Download or read book Body Size Rumen reticulum Functions and Dietary Nutrition of White tailed Deer written by Ryan S. Luna and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruminants have a highly specialized digestive system which allows them to obtain nutrients from fibrous forage. The morphology of this digestive system changes with respect to the quality and quantity of consumed forage. Few studies have explicitly examined variation in ruminant digestive system morphology in semi-arid environments at low latitudes. The aim of my dissertation was to examine scaling relationships of anatomical and physiological rumen-reticulum attributes, dietary nutrition, rumen- reticulum fill, reserve capacity, and surface area of rumen mucosa across a body mass gradient of white-tailed deer in a semi-arid environment. My findings indicate that scaling relationships between body mass and rumen-reticulum capacity were isometric. With regard to nutrition, juveniles and sub-adults consumed a higher quality diet (assessed by the ratio of protein to less digestible and indigestible carbohydrates), which should aid in meeting their high mass-specific metabolic demands. Factors governing rumen-reticulum function were complex because rumen-reticulum fill, reserve capacity, and absorptive surface area of the rumen mucosa were influenced by differing factors. One key finding was that surface area of the rumen mucosa had and inverse relationship with reserve capacity. This inverse relationship would allow individuals in a semi-arid environment to conserve metabolically expensive rumen-reticulum tissue, yet still allow them to accommodate sudden changes in forage quality. Additionally, my research indicates that white-tailed deer in a semi-arid environment had less pronounced seasonal changes in their surface area of rumen mucosa than deer at higher latitudes. My findings contain relevant information to intraspecific scaling relationships, forage niche partitioning, and anatomical patterns of the rumen-reticulum of deer inhabiting semi-arid environments.
Download or read book Rumen reticulum Organ Mass and Rumen Mucosa Surface Area of White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus Consuming Two Diets written by Sterling G. Spilinek and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ungulate diets display spatial and temporal variation. To accommodate dietary variation, elasticity, organ mass, and absorptive capacity presumably change in the rumen-reticulum. The gastrointestinal organs, where most of the capacity and where most digestion occurs. I measured rumen-reticulum organ mass and absorptive capacity in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) collected at Kerr Wildlife Management Area, Texas. I hypothesized that nutrient poor diets would result in greater mass-specific food intake because of low nutrient concentrations. The consequence would be heavy rumen- reticulum organs and low absorptive capacity. Since weaning, deer were fed a pelleted diet, ad libitum, of 1.77 or 2.67 kcal/gm digestible energy. In December 2017, 4.5- and 5.5-year-old deer were euthanized, the rumen-reticulum was extracted, thoroughly rinsed, wrung out, and weighted. Four, 1 x 3 cm samples were cut from four regions of the rumen. The samples were fixed in ExCell plusTM for 24 hours, then preserved in 70% ethanol until measured. For each 1 cm2 sample, I measured length and width of 10 randomly selected papillae, counted papillae density, and calculated a surface enlargement factor (SEF). My surrogate of food intake was first molar height measured on the right side of the jaw. Diet consumed by deer was unbeknownst to the measurer. Analyses of general linear models indicated that deer consuming the low energy diet had higher food intake, heavier rumen-reticulum organs, and lower SEF than deer consuming the higher energy diet. White-tailed deer adjust rumen-reticulum morphology to maintain digestive functions when diets vary in energy content.
Download or read book A Comparison of Some Aspects of the Nutrition of the White tailed Deer and the Domestic Cow written by Henry Laughton Short and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Some Digestive Parameters of the White tailed Deer Using the Radioisotope p51 schromium written by William Ward Mautz and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rumen reticulum and Liver Mass Relationships in White tailed Deer Odocoileus Virginianus Differ Between Females and Males written by Gayatri Bhaskar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relationships between organ masses with high energetic demands influence metabolic demands in mammals. Previous studies have estimated allometric relationships between body mass and organ masses in white-tailed deer. To my knowledge, however, there has been no investigation into the relationship between rumen-reticulum organ mass and liver mass in any ungulate. Furthermore, energetically demanding life history events such as lactation in females and mating in males should affect organ workloads. Understanding the codependent relationships of these organs could be insightful to understanding the energy conservation strategy of white-tailed deer. I examined relationships between rumen-reticulum and liver mass in white-tailed deer in relation to the mating season, to see if relationships differed between females and males. I collected 151 white-tailed deer (68 males and 83 females) from Kerr Wildlife Management Area (Kerr WMA) breeding pens, Central Texas, and a private ranch in South Texas (SOTX). Deer from the Kerr WMA pens were obtained during the peak of the mating season, whereas deer from SOTX were collected two months prior to the mating season. There was a positive relationship between masses of the rumen-reticulum organ and liver at both study areas. However, this relationship differed between males and females. Males exhibited heavier livers in relation to rumen-reticulum organ masses than females at both study areas. These findings might be useful to understanding physiological changes during energetically demanding periods in male and female white-tailed deer.
Download or read book Nutritional Ecology of White tailed Deer written by Robert Gene Osborn and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of genetics and nutrition on antler development and body size of white tailed deer written by Donnie E. Harmel and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Dairy Farms written by Santiago García-Yuste and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-20 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Dairy Farms presents an innovative environmental proposal. While chiefly focusing on dairy farms, the environmental solution it describes is applicable to the entire livestock sector. The book is divided into five chapters, the first of which addresses the carbon footprint of dairy farms. Chapter two provides an overview of the animal production system, focusing on the physiology of the ruminant stomach and the greenhouse gases emitted by dairy cows. In turn, the third chapter covers dairy farm systems, explaining both intensive and extensive husbandry systems. The book’s final two chapters present the-state-of-art in CO2 capture, and describe a new and innovative CO2-RFP strategy. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to chemists, biologists, biotechnologists, and researchers active in agriculture and food-related areas, as well as those working in the food and dairy industry.
Download or read book Food and Life written by United States. Department of Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant written by Peter J. Van Soest and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monumental text-reference places in clear persepctive the importance of nutritional assessments to the ecology and biology of ruminants and other nonruminant herbivorous mammals. Now extensively revised and significantly expanded, it reflects the changes and growth in ruminant nutrition and related ecology since 1982. Among the subjects Peter J. Van Soest covers are nutritional constraints, mineral nutrition, rumen fermentation, microbial ecology, utilization of fibrous carbohydrates, application of ruminant precepts to fermentive digestion in nonruminants, as well as taxonomy, evolution, nonruminant competitors, gastrointestinal anatomies, feeding behavior, and problems fo animal size. He also discusses methods of evaluation, nutritive value, physical struture and chemical composition of feeds, forages, and broses, the effects of lignification, and ecology of plant self-protection, in addition to metabolism of energy, protein, lipids, control of feed intake, mathematical models of animal function, digestive flow, and net energy. Van Soest has introduced a number of changes in this edition, including new illustrations and tables. He places nutritional studies in historical context to show not only the effectiveness of nutritional approaches but also why nutrition is of fundamental importance to issues of world conservation. He has extended precepts of ruminant nutritional ecology to such distant adaptations as the giant panda and streamlined conceptual issues in a clearer logical progression, with emphasis on mechanistic causal interrelationships. Peter J. Van Soest is Professor of Animal Nutrition in the Department of Animal Science and the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University.
Download or read book Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biology and Management of White tailed Deer written by David G. Hewitt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-06-24 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Wildlife Society Outstanding Edited Book Award for 2013! Winner of the Texas Chapter of The Wildlife Society Outstanding Book Award for 2011! Winner of a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Award for 2011! Biology and Management of White-tailed Deer organizes and presents information on the most studied large mammal species in the world. The book covers the evolutionary history of the species, its anatomy, physiology, and nutrition, population dynamics, and ecology across its vast range (from central Canada through northern South America). The book then discusses the history of management of white-tailed deer, beginning with early Native Americans and progressing through management by Europeans and examining population lows in the early 1900s, restocking efforts through the mid 1900s, and recent, overabundant populations that are becoming difficult to manage in many areas. Features: Co-published with the Quality Deer Management Association Compiles valuable information for white-tailed deer enthusiasts, managers, and biologists Written by an authoritative author team from diverse backgrounds Integrates white-tailed deer biology and management into a single volume Provides a thorough treatment of white-tailed deer antler biology Includes downloadable resources with color images The backbone of many state wildlife management agencies' policies and a featured hunting species through much of their range, white-tailed deer are an important species ecologically, socially, and scientifically in most areas of North America. Highly adaptable and now living in close proximity to humans in many areas, white-tailed deer are both the face of nature and the source of conflict with motorists, home-owners, and agricultural producers. Capturing the diverse aspects of white-tailed deer research, Biology and Management of White-tailed Deer is a reflection of the resources invested in the study of the species’ effects on ecosystems, predator-prey dynamics, population regulation, foraging behavior, and browser physiology.
Download or read book Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ruminants written by D. C. Church and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mule and Black tailed Deer of North America written by Olof C. Wallmo and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed in co-operation with U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
Download or read book Sheep Goat and Cervid Medicine E Book written by David G. Pugh and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW! Coverage of cervids has been added to chapters throughout the book, reflecting the growing popularity of deer and elk. NEW! Thorough content updates are made throughout the book and reflect the latest research evidence. NEW! 170 new clinical photos have been added. NEW! Anesthesia and Pain Management chapter includes a new section on pain management strategies, reflecting the emphasis on controlling pain in small ruminants. NEW! Expert Consult website offers an online version of the book, making it easy to search the entire book electronically. NEW! Two new authors are respected and well-known veterinary medicine experts and educators: Dr. Misty Edmondson and Dr. Thomas Passler.
Download or read book Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition written by Charles T. Robbins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife Feeding and Nutrition fills a serious gap in the wildlife and animal nutrition literature by providing a discussion of the basic principles of nutrition and their application to the broader field of wildlife ecology. This book is based on lectures presented in an upper-level wildlife nutrition course taught at Washington State University. The book opens with an introductory chapter on wildlife nutrition. This is followed by separate chapters on general nutrient and energy requirements; protein, water, vitamin, and mineral requirements; impact of nutrition on reproductive characteristics; gastrointestinal anatomy and function; and digestion and nutrient metabolism. The text will be invaluable to wildlife biologists, to those who are interested in captive animal nutrition and management, and to those who are interested in improving the feed supply and nutrition of free-ranging wildlife. It should also be helpful to undergraduate and graduate students as well as teachers of biology and wildlife management. The book will be a useful reference for all who are interested and concerned with wildlife throughout the world.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Nonhuman Primates written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-01 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new release presents the wealth of information gleaned about nonhuman primates nutrition since the previous edition was published in 1978. With expanded coverage of natural dietary habits, gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology, and the nutrient needs of species that have been difficult to maintain in captivity, it explores the impact on nutrition of physiological and life-stage considerations: infancy, weaning, immune function, obesity, aging, and more. The committee also discusses issues of environmental enrichment such as opportunities for foraging. Based on the world's scientific literature and input from authoritative sources, the book provides best estimates of nutrient requirements. The volume covers requirements for energy: carbohydrates, including the role of dietary fiber; proteins and amino acids; fats and fatty acids; minerals, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins; and water. The book also analyzes the composition of important foods and feed ingredients and offers guidelines on feed processing and diet formulation.
