectroscopy (MIS), and (4) near infrared spectroscopic imaging (NIS). Chapter 1 introduces the present state of breast imaging and discusses how our alternative modalities can contribute to the field. Chapter 2 looks at the computational common ground shared by all four modalities. Chapters 2 through 10 are devoted to the four modalities, with each modality being discussed first in a theory chapter and then in an implementation-and-results chapter. The eleventh and final chapter discusses statistical methods for image analysis in the context of these four alternative imaging modalities. Imaging for the detection of breast cancer is a particularly interesting and relevant application of the four imaging modalities discussed in this book. Breast cancer is an extremely common health problem for women; the National Cancer Institute estimates that one in eight US women will develop breast cancer at least once in her lifetime. Yet the efficacy of the standard (and notoriously uncomfortable) early-detection test, the x-ray mammogram, has been disputed of late, especially for younger women. Conditions are thus ripe for the development of affordable techniques that replace or complement mammography. The breast is both anatomically accessible and small enough that the computing power required to model it, is affordable.

Download or read book 2021 1st International Conference on Microwave Antennas and Circuits ICMAC written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1st International Conference on Microwave, Antennas & Circuits (ICMAC 2021) represents a unique and unprecedented opportunity to bring together researchers and experts from RF & Microwave field to share their recent work in a beautiful and vibrant city located in the heart of Himalayas ICMAC 2021 is organized by Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter wave Studies (RIMMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) and co sponsored by IEEE MTT S, AP S, EMC & CAS societies ICMAC 2021 will be held in Islamabad, Pakistan from 10 11 December 2021 and will feature keynotes, invited and contributed research papers and student paper awards The social program shall include a visit to the city center and a conference gala dinner

Download or read book Microwave Detection of Breast Cancer written by Elise Carolyn Fear and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave imaging creates images of electrical property distributions in tissue, and has promise for breast tumor detection due to the contrast in electrical properties of normal and malignant breast tissues and the accessibility of the breast for imaging. Confocal microwave imaging (CMI) is a recently introduced technique that avoids limitations associated with classical microwave imaging. CMI detects areas of increased scatter (e.g. tumors) by scanning the synthetic focus of an array of antennas through the breast. As the object is illuminated with ultra-wideband signals, this corresponds to computing time delays to the focal point, resulting in simple image reconstruction algorithms. Additionally, the resolution is determined primarily by the bandwidth of the illuminating signal, allowing for detection of small tumors with appropriate selection of this bandwidth. CMI appears to be a simple and effective technique for breast tumor detection. The development and evaluation of a new approach to confocal microwave imaging is the contribution of this thesis. CMI was only very recently introduced, and many key issues need to be addressed. Most importantly, the CMI system must be designed for physical compatibility with the breast examination. The previously introduced CMI system is planar, and involves placing an array of antennas directly on the naturally flattened breast (of a woman who is lying on her back). In this thesis, a cylindrical CMI configuration is developed. A woman lies on her stomach, the breast extends through a hole in the examination table, and is immersed in a low-loss material. The breast is encircled by an array of antennas, which is placed at a distance from the skin. The cylindrical configuration is likely more appropriate for clinical implementation. The development of cylindrical CMI involves design of appropriate sensing elements and development of image reconstruction algorithms. Construction of appropriate models and simulations of the system are required to test the feasibility of the proposed sensors and algorithms. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is well suited to these feasibility studies, as ultra-wideband signals are efficiently simulated in the time domain. In this thesis, four alternative antenna designs are characterized with measures appropriate for ultra-wideband radiation and this specific imaging application. The selected antenna is scanned in a circle around the breast and at a distance from the skin. This is repeated for a number of rows at different heights in order to synthesize a cylindrical or conical array. The returns recorded at each antenna location are processed to reduce clutter, then synthetically focussed at points in the domain of interest. Results indicate that the proposed antenna and algorithms provide the capability to detect and localize (in three dimensions) small spherical tumors at reasonable depths in the breast models. The detection capability achieved with the cylindrical system is comparable to that obtained with the previously introduced planar system.

Download or read book Microwave Breast Imaging Techniques in Two and Three Dimensions written by Anastasia Baran and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical imaging at microwave frequencies has shown potential for breast cancer detection and monitoring. The advantages of microwave imaging over current imaging techniques are that it is relatively inexpensive, and uses low-energy, non-ionizing radiation. It also provides a quantitative measurement of the dielectric properties of tissues, which offers the ability to characterize tissue types. Microwave imaging also comes with significant drawbacks. The resolution is poor compared to other imaging modalities, which presents challenges when trying to resolve fine structures. It is also not very sensitive to low contrast objects, and the accuracy of recovered tissue properties can be poor. This thesis shows that the use of prior information in microwave imaging inversion algorithms greatly improves the resulting images by minimizing mathematical difficulties in reconstruction that are due to the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem. The focus of this work is to explore novel methods to obtain and use prior information in the microwave breast imaging problem. We make use of finite element contrast source inversion (FEM-CSI) software formulated in two and three dimensions (2D, 3D). This software has the ability to incorporate prior information as an inhomogeneous numerical background medium. We motivate the usefulness of prior information by developing a simulated annealing technique that segments experimental human forearm images into tissue regions. Tissue types are identified and the resulting map of dielectric properties is used as prior information for the 2D FEM-CSI code. This results in improvements to the reconstructions, demonstrating the ability of prior information to improve breast images. We develop a combined microwave tomography/radar algorithm, and demonstrate that it is able to reconstruct images of superior quality, compared to either technique used alone. The algorithm is applied to data from phantoms containing tumours of decreasing size and can accurately monitor the changes. The combined algorithm is shown to be robust to the choice of immersion medium. This property allows us to design an immersion medium-independent algorithm, in which a numerical background can be used to reduce the contrast. We also develop a novel march-on-background technique that reconstructs high quality images using data collected in multiple immersion media.

Download or read book Medical Applications of Microwave Imaging written by Lawrence E. Larsen and published by IEEE. This book was released on 1986 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mammography and Beyond written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-04 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray mammography screening is the current mainstay for early breast cancer detection. It has been proven to detect breast cancer at an earlier stage and to reduce the number of women dying from the disease. However, it has a number of limitations. These current limitations in early breast cancer detection technology are driving a surge of new technological developments, from modifications of x-ray mammography such as computer programs that can indicate suspicious areas, to newer methods of detection such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or biochemical tests on breast fluids. To explore the merits and drawbacks of these new breast cancer detection techniques, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences convened a committee of experts. During its year of operation, the committee examined the peer-reviewed literature, consulted with other experts in the field, and held two public workshops. In addition to identifying promising new technologies for early detection, the committee explored potential barriers that might prevent the development of new detection methods and their common usage. Such barriers could include lack of funding from agencies that support research and lack of investment in the commercial sector; complicated, inconsistent, or unpredictable federal regulations; inadequate insurance reimbursement; and limited access to or unacceptability of breast cancer detection technology for women and their doctors. Based on the findings of their study, the committee prepared a report entitled Mammography and Beyond: Developing Technology for Early Detection of Breast Cancer, which was published in the spring of 2001. This is a non-technical summary of that report.

Download or read book A Multifaceted Approach to Enhancement of Microwave Breast Images written by Cameron Kaye and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although microwave imaging (MWI) remains a promising future diagnostic tool in breast cancer detection and monitoring, its progress towards clinical application would benefit from improvement to its relatively low spatial and contrast resolution in delineating healthy and abnormal tissues. Research into multiple quality improvement methods for MWI reconstructions has thus been undertaken, through alterations of an existing finite-element contrast source inversion (FEM-CSI) algorithm that uses a time-harmonic, discontinuous Galerkin formulation of Maxwell's equations (DGM-CSI). Firstly, DGM-CSI has been employed to produce 2D images of the dielectric properties of synthetic breast models at multiple frequencies using a modified frequency-hopping technique that successively introduces alterations to the intermediate reconstructions of the complex-valued permittivity obtained at each of the individual frequencies. Using a tissue-dependent mapping technique, improvement in overall image quality is observed when the imaginary part of a reconstruction is modified to reflect the identical tissue geometry and probable tissue types obtained in its real part, and passed back to the algorithm as the initial guess between successive frequencies. Secondly, related increases in efficiency are noted when this same DGM-CSI algorithm is altered to employ a "frequency cycling" reconstruction technique combined with novel automated stopping criteria. Images obtained from the highest frequency data in a given frequency-hopping sequence are cycled back to the lowest frequency data as new initial guesses to restart multi-frequency inversions. The stopping criteria reduce the total number of algorithmic iterations by determining a suitable time to shift imaging frequencies and globally terminate reconstructions, based on a statistical analysis of a window of past iterations of data error using the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. Finally, contrast enhancement using "ferrofluid" colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is introduced to MWI data collection and validated through a preliminary signal acquisition test using an external polarizing magnetic field (PMF) across a faceted metallic resonant enclosure. The technique of PMF-mediated modulation of the target MNPs' ferromagnetic resonance properties is denoted herein as "ferromagnetic resonance imaging" (FRI). A two-stage imaging DGM-CSI methodology has been developed to recover both the relative permittivity and permeability of dielectric and magnetic targets for future imaging studies using FRI.

Download or read book An Ultrawideband Microwave Imaging System for Early Detection of Breast Cancer written by Xu Li and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis written by Mahesh K Shetty and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the current trends and practices in breast imaging. Topics include mammographic interpretation; breast ultrasound; breast MRI; management of the symptomatic breast in young, pregnant and lactating women; breast intervention with imaging pathological correlation; the postoperative breast and current and emerging technologies in breast imaging. It emphasizes the importance of fostering a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and treatment of breast diseases. Featuring more than 800 high-resolution images and showcasing contributions from leading authorities in the screening, diagnosis and management of the breast cancer patient, Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis is a valuable resource for radiologists, oncologists and surgeons.

Download or read book Microwave Imaging written by Matteo Pastorino and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-27 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the most relevant theoretical and algorithmic aspects of modern microwave imaging approaches Microwave imaging—a technique used in sensing a given scene by means of interrogating microwaves—has recently proven its usefulness in providing excellent diagnostic capabilities in several areas, including civil and industrial engineering, nondestructive testing and evaluation, geophysical prospecting, and biomedical engineering. Microwave Imaging offers comprehensive descriptions of the most important techniques so far proposed for short-range microwave imaging—including reconstruction procedures and imaging systems and apparatus—enabling the reader to use microwaves for diagnostic purposes in a wide range of applications. This hands-on resource features: A review of the electromagnetic inverse scattering problem formulation, written from an engineering perspective and with notations The most effective reconstruction techniques based on diffracted waves, including time- and frequency-domain methods, as well as deterministic and stochastic space-domain procedures Currently proposed imaging apparatus, aimed at fast and accurate measurements of the scattered field data Insight on near field probes, microwave axial tomographs, and microwave cameras and scanners A discussion of practical applications with detailed descriptions and discussions of several specific examples (e.g., materials evaluation, crack detection, inspection of civil and industrial structures, subsurface detection, and medical applications) A look at emerging techniques and future trends Microwave Imaging is a practical resource for engineers, scientists, researchers, and professors in the fields of civil and industrial engineering, nondestructive testing and evaluation, geophysical prospecting, and biomedical engineering.

Download or read book Microwave Imaging Using M sequences with a Particular Focus on Breast Cancer Detection written by Barry Paul Cheeseman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: